Danya Ortiz, Farida Elgebaly, Ryan M. Aquino, Hector A. Vidal, Carolyn V. Wong, Ruben Y. Luo
{"title":"Establishment of a Top-Down Liquid Chromatography-High-Resolution-Mass Spectrometry Method With Multiple Fragmentation Modes for Clinical Diagnosis of Hemoglobin Variants","authors":"Danya Ortiz, Farida Elgebaly, Ryan M. Aquino, Hector A. Vidal, Carolyn V. Wong, Ruben Y. Luo","doi":"10.1002/jms.70054","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jms.70054","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Identification of hemoglobin (Hb) variants is of significant value in the clinical diagnosis of hemoglobinopathies. A common issue with the conventional methods for identifying Hb variants is their limited resolution to provide primary structures. Previous literature has shown the ability for high-resolution mass spectrometry (HR-MS) methods to accurately identify Hb variants, but ambiguity may still remain when distinguishing isomeric Hb variants due to inadequate AA sequence coverage. Using multiple fragmentation modes can be a solution to achieve higher sequence coverage in MS<sup>2</sup> fragment analysis. A liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HR-MS) method with multiple fragmentation modes was developed for identifying Hb variants, which could both effectively separate pairs of normal and variant Hb subunits and accurately distinguish isomeric Hb variant subunits. The separation was facilitated by a C4 reversed-phase column, and the fragmentation modes in use were higher-energy collision dissociation (HCD) and electron-transfer/higher-energy collision dissociation (EThcD). The fragmentation modes HCD, ETD, and EThcD were tested with normal α and β subunits to evaluate the MS<sup>2</sup> performance of each mode. The combined use of EThcD and HCD was able to make high AA sequence coverage. Five clinical samples, including heterozygous Hb E and Hb Constant Spring (CS), Hb Hofu, Hb Raleigh, Hb P-Nilotic, and Hb F-Kuala Lumpur (KL), were analyzed to demonstrate the performance of the LC-HR-MS method for accurately identifying Hb variants samples. This article demonstrated the advantages of LC-HR-MS with multiple fragmentation modes in effectively solving clinical cases of Hb variants. In clinical practice, the combination of the LC-HR-MS and conventional Hb test methods is favorable, allowing for accurate diagnosis of Hb variants and significantly reducing the need for more costly genetic tests.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16178,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mass Spectrometry","volume":"61 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147581601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Correction to ‘Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry Method Development and Validation to Quantify Simultaneously Six Urinary Dialkyl Phosphate Metabolites of Organophosphorus Pesticides’","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/jms.70042","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jms.70042","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We apologize for these errors.</p>","PeriodicalId":16178,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mass Spectrometry","volume":"61 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jms.70042","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147574320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Method Development for the Analysis of Carbonaceous Chondrites by Laser Desorption/Ionization and Secondary Ion Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry","authors":"Edita Rados, Johannes Frank, Ernst Pittenauer","doi":"10.1002/jms.70051","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jms.70051","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study focuses on the development of a laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometric method for analyzing carbonaceous chondrites, meteorites that may hold clues to the origin of life. Since carbonaceous chondrites are only available in small quantities, we initially designed an artificial meteorite material (the mineral forsterite) doped with an organic material system (the amino acid tryptophan, the sugar 2-deoxy-D-ribose, and the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon triphenylene) as meteorite-like material to develop an LDI-MS method. This simulates a simplified artificial meteoritic composition to study the behavior of organic compounds in an inorganic environment. Experiments with meteorite-like material were performed on four different LDI-MS instruments (reflectron TOF-MS and QTOF-MS) with different performance characteristics (e.g., different lasers and laser repetition rates, different ion source pressure) in positive- and negative-ion mode and compared the data with those obtained on a TOF-SIMS instrument. Real meteoritic samples were also analyzed using our previously developed LDI-MS method and the TOF-SIMS method. For sample preparation, we used an in-house built micro-press, enabling the fixing of both meteorite-like material and real meteoritic splinters onto a target plate. Our unique target system, a universal in-house-designed adapter target holder, facilitated compatibility with all instruments including SIMS from different manufacturers. In the real meteorite samples a variety of elements, including potential detections of rubidium (<sup>85</sup>Rb:<sup>87</sup>Rb = 3:1), cesium (<sup>133</sup>Cs only), and tentatively holmium (<sup>165</sup>Ho only) was predominantly detected in positive-ion mode. Utilizing LDI with a reflectron TOF-MS in negative-ion mode, we identified distinct carbon clusters ranging from C<sub>2</sub> to C<sub>13</sub> in the Allende and Jbilet Winselwan meteorites originating most likely from high molecular weight organic carbon compounds. Background analysis confirmed a minimal impact of external contamination with carbon cluster ions validating the authenticity of these findings. No distinct other carbon-containing material could be identified.</p>","PeriodicalId":16178,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mass Spectrometry","volume":"61 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13021290/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147520979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Heidi Vandyk, Christopher Anderton, Hak Joo Lee, Kumar Sharma, Dušan Veličković
