Indian Association of Sedimentologists最新文献

{"title":"Provenance and Diagenetic Features of Sandstones in the Surma -Tipam Transitional Sequence exposed in the Schuppen Belt, Naga Hills, NE India","authors":"Borgohain P, Pandey N","doi":"10.51710/jias.v40iii.304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51710/jias.v40iii.304","url":null,"abstract":"The Schuppen Belt, a part of the Indo-Burma Ranges is basically comprised of molasses of Tertiary age. This tectono–stratigraphic belt is restricted by two major thrust faults, namely Disang and Naga. In the southern part of the Naga Hills a significant part is occupied by Surma–Tipam Transitional Sequences (STTS). This study deals with the petrography, provenance, and tectonic setting of the STTS sandstones. The sandstones are classified as arkose and arkosic wacke types. The major contribution of detritus has been observed from the recycled orogen, dissected arc, transitional continental and basement uplift. The geochemistry data reveals that the sandstones were derived from a collisional setting of an active continental margin. The low degree of chemical maturity indicates that the sandstones were deposited in an arid climatic condition. The diagenetic signatures observed in these sandstones such as, point, long and concavo-convex grain boundary, albitization, crushing and squashing of quartz grains, warping of mica around detrital grains, and bending of mica suggest early to a late stage deep burial diagenesis.","PeriodicalId":159349,"journal":{"name":"Indian Association of Sedimentologists","volume":" 74","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139137758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microtextures and trapped diatoms on quartz grain surfaces in the Acapulco Beach, Mexican Pacific: An insight into palaeoenvironment","authors":"John S Armstrong Altrin, V. Balaram, Mayla A. Ramos‐Vázquez, J. Madhavaraju, Sanjeet K Verma4, Rathinam Arthur James","doi":"10.51710/jias.v40iii.328","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51710/jias.v40iii.328","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, we report Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) images of quartz grains in the Acapulco beach, Mexican Pacific. The morphology of quartz grains is angular, sub-angular, sub-rounded, rounded, and well-rounded. The variations in the morphology of quartz grains are indicating both nearby and distance sources. The rounded and well-rounded grains support for a long transport distance and a distal source. Microtextures of mechanical and chemical origins are identified in quartz grains. The mechanical features include, bulbous edges (ble), elongated depression (ed), parallel striations, crater, meandering ridges (mr), arcuate steps, conchoidal fractures (cf), v-shaped marks (v-s), and broken grain. These mechanical features indicate the combination of fluvial, aeolian, and subaqueous environments. The conchoidal fractures are characteristic of crystalline rocks. Arcuate steps and meandering ridges are indicating a high wave energy. The striations on grain surfaces are due to collision between two grains, probably during an aeolian transport. The chemical features include adhered particles (ap), solution pit (sp), silica globule, crystal overgrowth (crg), precipitation, and trapped diatoms. The solution pits and precipitation are indicating the diagenetic processes in a silica saturated coastal environment. A few grains are associated with both mechanical and chemical features, suggesting a dual environment, probably littoral and marine. Trapped diatoms identified in quartz grains are Cocconeis guttata and coccolith.","PeriodicalId":159349,"journal":{"name":"Indian Association of Sedimentologists","volume":" 52","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139137847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Landslide susceptibility assessment along the National Highway-244 from Batote to Doda, J & K, India: A study based on the Frequency Ratio Method","authors":"Yudhbir Singh, Muzamil Liaqat, Shifali Chib, Bashir Ahmad Lone, S. Johar, Arvind Bhutiyal","doi":"10.51710/jias.v40iii.326","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51710/jias.v40iii.326","url":null,"abstract":"The National Highway-244 is highly susceptible to landslide occurrences, frequently resulting in road blockades and causing significant hardships for the local population. These landslides pose a threat to human lives, property and the environment, leading to substantial losses. In this study, an attempt has been made to carry out landslide susceptibility assessment through frequency ratio method along the National Highway-244 utilizing GIS and statistical computations. It considers eight parameters, which include topographical (slope, slope aspect, slope curvature, hill shade, and relief), anthropogenic (distance to road and distance to river) and geological parameters that mostly influence the occurrence of landslides in the area under investigation. The present study focuses only along National Highway-244 and data has been gathered from field visits and secondary sources. The results of the study inferred that the area under investigation falls into different susceptibility zones, namely very high, high, moderate, low, and very low, covering approximately 15%, 31%, 27%, 19%, and 8%, respectively of the total area. This study reveals that a considerable proportion, around 73%, of the study area falls within very high to moderate susceptibility zones. The conclusions drawn from