Journal of Horticultural Research最新文献

{"title":"Evaluation of Terminalia glaucescens Chromatographic Fractions on Meloidogyne incognita Infecting Chili Pepper (Capsicum chinense)","authors":"O. Fabiyi","doi":"10.2478/johr-2021-0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/johr-2021-0006","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Nematodes are widespread organisms and pose a serious problem in vegetable production. The use of synthetic nematicides is a common method of bringing down the nematode population to increase crop yield. This has, however, brought about serious pollution to the environment. Leaves and twigs of Terminalia glaucescens were extracted in organic solvents and then chromatographed on a silica gel column. Chromatographic fractions obtained from the methanol and acetone crude extracts were characterized with UV-visible, FTIR, and GCMS and tested for their potential nematode suppressing activity in field micro plots. Spectroscopic analysis of the fractions revealed the presence of compounds such as aldehydes, acids, ketones, phenols, terpenes, hydrocarbons, and fatty acid esters. The extract fractions of T. glaucescens were applied at 100, 75, and 50 mg·ml−1 at 100 ml each and carbofuran at 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 kg a.i.·ha−1. The vegetative growth of pepper plants as well as the number and weight of fruits increased significantly in plants treated with the above-mentioned extract fractions. The protective role of fractions compared favorably with the synthetic nematicide (carbofuran). The most effective in reduction of the nematode population, and plant growth and yield was the highest concentration of 100 mg·ml−1. Thus, organic solvent extract fractions from T. glaucescens can serve as a biopesticide and an alternative to the environmentally hazardous synthetic nematicide.","PeriodicalId":16065,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Horticultural Research","volume":"29 1","pages":"67 - 74"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45555356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Scab Resistant Apple Cultivars for Juice Production","authors":"Monika Mieszczakowska-Frąc, W. Płocharski, D. Kruczyńska, J. Markowski","doi":"10.2478/johr-2021-0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/johr-2021-0004","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The purpose of this experiment was a selection of scab resistant apple cultivars suitable for juice production. Special attention was paid to cloudy juices. During three successive seasons, apple cultivars were processed into juices using laboratory method of juice extraction. Considering the possibility of both clear and cloudy juice production, apples were pressed with and without mash enzymation. The parameters investigated were: pressing yield, titratable acidity, soluble solids, juice density, and juices’ sensory characteristics. Average values indicate that all the cultivars fulfilled the requirements of the Code of Practice of the European Fruit Juice Association concerning investigated chemical components, however, in single years, there were some deviations that should be taken into consideration offering single cultivar juices. Considering a low yield of juice without mash enzymation (below 70%), cultivars ‘Renora’ and ‘Retina’ are not recommended for cloudy juice production. Sensory quality of juices, irrespectively if cloudy or clear, depended mostly on taste acceptability and in fact on soluble solids to acidity ratio. Juices with the ratio above 17 were usually scored higher concerning the taste than those with lower values. An example of exception was ‘Free Redstar’ which is highly astringent. Considering the efficiency of pressing and soluble solids content several investigated cultivars were highly suitable for concentrated apple juice production. Especially valuable may be considered ‘Regine’, ‘Rebella’, ‘Sawa’, and ‘Topaz’ and can be recommended for planting in industrial orchards, which became of special interest in recent years.","PeriodicalId":16065,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Horticultural Research","volume":"29 1","pages":"23 - 34"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42209909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chitosan Improves Morphological and Physiological Attributes of Grapevines Under Deficit Irrigation Conditions","authors":"H. Khalil, Rasha M. Badr Eldin","doi":"10.2478/johr-2021-0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/johr-2021-0003","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study aimed to estimate the morphological and physiological effects of chitosan foliar spray and/or three irrigation levels of 100%, 60%, and 40% of field capacity on grapevines grown in plastic containers to simulate water shortage conditions. The results showed that water irrigation deficit significantly reduced leaf area, trunk cross-sectional area, plant dry weight, root dry weight, relative