Journal of Health Research and Reviews最新文献

{"title":"Hemoglobin and serum ferritin concentration in anemic and nonanemic human immunodeficiency virus females in India","authors":"S. Kharb, M. Lallar, P. Ghalaut, J. Bala, M. Kumawat, S. Nanda","doi":"10.4103/JHRR.JHRR_90_16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/JHRR.JHRR_90_16","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: This study was planned to assess hemoglobin (Hb) and serum ferritin in anemic and nonanemic HIV females. Materials and Methods: The present prospective study was conducted during 2012–2013 in the department of biochemistry in collaboration with department of medicine (HIV clinic). In 200 seropositive females (age: 18–50 years) attending antiretroviral therapy clinic after routine gynecological and hematological investigations, CD4 count, serum iron, and ferritin were analyzed by chemiluminescence. Results were calculated by SPSS version 17. Student's t-test and regression analysis were done. Results: Hb showed a positive correlation with serum iron and ferritin and was statistically significant. Anemia occurs most commonly in these patients and indicates increased risk of mortality. Serum ferritin was correlated to CD4 cell counts indicating that level of HIV disease progression and viral load. Finding of high serum ferritin with high CD4 in the present study support to the role of inflammation in increased serum ferritin levels and high iron stores in HIV may have adverse events and effects. Conclusion: High ferritin levels in HIV patients suggest that redistribution of iron and decreased activity of erythropoietic cells is mainly responsible for anemia. Serum ferritin levels need to be evaluated carefully in HIV patients with advanced disease. Iron overload and adverse HIV related outcomes due to high iron exposure can be prevented by screening the iron status and stores in anemic HIV women. Also there is need of other effective strategies of locating other causes of anemia that should be adopted.","PeriodicalId":16068,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health Research and Reviews","volume":"25 1","pages":"22 - 25"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91515987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of morbidities and pattern of medication use among medical in-patients in a university teaching hospital South-South Nigeria","authors":"P. Akhideno, A. Isah, O. Fasipe","doi":"10.4103/JHRR.JHRR_96_17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/JHRR.JHRR_96_17","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: The pattern of morbidities in a setting often influences the pattern of medications prescribed. Intensified global efforts to improve the rational use of medications necessitated the development of medication use indicators. Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive, prospective study in which inpatients admitted into the internal medicine wards of a teaching hospital over a 9-month period between December 2015 and August 2016 were evaluated on specific days following admission using the World Health Organization-International Network for the Rational Use of Drugs (WHO-INRUD) prescribing indicators. Results: A total of 507 patients were evaluated; 269 patients (53.1%) were male, 238 patients (46.9%) were females, and their age range was 17–89 years. The most common morbidities among these inpatients were infectious diseases such as Malaria (18.9%) and HIV/AIDS (17.2%). The noninfectious disease conditions, diabetes mellitus (17%), and hypertension (16.8%) were next in prevalence. Most patients (412 patients; 81.3%) had more than one morbidity. The most commonly prescribed medications were 5% glucose in saline (300 patients; 59.2%), Vitamin B complex (257 patients; 50.7%), and furosemide (183 patients; 36.1%). The average number of medications prescribed per patient during admission was 9.1 ± 3.8 drugs, while the median number of medications used during admission was eight drugs. The percentage of medications prescribed by generic names was 85.6%, while 88.1% of medications were prescribed from the essential medicines list. Conclusion: The pattern of medication use was largely in-keeping and consistent with the pattern of morbidities despite confirmatory diagnosis and symptomatic treatment observed in most instances. This translates to rational and safer pharmacotherapy practices as the modified WHO-INRUD prescribing indicator will be a useful monitoring tool for rational medication prescriptions among inpatients.","PeriodicalId":16068,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health Research and Reviews","volume":"26 1","pages":"33 - 41"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74457937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of food and antacid on simvastatin bioavailability on healthy adult volunteers","authors":"K. Alakhali, E. Vigneshwaran, Mohammad Shaik","doi":"10.4103/JHRR.JHRR_36_17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/JHRR.JHRR_36_17","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: The current research work was framed to identify and estimate the changes in pharmacokinetic data for oral simvastatin 40 mg in healthy adult volunteers during fasting condition and with simultaneous administration of food and antacids at a frequent interval. Materials and Methods: Nine healthy Malaysian male adult volunteers recruited