{"title":"Optimization of Ionic Matrix Deposition to Increase the Performance of MALDI-Based Spatial N-Glycomics","authors":"Heidi Vandyk, Christopher Anderton, Hak Joo Lee, Kumar Sharma, Dušan Veličković","doi":"10.1002/jms.70053","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jms.70053","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Ionic matrices for matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) have demonstrated superior performance compared to traditional matrices for profiling and screening of carbohydrate composition. However, their application in MALDI-MS imaging of N-glycans in tissues remains elusive, in part due to suboptimal matrix application conditions. In this study, we optimized 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid/N, N-dimethylaniline (DHB/DMA) ionic matrix spray conditions to enhance the sensitivity of spotted N-glycan standards; however, these conditions were not suitable for analyzing endogenous N-glycans in tissue. To address this, we refined the composition of the ionic matrix by replacing DHB with α-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid (CHCA) and DMA with its hydrochloride salt (DMA·HCl), resulting in superior performance compared to the CHCA matrix, which is the most widely used for spatial N-glycomics. This method enhanced the sensitivity for detecting diverse N-glycan types, including low-abundance sialic acid glycans, while maintaining their endogenous location—a key limitation of liquid-state DMA.</p>","PeriodicalId":16178,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mass Spectrometry","volume":"61 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13006149/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147498877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Antonio Triolo, Fabiana Tavani, Prisca Barnini, Sandra Furlanetto, Serena Orlandini
{"title":"Characterisation of Antisense Oligonucleotides by Ion-Pair Reversed-Phase UHPLC-HRMS: Method development using Design of Experiments","authors":"Antonio Triolo, Fabiana Tavani, Prisca Barnini, Sandra Furlanetto, Serena Orlandini","doi":"10.1002/jms.70049","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jms.70049","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The quality control of therapeutic antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) poses significant analytical challenges due to the complexity of their synthesis and degradation processes and the need to ensure the safety and efficacy of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). In this study, an ion-pair reversed-phase ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–high-resolution mass spectrometry (IP-RP-UHPLC-HRMS) method based on Orbitrap technology was developed using fomivirsen (FMV) and tofersen (TFR) as model compounds. A preliminary scouting phase was dedicated to selecting the type of ion-pair reagent and MS parameters settings (sheath gas, auxiliary gas temperature and S-lens), based on MS spectrum quality (charge state distribution, presence of adducts and in-source fragments), MS signal height and chromatographic peak shape. Design of Experiments (DoE) through response surface methodology was employed to evaluate the effects of the following factors in depth: concentration of the ion pair reagent <i>N</i>,<i>N</i>-diisopropylethylamine and of 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoroisopropanol in the mobile phase and elution gradient slope. The responses selected were the UV height and baseline width of the main peak of the APIs, as well as the resolutions between selected impurities from their extracted MS chromatograms. A multidimensional space (sweet spot) was defined in which the response requirements were met, enabling multicriteria optimisation and the set-up of two distinct IP-RP-UHPLC-MS methods for FMV and TFR characterisation, based on shared mobile phase components and MS parameters. All four FMV impurities and 13 out of 15 detected TFR impurities were identified above 0.1%. DoE approach has been demonstrated to be an effective tool for achieving a balance between sensitivity and selectivity in the analysis of ASOs, identifying optimum conditions tailored to oligonucleotide type and ion-pair agent and paving the way for more structured development processes, as recommended by recent regulatory requirements for pharmaceutical analytical procedure development.</p>","PeriodicalId":16178,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mass Spectrometry","volume":"61 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13002315/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147486203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jinxuan Zhang, Jixing Liu, Bin Jia, Gaosheng Zhao, Li Xu, Ping Cheng