chlorophyll content, leaf total carbohydrates, catalase activity, leaf midday water potential (ψ), relative water content (RWC), and crop evapotranspiration (ETc), but increased the proline content. Under well-watered condition, foliar-applied chitosan, in particular, 5 and 10 g·dm−3 increased plant growth and biomass production compared with untreated plants. Also, chitosan sprays during deficit irrigation conditions significantly improved plant tolerance to water deficit by enhancing the morphological and physiological parameters of grapevines. The results of this work suggest the opportunity to grow grapevines under deficit irrigation conditions using chitosan foliar spray. Increased plant biomass and root weight, and the positive impacts of chitosan as antitranspirant on increased ψ, RWC, and decreased ETc play the main role in drought stress avoidance mechanisms in grapevines raised under moderate deficit irrigation conditions.","PeriodicalId":16065,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Horticultural Research","volume":"29 1","pages":"9 - 22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48232315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Japanese Bulb Onion: Production, Consumption, and Cultivars","authors":"Yusuke Tsuchiya, Yusuke Nakamura, T. Mikami","doi":"10.2478/johr-2021-0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/johr-2021-0002","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Bulb onion is an ancient vegetable crop that has been cultivated for at least 5,000 years. In Japan, this cultivation has only 150 years of history, but nowadays, it ranks fourth in total production, fourth in cropping acreage, and second in consumption among vegetables grown domestically. Until the 1970s, open-pollinated onion cultivars were predominantly cultivated throughout the country; they were selected mainly from old US cultivars. Over the past three decades, these open-pollinated cultivars have been replaced with F1 hybrid cultivars that offer higher yield, better disease resistance, uniformity at maturity, and high bulb quality. In this review, an attempt is made to characterize the commercial production and consumption of Japanese bulb onion as well as agronomic characteristics of representative cultivars.","PeriodicalId":16065,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Horticultural Research","volume":"29 1","pages":"75 - 82"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44492536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Storage Temperature and Postharvest Tuber Treatment with Chemical and Biorational Inhibitors on Suppression of Sprouts During Potato Storage","authors":"W. W. Murigi, R. Nyankanga, S. Shibairo","doi":"10.2478/johr-2021-0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/johr-2021-0001","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Consumption of ware potatoes in the tropics may be enhanced by storage under conditions that inhibit sprouting, most important of which is the temperature. The effects of storage temperatures (10 °C and 23 °C) and two alternatives to the chlorpropham (CIPC): 1,4-dimethylnaphthalene (DMN) and peppermint oil (PMO), a biorational inhibitor, were evaluated for tuber sprout suppression at postharvest. Tubers of three cultivars – ‘Asante’, ‘Kenya Mpya’, and ‘Shangi’ – with different dormancy lengths were assessed. Storage temperatures and suppressant effects on tuber sprouting, sprout length and sprout numbers per tuber were investigated in replicated storage experiments. Significant differences in sprout inhibition were observed between the two temperatures with suppressive effects higher at 10 °C than in 23 °C. CIPC had the greatest suppressive effect on tuber sprout inhibition at both temperatures. After 24 weeks of storage, the suppressive effects of CIPC at 10 °C was 100% on the three cultivars, whereas all the nontreated tubers sprouted after six (‘Shangi’), twelve (‘Asante’), fourteen (‘Kenya Mpya’) weeks of storage. At 23 °C, the effectiveness of CIPC followed the dormancy period of the cultivars, with ‘Shangi’ recording significantly more sprouted tubers followed by ‘Asante’ and ‘Kenya Mpya’. The inhibition of sprouting by DMN and PMO varied with storage temperatures and cultivars, but were significantly greater than the nontreated tubers. At 10 °C, the effectiveness of DMN treatment was equal to that of CIPC for ‘Kenya Mpya’ resulting in 100% inhibition. In the PMO treatments, complete inhibition of sprouting was observed for 18 weeks on cultivars ‘Asante’, ‘Kenya Mpya’ and 14 weeks on ‘Shangi’. At 23 °C, PMO suppressed sprouts for 14 weeks on ‘Asante’ and ‘Kenya Mpya’ and on ‘Shangi’ for 8 weeks. Storage temperature effects on sprout length and numbers varied with inhibitor type and cultivar. These findings showed that in potato tuber storage, inhibitors can replace low temperature but to an extent depending on the cultivar dormancy character and storage length, thus enabling greater consumption of potatoes in