into the present study. If study participants had a history of any major disease, they were excluded from the study. This study comprised of three groups with a crossover design in three blocks. Prior and after intake of drug, the blood samples (10 ml) were withdrawn and transferred to labeled glass tubes at a frequent interval. The blood sample was processed and the obtained serum was quantified by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry method. Results: The pharmacokinetic data such as AUC0–24, Tmax, and Cmaxvalues were increased when the drug is administered along with drug or antacid. The elimination rate constant and volume of distribution do not found to have difference among the three groups. The t1/2of simvastatin was decreased when the drug is taken along with food but not with antacid or on empty stomach. The clearance of the drug is limited when the drug is administered along with antacid. Both antacid and food had the similar effect on simvastatin on various pharmacokinetic parameters such as AUC0–24, Cmax, Ke, Tmax, Cl, and Vd. Conclusion: The prolonged gastric residence time of simvastatin was produced by food and antacid by delaying gastric emptying which is offset by increased pH of the gastrointestinal tract. Thus, it leads to increased stability of lactone form of simvastatin and its absorption.","PeriodicalId":16068,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health Research and Reviews","volume":"34 1","pages":"26 - 32"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73178273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Schistosomiasis: A neglected tropical disease of poverty: A call for intersectoral mitigation strategies for better health","authors":"Kaliyaperumal Karunamoorthi, M. Almalki, K. Ghailan","doi":"10.4103/JHRR.JHRR_92_17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/JHRR.JHRR_92_17","url":null,"abstract":"Schistosomiasis (SCH) is one of the neglected tropical diseases, and it is endemic over 78 resource-constrained countries. It is one the indicator of poverty as it is often ubiquitous among the poorest of the poor. A total of 172 potential articles were identified through premier academic-scientific databases, and 86 were chosen. Human beings (permanent-host) are often exposed to infested water (urine/stools of infected persons) that harbor susceptible snails during their routine domestic and occupational activities. The cercaria (released by snails [intermediate-host]) infects people by penetrating into their skin. Currently, several multi-faceted interventions are underway to combat the SCH, namely, (a) potable water, (b) environmental diagnostics, (c) prophylactic chemotherapy with praziquantel, and (d) scaling up of snail control. Although in the recent decades tremendous strides have been made to minimize the disease burden, they are so feeble to eliminate the infection in several poverty-stricken settings. Female genital-SCH is also one of the key parasitic cofactors of HIV transmission. However, it remains neglected in terms of priority in allocating sufficient resources to develop next-generation tools, i.e., vaccine. Therefore, there are challenges lying ahead in achieving our ambitious goal of global elimination. Nevertheless, it can be attained through the recent medical-technological advancements as well as by strengthening the ongoing multi-pronged interventions such as (1) generating awareness, (2) continual surveillance, (3) early case-detection, (4) mass deworming, (5) increasing the research funds, (6) developing sensitive diagnostic tools, (7) prophylactic vaccines, and (8) therapeutic agents. Besides, the improved disease surveillance and response systems could pave the way to build an SCH-free world in the near future.","PeriodicalId":16068,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health Research and Reviews","volume":"44 1","pages":"1 - 12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74186811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The relationship between self-knowledge sources and mental disorders in Iranian population","authors":"S. Younesi, M. Rostami, M. Asl, J. Kazemi","doi":"10.4103/JHRR.JHRR_69_17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/JHRR.JHRR_69_17","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: The aim of this study was to study the relationship between self-knowledge sources and mental disorders in Iranian population. Materials and Methods: This study from the aspect of research design was an ex post facto study and from the aspect of method of collecting data was a survey study. The statistical population included all people between the ages of 20 and 60 years living in Tehran. A total of 800 people were selected using stratified sampling method. To collect data, Depression Anxiety Stress Scale 42 and Self-Knowledge Sources Scale were used. Results: The results showed that there is a significant and negative correlation between self-knowledge sources and depression, anxiety, and stress (P > 0.01). Also there is a significant and positive correlation between the subscales of Self Knowledge Sources with Depression, Anxiety and Stress (P > 0.01). Conclusion: According to the results of this study, any negligence and indulge in each of the sources of self-knowledge may associate the disorders at the individual level and generally at the social