{"title":"Synergistic Mechanisms Underlying Microwave Plasma-Catalytic Degradation of Complex Odorous Mixtures: An In Situ Mass Spectrometry Diagnostic Analysis","authors":"Jinxuan Zhang, Jixing Liu, Bin Jia, Gaosheng Zhao, Li Xu, Ping Cheng","doi":"10.1002/jms.70052","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jms.70052","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The fundamental challenge in degrading diverse odorous compounds lies in their low concentration and varied chemical reactivity, which complicates the elucidation of underlying degradation mechanisms. This study investigates the plasma-driven reaction pathways and synergistic effects in a microwave plasma-catalytic system, designed for the degradation of representative odorous compounds including oxygenated volatile organic compounds (OVOCs), benzene derivatives, and sulfur compounds. An end-face enhanced reactor design significantly improved plasma excitation efficiency and stability, enabling effective degradation (> 90%) at low power (50–80 W). Crucially, we report the first mechanistic study on the simultaneous degradation of mixed organic and inorganic sulfur compounds using microwave plasma catalysis. Real-time online monitoring of reaction intermediates and products was achieved via a custom low-pressure assisted microwave plasma time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LAMP-TOFMS) instrument. Target compounds included butanal, ethyl acetate, benzene, toluene, dimethyl sulfide, dimethyl disulfide, methanethiol, and carbon disulfide. The system demonstrated not only high degradation efficiency but also a pronounced control over by-product formation. The introduction of a catalyst was found to critically alter the reaction selectivity, suppressing the formation of undesirable oxygenates (e.g., formic acid) and nitrogen-containing intermediates (e.g., nitromethane), thereby promoting the complete mineralization pathway. This work provides fundamental insights into the plasma-catalytic reaction mechanisms governing the degradation of complex odorant mixtures, offering a novel molecular-level perspective on nonthermal plasma chemistry relevant to environmental remediation.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16178,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mass Spectrometry","volume":"61 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147486238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Top-Down Mass Spectrometry–Based Structural and Functional Proteomics: A Perspective","authors":"Kellye A. Cupp-Sutton, Si Wu","doi":"10.1002/jms.70044","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jms.70044","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A wide range of protein modifications (e.g., truncations, amino acid substitutions, and posttranslational modifications, PTMs) create diverse proteoforms that govern physiological regulation and support cellular homeostasis. As such, understanding proteoform structure is fundamental to elucidating biological function and disease mechanisms. Traditional high-resolution methods (e.g., NMR, cryo-EM, and X-ray crystallography) offer powerful structural information but remain limited in their capacity to interrogate the structural effects of proteoform heterogeneity. Mass spectrometry (MS)–based structural proteomics allows the evaluation of protein structure in native and native-like conditions. Typically, MS-based structural proteomics methods implement bottom-up proteomics in which proteins are digested into small peptides prior to MS detection. This digestion, however, may obscure proteoform structural information such as coordinating PTMs. Top-down proteomics, on the other hand, analyzes intact proteoforms directly to preserve the connectivity between proteoform structure and function. In this perspective, we discuss the application of top-down MS-based proteomics for interrogating intact proteoform structures and outline future directions for the field. We highlight the potential of top-down structural proteomics as a powerful and complementary approach to bottom-up proteomics and traditional biochemical strategies, enabling comprehensive characterization of the intact structural proteome.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16178,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mass Spectrometry","volume":"61 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147480808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Christian Neusüß, Hadi Lioe, Toby Dite, Sawyen Ow, Matthias Pelzing
{"title":"Proteoform-Resolved Interaction Studies of Plasminogen by CZE-MS and SEC-MS Under Near-Native Conditions","authors":"Christian Neusüß, Hadi Lioe, Toby Dite, Sawyen Ow, Matthias Pelzing","doi":"10.1002/jms.70048","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jms.70048","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Native mass spectrometry has become an important technique for studying proteins and protein complexes under physiologically similar conditions. However, the technique is still rarely coupled to separation techniques, as the widely used reversed-phase chromatography mostly denatures proteins. Here we present a study combining both capillary zone electrophoresis and size exclusion chromatography, each coupled online to native electrospray ionization mass spectrometry for the analysis of proteoforms of plasminogen. Plasminogen, the zymogen form of plasmin, is an abundant plasma protein with multiple proteoforms whose activation via proteolytic cleavage is tightly regulated within the fibrinolytic system and is partly modulated by post-translational modifications. Near-native CZE conditions enable the separation of proteoforms differing in phosphorylation and glycosylation, that is, almost baseline separation of proteoforms