tropical regions.","PeriodicalId":16065,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Horticultural Research","volume":"29 1","pages":"83 - 94"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42731876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of Microbial Consortium in the Production of China Aster and Gaillardia Seedlings","authors":"M. Fernandez, Nikhil Sai Nachu, Ashwin Revanna, J. Bagyaraj","doi":"10.2478/johr-2020-0026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/johr-2020-0026","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract China aster and gaillardia are flowering plants with high economic importance in floriculture. In the present investigation, response of China aster and gaillardia seedlings to inoculation with the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Funneliformis mosseae + the plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium Bacillus sonorensis was studied by growing in multipots (pro trays). The germination percentage and plant growth parameters: length of shoots, roots and whole seedlings, stem diameter, biovolume index, plant strength, vigor index, dry weight and nutrient uptake, were analyzed 60 days after sowing. The microbial parameters, mycorrhizal root colonization and spore count, and the population of B. sonorensis in the substrate were also determined. The results brought out that growth of inoculated seedlings was significantly improved as compared to uninoculated seedlings. Based on the plant growth and microbial parameters studied, it was concluded that inoculating the substrate in pro trays with the microbial consortium results in producing vigorously growing seedlings.","PeriodicalId":16065,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Horticultural Research","volume":"28 1","pages":"21 - 28"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43096010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maximizing Hybrid Seedlings Recovery and Early Identification of Highly Polyembryonic Acid Lime (Citrus aurantifolia Swing.) × Lemon (Citrus limon Burm.) Hybrids using SSR Markers","authors":"A. Dubey, Ankit Gupta, R. Sharma, N. Sharma","doi":"10.2478/johr-2020-0024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/johr-2020-0024","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Nucellar embryony is the major obstacle in getting hybrid seedlings in interspecific crosses in citrus. Hence, the present study was conducted to standardize embryo age, culture media for maximizing germination, and subsequent identification of simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers to differentiate the hybrids. A factorial experiment was conducted with three embryo ages – 80–90, 110–120, and 130–140 days after pollination (DAP). The germination of the rescued immature embryos of acid lime × lemon crosses was initiated on three different growing media. The fruits harvested at 130–140 and 80–90 DAP had a higher number of functional seeds (90%). Older embryos (130–140 DAP) and middle-aged embryos (110–120 DAP) germinated in 100% on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 500 mg·l−1 malt extract, 1.5 mg·l−1 gibberellic acid (GA3), and 0.02 mg·l−1 naphthalene acetic acid (NAA). MS medium supplemented with 500 mg·l−1 malt extract proved better for the germination of embryos taken at 80–90 DAP. Plantlet survival was the highest in younger embryos (80–90 DAP) cultured on MS basal medium (84.21%) and the lowest in older embryos cultured on MS medium supplemented with 500 mg·l−1 malt extract plus 1.5 mg·l−1 GA3 and 0.02 mg·l−1 NAA. The seedlings obtained from the culture 80–90 DAP had the highest root length (4.9 mm) and shoot length (5.3 mm) at 60 days after inoculation (DAI) on the above medium. SSR marker analysis revealed that CCSM-4 and CAC-33 markers expressed polymorphism between female and male parents, proving their ability to identify the hybrids of ‘Kagzi’ acid lime × ‘Konkan Seedless’ lemon.","PeriodicalId":16065,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Horticultural Research","volume":"28 1","pages":"43 - 52"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42741152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphological and Physiological Traits in Seedlings’ Populations Obtained from the Hybridization of Promising Genotypes of Quince (Cydonia oblonga Mill.)","authors":"M. Tatari, A. Jafari, Hojat Najafi Solari","doi":"10.2478/johr-2020-0018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/johr-2020-0018","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Some morphological and physiological traits of seedlings in eight quince populations from seeds obtained in 2015 (350 progenies per population) were evaluated in 2017 and 2018. They resulted from open pollination of ‘Viduja’, KVD2 and KVD4 genotypes as well as from the crossings of ‘Viduja’ × KVD4, KVD2 × ‘Viduja’, KVD2 × KVD4, KVD4 × ‘Viduja’ and KVD4 × KVD2. Populations showed significant differences in some measured traits, including height and