this study hold significant implications for stakeholders and also provide valuable insights for future planning and infrastructure development, enabling them to make informed decisions. By considering the susceptibility zones identified in this study, stakeholders can implement appropriate measures to mitigate the impact of landslides, ensuring the safety and stability of the region.","PeriodicalId":159349,"journal":{"name":"Indian Association of Sedimentologists","volume":" 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139138749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Textural characteristics and distribution of ostracoda in core sediments from the Gadilam river estuary, Cuddalore, Tamil Nadu, southeast coast of India","authors":"Elumalai K, Ramachandran A, Hussain S M, Stephen Pitchaimani V","doi":"10.51710/jias.v40iii.324","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51710/jias.v40iii.324","url":null,"abstract":"To know the distribution of brackish water Ostracoda and to investigate the sediment characteristics, a core (105 cm) has been collected from the Gadilam river estuary and it was sub-sampled into 21 samples at 5 cm width regular interval. All the sediment samples were analyzed as per standard micropaleontological techniques in order to investigate the distribution and occurrence of ostracod fauna. A total of 27 ostracod taxa belonging to 16 genera, 12 families, 3 superfamilies and 2 sub-order of the order Podocopida, have been identified based on published articles Throughout the core (from top to bottom) the calcareous forms were noticed. The ostracod species Kalingella mckenziei and Jankeijcythere mckenziei are widely distributed in the core and they outnumbered the rest of the species. The faunal assemblages recorded are tropical, brackish to neritic (shallow marine) and benthic in nature (Hemicytheridea paiki, Hemicytheridea bhatiai, Jankeijcythere mckenziei, Kalingella mckenziei, Neosinocythere dekrooni, Paijenborchellina sp., Stigmatocythere indica and Tanella gracilis). In the analyzed core, there is no faunal assemblage at the depth between 80-85 and 95-105 cm. The sediment characteristics such as calcium carbonate, organic matter and sand-silt-clay ratio also determined and correlated with the observed ostracod populations. Based on the detailed study, it is noticed that high calcium carbonate and low organic matter of the sediment are congenial for population abundance. From the overall distribution of Ostracoda in all the subsamples, siltysand is found to an accommodative substrate for the prosperity of Ostracoda. The statistical aspect of ostracod carapace-valve ratio has been studied to identify the rate of sedimentation which infers a faster rate of deposition of sediments in the Gadilam River estuary.","PeriodicalId":159349,"journal":{"name":"Indian Association of Sedimentologists","volume":" 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139141584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Petrography and geochemistry of the Upper Cretaceous Gryphaea Limestones, Kallankurichi Formation, Ariyalur Group, Trichinopoly, Southern India: Implication for palaeoenvironment","authors":"M. Senthiappan, V. Pitchaimani, A. V. Udayanapillai, Perumal Velmayil, B. Sundaram, G. Ramalingam, John S Armstrong Altrin","doi":"10.51710/jias.v40iii.309","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51710/jias.v40iii.309","url":null,"abstract":"Sub-surface Kallankurichi gryphaea limestone formation is observed between Archaean and Quaternary outcrops. Petrographic observation reveals that mega fossils are absent and it contains abundant skeletal fragments of pelecypods, gastropods, foraminifera, bryozoa, and symbiotic algae. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses reveal the mineralogical components of both carbonate and clay minerals. Carbonate minerals include calcite, siderite, witherite, malachite, smithsonite, and rhodochrosite. Clay minerals detected are kaolin, montmorillonite, and palygorskite. Major element composition represents predominance of CaO, SiO2, Al2O3, and Fe2O3 oxides, while MgO, MnO, Na2O, K2O, TiO2, and P2O5 oxides are depleted. Statistical analyses of correlation coefficient, principal component analysis, and cluster analysis represent the geochemical affinities and aerial distribution similarities among major elements. Palaeoclimate inferred through biotic proxies, major element geochemistry, and clay minerals represents arid and semi-arid climate.","PeriodicalId":159349,"journal":{"name":"Indian Association of Sedimentologists","volume":" 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139139534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Texture and major element geochemistry of channel sediments in the Orsang and Hiren River Basins, Gujarat, India: Implications for provenance and weathering","authors":"Keshwala Nikunj, Maurya Shivam, Gurav Chandrakant A, More Laxman","doi":"10.51710/jias.v40iii.310","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51710/jias.v40iii.310","url":null,"abstract":"Size, shape, degree of sorting, and composition of sediments in the river channels are controlled by climate, lithology, weathering, sorting, and medium of transportation. The present investigation is focused on the grain-size and geochemical analysis of the channel sediments of the Orsang and Hiren river basins. Major outcrops in the study area are Archaean granites, granitic gneisses, Upper Cretaceous to lower Eocene Deccan Volcanic Basalts (DVB), Quaternary sediments and