Journal of Immunotherapy and Precision Oncology最新文献

{"title":"Big data revolutionizing precision oncology: Unleashing potential in cancer research","authors":"Abhishek Mohanty","doi":"10.4103/jpo.jpo_10_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jpo.jpo_10_23","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16081,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Immunotherapy and Precision Oncology","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135400217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of anxiety and depression symptoms in patients undergoing initial oncology treatment: A clinical study","authors":"Harsha Agarwal, Shalu Rana, Shivangi Pal","doi":"10.4103/jpo.jpo_6_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jpo.jpo_6_23","url":null,"abstract":"Background: This clinical study aimed to evaluate the symptoms and severity of anxiety and depression among patients undergoing initial treatment in an oncology setup. The research focused on assessing the psychological and demographic factors related to anxiety and depression. Aims and Objectives: The aim of the study was to identify the symptoms and severity of anxiety and depression in patients admitted for the first time to an oncology setup. The specific objectives were to determine the psychological antecedents, i.e., severity and symptoms of anxiety and depression, and explore the differences in demographic antecedents, particularly gender. Methods: A total sample of 137 patients (69 males and 68 females) admitted for the first time to an oncology setup was included in the study. The data were collected using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A), and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). Purposive sampling technique was employed to recruit the participants. Results: Data analysis revealed the presence of symptoms of anxiety and depression among the participants, with varying severities. The results indicated that females exhibited higher levels of anxiety compared to males, while males showed higher levels of depression than females. Conclusion: This study provides evidence of the prevalence of anxiety and depression symptoms among patients undergoing initial oncology treatment. The findings highlight the importance of early identification and appropriate management of anxiety and depression in this patient population. Furthermore, the study demonstrates the gender differences in the levels of anxiety and depression, emphasizing the need for tailored interventions and support for both male and female patients.","PeriodicalId":16081,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Immunotherapy and Precision Oncology","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135400218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Herbal formulations in oral submucous fibrosis treatment – A narrative review","authors":"Sahana Shivakumar, GanigaChannaiah Shivakumar","doi":"10.4103/jpo.jpo_15_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jpo.jpo_15_23","url":null,"abstract":"This narrative review provides an overview of the use of herbal formulations in the treatment of oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF). OSMF is a potentially malignant disorder characterized by progressive fibrosis of the oral mucosa, resulting in restricted mouth opening and other debilitating symptoms. Conventional treatment options for OSMF are limited, and their effectiveness varies. Herbal formulations have gained attention as alternative and complementary treatment options for OSMF due to their perceived natural origin, minimal side effects, and potential therapeutic effects. These formulations typically consist of plant-derived ingredients with bioactive compounds that possess anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antifibrotic, and immunomodulatory properties. Various herbal ingredients, such as Aloe vera, curcumin, licorice, honey, and triphala, have been investigated for their potential efficacy in OSMF treatment. These ingredients have shown promise in targeting the underlying mechanisms involved in OSMF pathogenesis, including inflammation, fibrosis, oxidative stress, and immune dysregulation. Herbal formulations offer potential advantages in OSMF treatment. They may provide a holistic approach by addressing multiple aspects of the disease and promoting overall oral health. Herbal formulations also have the advantage of cultural acceptability and cost-effectiveness. To further advance our understanding of herbal formulations in OSMF treatment, well-designed clinical trials with standardized protocols and larger sample sizes are needed. In addition, the development of evidence-based guidelines for the use of herbal formulations in OSMF would aid health-care professionals in making informed treatment decisions. Herbal formulations have shown promise as potential treatment options for OSMF. While their efficacy and safety need further investigation, they offer a natural and holistic approach to OSMF management. Collaboration between researchers, clinicians, and regulatory bodies is essential to advance the research and ensure the safe and effective use of herbal formulations in OSMF treatment.","PeriodicalId":16081,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Immunotherapy and Precision Oncology","volume":"90 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135401840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Standardizing brain magnetic resonance imaging usin generative adversarial networks: A multisite study approach","authors":"Chaitanya Kulkarni, MS Dinesh, Andre Dekker, Leonard Wee","doi":"10.4103/jpo.jpo_16_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jpo.jpo_16_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) intensities vary across sites due to differences in acquisition protocols and hardware. Resolution also differs across centers. This hampers developing multisite deep learning models on MRI data. Objective: To standardize MRI intensities and resolution to enable multisite deep learning. Materials and Methods: T2-weighted brain MRI from 500 subjects across sites were split into training, validation and test sets. A generative