Journal of Infectiology最新文献

{"title":"Ventilator Associated Pneumonia in Adult Patients Preventive Measures: A Review of the Recent Advances","authors":"P. Batra, M. Misra, M. Kumari, O. Katoch, Fahmi Hasan","doi":"10.29245/2689-9981/2018/3.1122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29245/2689-9981/2018/3.1122","url":null,"abstract":"Ventilator Associated Pneumonia (VAP) is the most commonly acquired ICU infection worldwide affecting nearly 10-30% of ventilated patients and accounting for nearly 25% of all types of ICU infections. VAP has been associated with increased morbidity, mortality, duration of ICU stay, duration of mechanical ventilation and nearly 50% of the ICU antibiotic prescription. After understanding the pathogenesis of VAP, various preventive measures have been tried by various authors. The currently accepted preventive measures are being used in most centres as the VAP prevention bundle. This includes: elevation of the head of the bed between 30°and 45°, daily sedation interruption and assessment of readiness to extubate, daily oral care with Chlorhexidine, peptic ulcer disease prophylaxis and deep vein thrombosis prophylaxis. In the current manuscript, we will be discussing the available preventive measures. Other measures which have been shown to be effective include selective oropharyngeal and digestive tract decontamination, use of antimicrobial coated ET tubes. However, more studies need to be done to see if these can be included in the VAP prevention bundle.","PeriodicalId":16100,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infectiology","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76675984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Toxoplasma Tour de Force to Unfold its Intravacuolar Developmental Program","authors":"G. Pavlou, I. Tardieux","doi":"10.29245/2689-9981/2018/3.1125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29245/2689-9981/2018/3.1125","url":null,"abstract":"Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular single-celled eukaryotic parasite with an impressive ability to invade virtually all nucleated cells from all warm-blooded animals, within a second time-scale. The invasive T. gondii tachyzoite achieves this feat by injecting a multi-unit nanodevice in the plasma membrane and underlying cortical cytoskeleton of the targeted cell that serves as an anchor point to withstand the parasite invasive force. Whether this nanodevice could also contribute at the latest step of invasion when the budding entry vesicle pinches off of the plasma membrane as a parasitophorous vacuole had not been yet addressed. Using fluorescent versions of both a parasite nanodevice component and a reporter for the target plasma membrane in conjunction with quantitative high-resolution live imaging, Pavlou et al . characterized the nanodevice toroidal shape once inserted in the membrane as well as its stretching and shrinking when accommodating the passage of the several micron-sized ellipsoid shaped tachyzoite. Tracking in real time the motion of internal eccentric markers allowed defining the tachyzoite final rotation along the long axis which imposes a twisting motion on its basal pole and directs closure of the torus hence promoting both sealing and release of the entry vesicle. Monitoring distinct host cell plasma markers allowed Pavlou et al . to propose that the twisting motion could also act as an initial mechanical trigger for the transition to the intracellular lifestyle. Their publication therefore brings evidence for a key new contribution of the nanodevice to end the high-speed multi-step invasion process. This unveils a twisting motion of the tachyzoite imposing rotation on its basal end and likely constriction/torsion of the entry vesicle neck that facilitates membrane fusion and fission upstream the torus to release a Parasitophorous Vacuole (PV) whose membrane (PVM) is rapidly remodelled. When closure is mechanically prevented by microbeads that stay tightly bound to the posterior end of the tachyzoite, the leaky ZCJ causes an osmotic response from the host cell leading to parasite lysis. This work suggests a functional similarity between the mode of action of (i) the GTPase dynamins that form helices around the neck of vesicles (endocytic buds) at the PM to apply torsion","PeriodicalId":16100,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infectiology","volume":"453 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79093169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Commentary: \"Rigidity and Resistance of Larval- and Adult Schistosomes-Medium Interface\"","authors":"F. Migliardo, H. Tallima, R. E. Ridi","doi":"10.29245/2689-9981/2018/3.1127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29245/2689-9981/2018/3.1127","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16100,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infectiology","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79433201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plasmid-mediated Colistin Resistance: What Do We Know?","authors":"T. Dalmolin, D. Lima-Morales, A. Barth","doi":"10.29245/2689-9981/2018/2.1109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29245/2689-9981/2018/2.1109","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16100,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infectiology","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72764088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Commentary: Improved Malaria Case Management in Formal Private Sector Through Public Private Partnership in Ethiopia: Retrospective Descriptive Study","authors":"M. D. Argaw, T. Mavundla, B. Desta, W. Abera, Kassa Daka Gidebo, T. A. Bele, Dereje Dillu","doi":"10.29245/2689-9981/2018/2.1118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29245/2689-9981/2018/2.1118","url":null,"abstract":"Mesele Damte Argaw1,2*, Thandisizwe Redford Mavundla2, Binyam Fekadu Desta1,2, Wondwosen Shiferaw Abera1, Kassa Daka Gidebo3, Temesgen