{"title":"Role-playing","authors":"M. Ludlow","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198848837.003.0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198848837.003.0006","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Prosōpopoeia is direct speech in character, inserted into a narrative or argument. This chapter examines prosōpopoeia in its rhetorical and literary contexts: it represents words which are appropriate to a character but hypothetical (what she would have said if). It evokes emotion in an audience but is often viewed as theatrical and therefore risky speech. Particular anxiety focused on the idea of the orator speaking the words of someone whose nature clashed with that of the ideal orator (male, educated, authoritative). This chapter therefore sketches out ancient attitudes to public speech by women or those of low status, attending also to their portrayal in literature or on the stage. The chapter concludes with some reflections on the performing body in ancient culture: it is not just the words, but the body which utters them which convey authority and effect persuasion.","PeriodicalId":161713,"journal":{"name":"Art, Craft, and Theology in Fourth-Century Christian Authors","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129893673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Ekphrasis","authors":"M. Ludlow","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198848837.003.0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198848837.003.0002","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter examines the literary technique of ekphrasis, defining it in terms of its intended effect on the audience: the vivid representation of an image to the mind’s eye, so as to evoke an emotional or other response. Ekphrasis makes an object appear present to an audience; it can be rich in detail or deftly brief. Both modes engage the audience in the imaginative recreation of the object, person or scene in their mind. This chapter also examines other aspects of crafting a text using ekphrasis: order, variety, and reading objects as texts. It argues that ekphrasis prompts questions about the thing described: Who is the maker? Who is the observer? And why is it absent?","PeriodicalId":161713,"journal":{"name":"Art, Craft, and Theology in Fourth-Century Christian Authors","volume":"98 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131536604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"‘This is the Word of the Lord’","authors":"M. Ludlow","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198848837.003.0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198848837.003.0007","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter examines cases where authors use prosōpopoeia to puts words in the mouth of Christ—either revoicing speeches which are found in the gospels, or inventing completely new ones. It first studies various interpretations of the Sermon of the Mount which read it rhetorically, commenting on the setting, on the effect of Christ’s words (pathos and persuasion), and the way his words reveal his character (ethos and integrity). Next, it examines speeches invented for Christ in hagiographies, where he takes on the character of the president of the games, preparing martyrs for and standing by them in their ‘victory’—that is, their deaths in the arena. Prosōpopoeia can complement our usual sources of Christology: the use of prosōpopoeia as invented speech appropriate to a character one can draw conclusions about how certain authors viewed Christ. It also raises questions about how appropriate it was for an author to imitate Christ.","PeriodicalId":161713,"journal":{"name":"Art, Craft, and Theology in Fourth-Century Christian Authors","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130540517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Rhetoric of Landscape in Gregory of Nyssa’s Homilies on the Song of Songs","authors":"M. Ludlow","doi":"10.1163/9789004382046_014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004382046_014","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter examines Gregory of Nyssa’s exegesis of Song 2:10–13: he reads this as an ekphrasis of spring, which he then elaborates himself in a similar literary style. The chapter begins by examining the use of ekphrasis to describe gardens more generally, especially the way in which ancient gardens were symbols of nature tamed and bounded and the way in which they were blurred with the concept of the locus amoenus or pleasant natural space. Gardens are used in literature to express something about their owners or creators; they are used to evoke mood and to reflect on the art of words. Gregory shares this understanding of the ancient garden; he too uses ekphrasis to evoke a mood of awe and to arouse expectation; he uses it to depict the character of the lover in the Song/the divine Word, and to reflect on the nature of divine discourse.","PeriodicalId":161713,"journal":{"name":"Art, Craft, and Theology in Fourth-Century Christian Authors","volume":"63 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134314761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}