differing in phosphorylation and sialylation. The nanoflow sheath liquid interface (nanoCEasy) enables efficient ionization as well as the flexibility to ionize under native or denaturing conditions. The CZE-MS set-up can be used to study proteoform-resolved interaction directly in the capillary, as demonstrated for the activation of plasminogen by the co-injection of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA). In these proof-of-concept experiments, various truncations of plasminogen were observed with a preferred cleavage for the N-glycosylated and the phosphorylated proteoforms. SEC-MS enables partial separation of the proteoforms, particularly between glycosylated and nonglycosylated proteoforms leading to the detection of new proteoforms not described by direct infusion experiments. Overall, the combination of near-native CZE-MS and SEC-MS provides a detailed characterization of plasminogen and enables proteoforms-resolved interaction studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":16178,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mass Spectrometry","volume":"61 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12991853/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147468113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jun Li, Xiu-zhen Wang, Hua Jiang, Yi-qing Zhang, He-zhe Guo, Zhong-kang Yang, Yu-pin Wang
{"title":"Revealing the Structure Types of Glycosylated Quercetins and Their Derivatives From Rutin Under High-Temperature Processing by LC-ESI-MS/MS","authors":"Jun Li, Xiu-zhen Wang, Hua Jiang, Yi-qing Zhang, He-zhe Guo, Zhong-kang Yang, Yu-pin Wang","doi":"10.1002/jms.70046","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jms.70046","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>It has been well established that a high dietary intake of rutin is associated with a reduced risk of chronic diseases. Rutin-rich edible parts of natural plants are often prepared into various functional foods. However, a decrease in rutin content is generally observed in the end products, with high-temperature processing identified as one of the main causes. Therefore, the use of lower temperatures during food preparation is often suggested. Quercetin, the sugar-removed product of rutin, has previously been reported as the only degradation product of rutin. In this study, however, an additional 57 previously unreported structural types of glycosylated quercetins and their derivatives were identified as rutin degradation products after treatment at 180°C for 20 min using HPLC-ESI-MS/MS. About 24 ± 1.41% (mol) of rutin was transformed into these degradation products. Notably, the retained rutin in the heated sample exhibited an unexpectedly high apparent solubility of 7.0 ± 0.3 mg/mL, which is 46.7 times greater than rutin intrinsic solubility, suggesting improved bioavailability of poorly soluble rutin. It is speculated that the enhanced apparent solubility is due to the formation of polysaccharide-modified quercetin and its derivatives. This study provides valuable insights for comprehensively evaluating the effects of high-temperature processing on the preparation of functional foods containing rutin.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16178,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mass Spectrometry","volume":"61 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147462905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lucia Bartella, Fabio Mazzotti, Ilaria Santoro, Leonardo Di Donna
{"title":"HPLC-Orbitrap-MS for the Determination of B-Vitamins in Fruit Juices and Food Supplements","authors":"Lucia Bartella, Fabio Mazzotti, Ilaria Santoro, Leonardo Di Donna","doi":"10.1002/jms.70050","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jms.70050","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Accurate assay of vitamins in foods is a considerable analytical challenge due to the chemical complexity of matrices and molecular structures. Orbitrap MS technology coupled with liquid chromatography through electrospray ionization source (HPLC-ESI-MS) was applied for the simultaneous determination of seven B-vitamins (thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, pantothenic acid, pyridoxine, biotin, and folic acid) in fruit juices and dietary supplements. The method employed an easy sample treatment procedure, involving direct dilution for juices and a fast solvent extraction for supplements. Chromatographic separation was achieved by a reversed-phase column with a gradient elution of water and acetonitrile. Mass spectrometry detection was performed in full-scan mode and using both positive and negative ionization to maximize sensitivity. The method was validated, demonstrating excellent linearity (<i>R</i><sup>2</sup> > 0.998), acceptable accuracy (96%–112% for supplements, near 100% for juices with matrix-matched calibration), and good precision (RSD < 15%). The matrix effect was investigated and mitigated using a matrix calibration curve for fruit juices. Limits of detection and quantification were determined, indicating good sensitivity. The validated approach was successfully applied to the analysis of real samples, showing good agreement with label claims for supplements and confirming the expected vitamin levels in fruit juices, with freshly squeezed juices exhibiting higher concentrations than commercial ones.</p>","PeriodicalId":16178,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mass Spectrometry","volume":"61 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12989471/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147462816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}