level.","PeriodicalId":16068,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health Research and Reviews","volume":"20 1","pages":"42 - 47"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81218790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiology of pediatric asthma in a Nigerian population","authors":"H. Akhiwu, M. Asani, Abdul-Wahab B. R. Johnson, M. Ibrahim","doi":"10.4103/JHRR.JHRR_114_16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/JHRR.JHRR_114_16","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Reports have identified a rising prevalence of bronchial asthma, with the highest pediatric burden in the 6–11 years old. Aim: This study aimed at determining the epidemiology of asthma among primary school pupils, aged 6–11 years in Kano metropolis. Settings and Design: This study was prospective, descriptive, cross-sectional study carried out among 811 primary school pupils in Kano metropolis from October 2012 to December 2013. Materials and Methods: Information was obtained using pretested questionnaires, and enlisted pupils had their spirometric values recorded. Diagnosis of asthma was based on two or more of the following: recurrent cough, especially nocturnal, recurrent wheeze, recurrent difficulty in breathing with a response to a bronchodilator, and spirometric features of airway obstruction. Statistical Analysis: The data were analyzed with SPSS version 16 using percentages, mean values, standard deviation, Chi-square test, Student's t-test, and multiple logistic regression. P value was significant at ≤0.05. Results: Asthma prevalence was 12.5%. The disease prevalence was comparable across ethnic groups and socioeconomic classes. Neither weight nor height differed significantly between the asthmatic and nonasthmatic pupils. Family history of asthma and physical stigmata of cutaneous atopy were significantly associated with the disease. Conclusions: The prevalence of bronchial asthma among the pupils studied suggests a current local disease burden that is comparable to those of communities in the industrialized countries. There is a need for improved health education and campaigns about the disease not only for Nigerians but also for other countries with the high prevalence.","PeriodicalId":16068,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health Research and Reviews","volume":"43 1","pages":"130 - 136"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74127100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correlation between hemoglobin concentration and hematocrit values in patients with temporomandibular joint ankylosis and nonankylosed patients","authors":"D. Osunde, Benjamin I. Akhiwu, Ku Omeje, O. Amole, A. Efunkoya","doi":"10.4103/JHRR.JHRR_118_16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/JHRR.JHRR_118_16","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) ankylosis causes distortion of the anatomy of the upper airway resulting in some form of airway obstruction. Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between TMJ ankylosis and hemoglobin and hematocrit levels. Settings and Design: This was a prospective comparative study of all consecutive patients with TMJ ankylosis who presented to the Oral and Maxillofacial Unit of the Teaching Hospital from January 2010 to December 2012. Materials and Methods: Information obtained included age, gender, types of ankylosis, etiology, duration of ankylosis as well as the hemoglobin and hematocrit values which were compared with age- and sex-matched nonankylosed patients. P ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Twenty patients aged 10–35 years (mean 20.8 ± 5.53) comprising 55.0% males and 45.0% females participated in the study. Bony ankylosis was the most common presentation (75.0%) while trauma (55.0%) was the most common etiologic factor. The mean duration of ankylosis was 9.05 ± 5.43. The mean hemoglobin concentration was 13.49 ± 1.67 and the mean hematocrit was 39.35 ± 5.63. There was a positive correlation between the duration of ankylosis and the hemoglobin concentration (r = 0.471, df = 17, P= 0.042) as well as the hematocrit values (r = 0.457, df = 17, P= 0.049). Both hematological parameters were found to be significantly higher than the values in the nonankylosed patients with a mean difference of 1.57 g/dl (P = 0.001) and 6.28% (P = 0.0001) for hemoglobin concentration and hematocrit values, respectively. Conclusion: Patients with TMJ ankylosis have higher values of hemoglobin concentration and hematocrit values than the nonankylosed individuals and these findings can be explored for the clinical benefit of patients.","PeriodicalId":16068,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health Research and Reviews","volume":"16 1","pages":"137 - 142"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75377827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Healers and healing practices of mental illness in India: The role of proposed eclectic healing model","authors":"R. Biswal, C. Subudhi, S. Acharya","doi":"10.4103/JHRR.JHRR_64_17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/JHRR.JHRR_64_17","url":null,"abstract":"Much of the debate on mental illness has centered on cultural difference as a way of dealing with the health-care practices. The varieties of health-care practices induce medical pluralism. In India, this medical pluralism can be observed through the assortments of healers and healing practices. The