adversarial network (GAN) model was developed to convert 64x64 low-resolution inputs to 256x256 standardized outputs. Preprocessing involved skull stripping, interpolation and intensity scaling. The generator used convolutional layers and residual blocks. Discriminator classified real/fake images. VGG perceptual loss was incorporated along with MSE and adversarial losses. Results: The GAN model achieved a structural similarity index of 0.9937 and feature similarity of 0.00122 versus ground truth. Intensity distribution was retained. The proposed pipeline reduced interpolation noise by 94% in extracted features. Conclusion: The proposed GAN pipeline can effectively standardize multisite brain MRI for intensity and resolution. By enabling multi-center data harmonization, this approach facilitates developing deep learning models through federated learning on MRI big data.","PeriodicalId":16081,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Immunotherapy and Precision Oncology","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135401844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sodium/iodide symporter analysis for prognostication and management in thyroglobulin-elevated negative iodine scintigraphy syndrome: Current advances and future prospects","authors":"Vishal Rao, Abhishek Mohanty, Bhargaw Ilapakruty, SateeshS Kunigal, KG Kallur","doi":"10.4103/jpo.jpo_12_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jpo.jpo_12_23","url":null,"abstract":"Well-differentiated thyroid cancers are typically managed with surgery followed by radioiodine ablation. These cancers often retain the ability to concentrate intracellular iodine. However, cancer cell dedifferentiation frequently confers radioiodine resistance, termed thyroglobulin-elevated negative iodine scintigraphy (TENIS) syndrome. Elucidation of the sodium/iodide symporter (NIS) mechanism that mediates active iodide transport has enabled advances in the pathophysiologic understanding and clinical management of TENIS syndrome. This review summarizes molecular cloning of the NIS gene and implications for thyroid biology. It highlights studies of NIS gene regulation across tissues and utilization of NIS as a reporter gene to restore radioiodine uptake in advanced thyroid cancers. Quantitative NIS expression analyses and correlations with radioiodine uptake are also discussed. Overall, this review underscores the vital role of NIS-mediated iodide transport in thyroid pathophysiology and modern radioiodine therapeutic paradigms for advanced thyroid cancers, including TENIS syndrome. Further research into mechanisms underlying differential NIS expression and therapeutic modulation of NIS activity is warranted.","PeriodicalId":16081,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Immunotherapy and Precision Oncology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135401609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nontobacco-related oral cancers: Is gut microbiome the missing link?","authors":"Radhika Lal, Sanah Tazeen, Shalini Thakur, VishalU S. Rao, Anand Subash","doi":"10.4103/jpo.jpo_4_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jpo.jpo_4_23","url":null,"abstract":"Head-and-neck cancer represents the 6th-most common malignancy worldwide and the annual incidence of oral cancer exceeds 3,000,000 new cases. Oral cancer is historically linked to well-known behavioral risk factors such as tobacco, smoking, and alcohol consumption.[1] In addition, several dietary factors, nutrition deficiencies, viruses, sexually transmitted infections, chronic irritation, and possibly genetic predisposition have also been associated with oral cancer.[2] Furthermore, several premalignant lesions and conditions such as leukoplakia, erythroplakia, oral submucous fibrosis, and lichen planus carry an increased risk for malignant transformation.[3] Additional risk factors such as chronic oral candidiasis, human papillomavirus, altered oral flora, chronic trauma, and infections also play an important role in disease progression.[4–9] In individuals with significantly lower risk factors and the absence of tobacco exposure, the role of Helicobacter pylori has been explored extensively in the literature. H. pylori is a known causative agent in gastric cancers, however, the exact correlation in oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is still debatable. H. pylori produces a potent cytotoxin vacuolating cytotoxin A that causes progressive vacuolization and gastric injury by disruption of endosomal and lysosomal activity in the host cells. These along with environmental and host genetic factors regulate chronic gastric injury and inflammation leading to gastric carcinogenesis.[10] However, it has been hypothesized that H. pylori causes cell damage and initiates the release of pro-inflammatory mediators that in turn stimulate the host immune system to release cytokines and oxygen radicals, facilitating carcinogenesis. Previous research has found a positive association between premalignant oral diseases and H. pylori infection.[11–14] In one study, 26.4% of observed cases were seropositive for H. pylori, with greater additive risk seen in those exposed to tobacco or alcohol in conjunction with H. pylori.[11] The presence of this bacterium is believed to alter the oral microbiome. The role of H. pylori as a risk factor for oral cancers has been supported by multiple other studies in the literature.[11–13] However, some studies like Meng et al.[14] have demonstrated a negative correlation, requiring further research to conclusively determine the relationship. The diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) including ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease is based on a combination of clinical, biochemical, stool examination, endoscopic, cross-sectional imaging, and histological investigations.[15] Besides the gastrointestinal tract, they are also characterized by various extraintestinal manifestations (EIMs), with at least one EIM affecting up to 63.4% of patients, including aphthous stomatitis in 21.6% of patients.[16] Oral lesions are more common in Crohn’s disease as compared to ulcerative colitis.