diameter of seedlings, canopy width, annual growth, leaf iron, and chlorophyll content, as well as catalase and peroxidase activities. Based on the results of descriptive statistics, a high variation coefficient was observed in canopy width, peroxidase activity, chlorophyll, and iron content traits. Results of simple correlation showed that there were significant positive correlations between leaf iron content and catalase activity as well as canopy width with both annual growth and leaf length. Cluster analysis among populations based on total traits divided the populations into four distinct groups. The role of the female parents was visible in reciprocal crosses of ‘Viduja’ × KVD4 and KVD2 × KVD4, but all populations with similar female parents were not grouped in the same clusters.","PeriodicalId":16065,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Horticultural Research","volume":"28 1","pages":"53 - 60"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42448442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In vivo and in vitro Activity of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic Acid Oxidase in Germinating Seeds of China Aster (Callistephus chinensis Nees)","authors":"M. Chojnowski, A. Skorupińska","doi":"10.2478/johr-2020-0021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/johr-2020-0021","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The activity of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid oxidase (ACO; EC 1.4.3.3) in germinating seeds of Callistephus chinensis was studied. For maximum recovery of ACO activity in vitro, the presence of 10% (w/v) insoluble polyvinylpolypyrrolidone (PVPP) and 30% of glycerol in the extraction medium was necessary. The optimum pH for this activity was 7.0. Ethylene production by whole achenes or enzymatic extract increased due to increasing 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) concentrations. Saturation level of ACC for in vivo ACO activity was 10−1 M and Vmax was 10.89 nL C2H4·mg protein−1·h−1. For in vitro ACO activity, the saturation level of ACC was 10−3 M and Vmax was 2.299 nL C2H4·mg protein−1·h−1. Both, in vivo and in vitro ACO activities did not follow Michaelis-Menten kinetics. The Hill coefficients (h) were estimated on the basis of non-linear estimation. Their values were 0.63 for in vivo ACO activity and 1.73 for in vitro ACO activity. The experimental data show that ACO from C. chinensis seeds is an oligomeric enzyme with at least two active sites. During seed germination, in vitro ACO activity was detectable after 12 hours of imbibition, while in vivo ACC conversion to ethylene was observed after 24 h, i.e. – after radicle protrusion. The activity of ACO in C. chinensis seeds is associated with germination sensu stricto, and might be a good marker of this process.","PeriodicalId":16065,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Horticultural Research","volume":"28 1","pages":"11 - 20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41499726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vertical Production of ‘Konstancin’ Rose Cuttings in the Growth Chamber Under Led Light","authors":"B. Matysiak","doi":"10.2478/johr-2020-0020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/johr-2020-0020","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The impact of light quality generated by light-emitting diodes (LEDs) on the adventitious root formation and cuttings’ quality of rose hip ‘Konstancin’ under controlled conditions in multilevel growth chamber without access to natural light and in the greenhouse was evaluated. In the growth chamber, the lighting was provided by a combination of red and blue LED arrays and white LED tubes, while in the greenhouse, red and blue LED lights were used as a supplement to natural light. The number of rooted cuttings under both growth conditions was not affected by the light conditions generated by LEDs. However, light quality showed significant effects on the biomass production and development of adventitious roots, with the most stimulating red light generated by LEDs. In the growth chamber, the root biomass of the cuttings illuminated with white LEDs supplemented with red LEDs was on average 2.2 times higher than of the cuttings illuminated with white LEDs only. A similar reaction was noted under greenhouse conditions. Supplementation of natural light with red LEDs resulted in 1.7 times increase of the fresh biomass of roots. Both in the growth chamber and in the greenhouse, illumination with red LEDs promoted axillary bud outgrowth. LED lamps can be used in the production of high-quality rose cuttings, both in greenhouses as a complement to natural light and in multilevel rooms as a sole-source lighting for plants.","PeriodicalId":16065,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Horticultural Research","volume":"28 1","pages":"29 - 34"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45305506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}