Ayehu Bele4, Dereje Dillu4 1USAID Transform: Primary Health Care, JSI Research & Training Institute, Inc., Addis Ababa, Ethiopia 2University of South Africa, Department of Health Studies, Pretoria, South Africa 3Welaita Sodo University, School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences and Medicine, Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia 4Federal Ministry of Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia","PeriodicalId":16100,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infectiology","volume":"93 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83855131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of Add-on Prednisolone in the Management of Peripheral Lymph Node Tuberculosis","authors":"Prahlad Gupta","doi":"10.29245/2689-9981/2018/2.1115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29245/2689-9981/2018/2.1115","url":null,"abstract":"© 2018 Gupta PR. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Peripheral lymph node tuberculosis (PLNTB) is the commonest form of extra-pulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB), both in HIV infected and non-infected patients1,2. Cervical region is most frequently affected site3-5. Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the most common cause. Females and economically productive young adults are more commonly affected6,7. Tubercular lymphadenitis is mainly a medical disease as surgical excision is associated with slightly worse outcome as compared to medical treatment alone, but repeated aspiration of the affected node is sometimes required to avoid scar formation. But in spite of medical treatment, many of these patients show appearance of new lymph node or new disease, increase in the size of existing lesions and/ or sinus formation while on treatment. This becomes more problematic, while managing PLNTB in cosmosensitive area i.e. cervical lymph node tuberculosis (CLNTB). Several studies have also shown better outcomes, when oral steroids are added to anti tubercular drugs (ATT), in EPTB cases i.e. pleural effusion8, pericardial effusion9, tubercular meningitis, mediastinal lymphadenitis causing pressure on vital structure10. But studies defining the role of add on steroids in management of PLNTB are sparse11-13.","PeriodicalId":16100,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infectiology","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81717481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unsafe Injection Practices by Medical Practitioners in South Asia Associated with Hepatitis and HIV Outbreaks.","authors":"Arshad Altaf","doi":"10.29245/2689-9981/2018/2.1113","DOIUrl":"10.29245/2689-9981/2018/2.1113","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16100,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infectiology","volume":"30 1","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7617092/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86663669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Treating Severe Plasmodium falciparum Malaria in the United States: Historical Trends and Current Challenges","authors":"A. Anastasio, Kevin X. Farley","doi":"10.29245/2689-9981/2018/2.1124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29245/2689-9981/2018/2.1124","url":null,"abstract":"Malaria, a parasitic disease transmitted by the Anopheles mosquito, remains a cause of great morbidity and mortality worldwide. Numbers of reported cases from the most recent report on malaria surveillance in the United States (US) shows a continual drop in the burden of malarial disease nationally (1,727 and 1,725 in 2013 and 2014 to 1,517 in 2015)a 1-4. Plasmodium falciparum constituted 67.4% of infections and a reported 17.1% of malaria infections were classified as “severe illnesses”3. Despite reports of dropping incidence over the last few years, the number of malaria deaths in the United States in 2015 was actually higher (11 deaths) than the average over the years 2000-2014 (6.1 deaths per year)3. This brief report discusses the current trends in the treatment of severe malaria in the US. Articles were found in pub-med indexed journals by a team of investigators.","PeriodicalId":16100,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infectiology","volume":"112 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80702468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Running Commentary on the Article: Burden of Serious Fungal Infections in Bangladesh Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2017 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-017-2921-z","authors":"H. Gugnani","doi":"10.29245/2689-9981/2018/2.1112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29245/2689-9981/2018/2.1112","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16100,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infectiology","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73742947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis (IPA) Post Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant (HSCT): Is Immunological Dysfunction Play a Role?","authors":"A. Kuwal, N. Dutt, N. Chauhan","doi":"10.29245/2689-9981/2018/2.1111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29245/2689-9981/2018/2.1111","url":null,"abstract":"Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality among patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT). The majority of cases are detected during the period of neutropenia (following conditioning regimen) or immunosuppression (treatment of graft versus host disease). Development of IPA after one-year postHSCT is extremely rare. Here, we report a case of a 43-year-old male who developed IPA two years after an allogenic stem cell transplant and 406 days after stopping the immunosuppressive medication.","PeriodicalId":16100,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infectiology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87960635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}