[17] Although the exact pathogenesis of the oral ","PeriodicalId":16081,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Immunotherapy and Precision Oncology","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135401839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative evaluation of Aloe vera, curcumin, and lycopene in oral submucous fibrosis patients – A randomized controlled trial","authors":"Satyaprakash Nigam, Rupal Saxena, Sabhrant Singh, Ruchi Jain, Shaji Thomas","doi":"10.4103/jpo.jpo_13_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jpo.jpo_13_23","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is a potentially malignant disorder characterized by fibrosis of the oral mucosa. Various treatment modalities, including conventional interventions and natural products, have been explored for managing OSMF. This study aimed to compare the efficacy of Aloe vera, curcumin, and conventional intervention in Grade II OSMF patients. Materials and Methods: A randomized controlled trial was conducted with a total of 120 Grade II OSMF patients. They were randomly assigned to three treatment groups: A. vera group (n = 40), curcumin group (n = 40), and lycopene intervention group (n = 40). The primary outcomes assessed were mouth opening, symptom relief, and improvement in quality of life. Baseline measurements were recorded, and the interventions were administered for 12 weeks. Follow-up assessments were conducted at the end of the intervention period. SPSS 25.0 was used for data analysis. Results: All three treatment groups showed significant improvements in mouth opening and symptom relief. The lycopene group exhibited the highest mean increase in mouth opening, though not significant. There were no significant differences among the groups in terms of symptom relief. The interventions were generally well-tolerated, with no serious adverse events reported. Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that A. vera, curcumin, and conventional intervention are effective in improving the primary outcomes in Grade II OSMF patients. Both curcumin and A. vera showed promising results in terms of mouth opening and reduction in fibrotic bands. These natural products can be considered adjunctive therapies to conventional interventions for managing Grade II OSMF. Further research with larger sample sizes and longer follow-up periods is warranted to confirm these findings and optimize the treatment approach for OSMF.","PeriodicalId":16081,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Immunotherapy and Precision Oncology","volume":"116 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135401022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pain after head-and-neck cancer surgery: The need for multidisciplinary approach","authors":"KoiladaShiv Kumar, SRam Kiran","doi":"10.4103/jpo.jpo_8_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jpo.jpo_8_23","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16081,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Immunotherapy and Precision Oncology","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135401859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Interleukin-7 in the Formation of Tertiary Lymphoid Structures and Their Prognostic Value in Gastrointestinal Cancers.","authors":"Michael Brandon Ware,&nbsp;Alexandra A Wolfarth,&nbsp;Jack B Goon,&nbsp;Ugonna I Ezeanya,&nbsp;Swati Dhar,&nbsp;Sara Ferrando-Martinez,&nbsp;Byung Ha Lee","doi":"10.36401/JIPO-22-10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36401/JIPO-22-10","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Immunotherapies for the treatment of solid tumors continue to develop in preclinical and clinical research settings. Unfortunately, for many patients the tumor fails to respond or becomes resistant to therapies such as checkpoint inhibitors (CPIs) targeting programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1), programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), and cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4). In many cancers, failed response to CPIs can be attributed to poor T cell infiltration, dominant immunosuppression, and exhausted immune responses. In gastrointestinal (GI) cancers T cell infiltration can be dismal, with several reports finding that CD8⁺ T cells compose less than 2% of all cells within the tumor. Organized aggregates of lymphocytes, antigen-presenting cells, and vessels, together termed tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs), are hypothesized to be a major source of T cells within solid tumors. The intratumoral formation of these organized immune centers appears to rely on intricate cytokine and chemokine signaling to heterogeneous cell populations such as B and T cells, innate lymphoid cells, fibroblasts, and dendritic cells. In GI cancers, the presence and density of TLSs provide prognostic value for predicting outcome and survival. Further, TLS presence and density associates with favorable responses to CPIs in many cancers. This review highlights the prognostic value of TLSs in GI cancers, the role of the homeostatic cytokine interleukin-7 (IL-7) in TLS formation, and the induction of TLSs in solid tumors by novel therapeutics.</p>","PeriodicalId":16081,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Immunotherapy and Precision Oncology","volume":"5 4","pages":"105-117"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/6b/b1/i2590-017X-5-4-105.PMC9714415.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10372119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"WIN Symposium 2022 - Abstract Poster Presentations.","authors":"","doi":"10.36401/JIPO-22-X4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36401/JIPO-22-X4","url":null,"abstract":"scientific quality. The presenters contribute to rich discussions with the audience and are instrumental to the success of the meeting.","PeriodicalId":16081,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Immunotherapy and Precision Oncology","volume":"5 4","pages":"118-160"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/6d/12/i2590-017X-5-4-118.PMC9714420.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10738502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}