cultural determinism of any health-care practice comprises traditional or indigenous and modern health-care practices which are embedded in the health culture of country's healing system. This medical pluralism not only provides different forms of healing practices but also addresses different ways of perceiving, explaining, and managing the illness. Nevertheless, consultation with a particular healer is governed by a set of sociocultural beliefs, background of the patients along with the family members which has also been followed through the accessibility and availability of such healers. By exploring the dominance of different types of healers and their healing practices toward mental illness from the preexisting research in India, the present paper tries to show how health-care system in mental illness also represents the kaleidoscope of medical pluralism. Furthermore, the authors have proposed a new model the “eclectic healing model” of mental illness.","PeriodicalId":16068,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health Research and Reviews","volume":"48 1","pages":"89 - 95"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76196591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pattern of metabolic profile of latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) subgroup among type two diabetic patients attending tertiary health facility in Northern Nigeria","authors":"S. Muazu, I. Okpe, F. Anumah, A. Bakari","doi":"10.4103/JHRR.JHRR_3_17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/JHRR.JHRR_3_17","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: Insulin secretory defect, but not resistance, is the common feature of latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADAs), and insulin resistance is considered central in the pathophysiology of metabolic syndrome (MS). The aim of the study is to describe the pattern of the clinical and cardiometabolic characteristics of LADA in Northern Nigeria. Methods: This cross-sectional survey was conducted involving age- and sex-matched 48 LADA patients, 50 type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients, and 52 normal controls,. The clinical and physical characteristics including weight, height, waist circumference, hip circumference, and blood pressure measurements were performed. The body mass index (BMI) and waist–hip ratio were also determined. A fasting blood test was taken for glucose, lipids, HbA1c, c-peptide, and glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody (GADA) estimation. ELISA method (Kronus kit, USA) was used for GADA estimation, >5.0 units/ml was considered positive while c-peptide value of < 1.0 μ/ml is considered low. A clinical criterion for the diagnosis of LADA was used. The Modified International Diabetes Federation-ethnic criteria for classification of MS were used. The SPSS package version 20 was used to analyze the data with P < 0.05 as statistically significant level. Results: The mean ages for LADA and T2DM were 50.1 (11.3) and 51.2 (9.1) years, respectively, and the mean duration of disease was 6.1 (3.7) years in LADA and 7.0 (5.6) years in T2DM patients, P> 0.05. The BMI and WC were 22.1 (5.1) and 80.1 (12.4) cm for LADA and 27.3 (4.9) and 93.2 (10.9) cm for T2DM patients, respectively, P < 0.05. The LADA showed lower high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), triglyceride (TGD), and blood pressure values, while the T2DM group had a better glucose control. The prevalence of MS was 5.7%, 19%, and 68% for the normal, LADA, and T2DM groups, respectively. Conclusions: It was found in this study that LADA subset of diabetes exhibited metabolic features consistent with both defective insulin secretion and insulin resistance. They were found to be lean with low TGD and HDL-C levels.","PeriodicalId":16068,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health Research and Reviews","volume":"78 1","pages":"108 - 114"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87069228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The epidemiology of dengue viral infection in developing countries: A systematic review","authors":"Monica Singh, Arindam Chakraborty, Sanjay Kumar, Amod Kumar","doi":"10.4103/JHRR.JHRR_24_17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/JHRR.JHRR_24_17","url":null,"abstract":"Dengue is the fastest growing mosquito-borne viral infection and is prevalent in the tropical regions of the world. It causes a wide spectrum of illness from mild asymptomatic illness to severe fatal dengue hemorrhagic fever/dengue shock syndrome. Its impact today is thirty times >50 years ago. Global incidence of dengue has drastically upped in the last few years. According to the World Health Organization, there are about 390 million cases of dengue fever worldwide, and of the total number of cases, 96 million require medical treatment. Worldwide, it has been seen a doubling up of cases on dengue from 2015 to 2016 and it can cause infection in all age groups. As vaccines or antiviral drugs are not available for dengue viruses, the only effective way to prevent dengue is to control the mosquito vector, Aedes aegypti and prevent its bite.","PeriodicalId":16068,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health Research and Reviews","volume":"76 1","pages":"104 - 107"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88007618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}