minor proportion of Proterozoic low grade metamorphic rocks. The sediments are poorly to moderately sorted, very finely skewed, suggesting its derivation from heterogenous sources, while the kurtosis value indicates a high-energy depositional environment. The sediments are with gravelly sand texture and the mean grain size is varying from 581.9µm to 1284.2µm. The DVB provenance of the Hiren river basin and granitic provenance of the Orsang river basin is clearly reflected in the texture and geochemical composition of sediments. The TiO2 and Fe2O3 contents of sediments from the Hiren river basin are distinctly higher and are comparable to the basalts of the Saurashtra region of the Deccan Province. Sediments collected after Orsang and Hiren rivers confluence and from Narmada river show higher concentration of felsic sources, indicating that Orsang river's sediment supply significantly outweighs Hiren rivers. The arkosic-litharenite nature points towards less transportation and moderate chemical weathering for the Orsang river sediments. The low Chemical Index of Alteration (CIA) values (Avg. 48.45 and 56.99 for Orsang and Hiren rivers, respectively) and A-CN-K plot also suggest the supply of sediments from minimally weathered detritus under a semi-arid condition.","PeriodicalId":159349,"journal":{"name":"Indian Association of Sedimentologists","volume":" 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139139054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Life and Travails of J. Robert Oppenheimer, the Nuclear Scientist","authors":"G. Shanumugam","doi":"10.51710/jias.v2ii.341","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51710/jias.v2ii.341","url":null,"abstract":"‘Oppenheimer’ is a 2023 epic, biographical film about an American theoretical physicist Julius Robert Oppenheimer. He is considered the “father of the atomic bomb”. The film is brilliantly written and directed by Christopher Nolan. The film, based on the 2005 biography “American Prometheus” by Kai Bird and Martin J. Sherwin, chronicles the complex and consequential career of J. Robert Oppenheimer. The story begins with Oppenheimer's postgraduate studies at the University of Cambridge (England) and at the University of Göttingen (Germany), details his direction of the Manhattan Project during World War II in developing nuclear weapons at the Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) in New Mexico (USA), and ends with his eventual fall from grace due to his 1954 security hearing based on the false premise that J. Robert Oppenheimer was a communist spy who was passing secret information on nuclear research to the Soviet Union. Nolan’s ‘Oppenheimer’ is the pinnacle of movie making. Nolan has delicately interwoven the intricate domains of quantum physics, human ingenuity, cruel politics, morality, legality, and ethics into a timely masterpiece and into an explosive emotional thriller. The four principal cast members (1) Cillian Murphy as J. Robert Oppenheimer, (2) Emily Blunt as Katherine \"Kitty\" Oppenheimer (wife), (3) Matt Damon as Gen. Leslie Groves, and (4) Robert Downey Jr. as Lewis Strauss perform their role flawlessly. Murphy, in particular, uncannily acts and resembles the real─life J. Robert Oppenheimer. In addition, the performances by Florence Pugh as Jean Tatlock and by Tom Conti as Albert Einstein are superb. The story is told in alternating black and white (Strauss’ version of events) and color (Oppenheimer’s version of events) scenes. The haunting musical score by Ludwig Göransson synchronizes perfectly with the movie plot. When the bomb explodes at the Trinity climax scene, the sound goes totally silent! Oppenheimer’s story is the real─life vindication of the truth after 68 years (1954─2022). A must watch Nolan’s thriller for this Nuclear Age! Thus, the said movie has triggered me to make an attempt to comprehensively capture the chronology of events covering 153 years of history (1870─2023) associated with J. Robert Oppenheimer, some events not covered in the movie plot is included in this review article with 48 Figures and 8 Appendixes. The purpose is to permanently etch in history the scientific contributions made by J. Robert Oppenheimer and by his colleagues at the Manhattan Project, which not only ended the World War II, but also sprung open a new world of freedom for humanity. Let there be no doubt that J. Robert Oppenheimer was a genuine patriotic American of our time and therefore, my only fervent hope is that our generation acknowledges, remembers, and admires their contributions and sacrifices, without which the fragile freedom that we enjoy today, even after 80 years later, would not have been possible. His legacy is one of his","PeriodicalId":159349,"journal":{"name":"Indian Association of Sedimentologists","volume":" 15","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139142272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of transgression on sedimentation system vis-à-vis coastal erosion on the Chandipur coast, Odisha, India","authors":"Bikas Saha, P. Samanta, Soumik Mukhopadhyay, Patrick G Eriksson","doi":"10.51710/jias.v40ii.276","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51710/jias.v40ii.276","url":null,"abstract":"There has been a decade-long debate about global warming and its far-reaching effect on sea level rise. However, little attention has so far been given to the effects of transgression in sedimentation systems. The present paper deals with the effects of transgression on sedimentation dynamics of a meso - to micro -tidal coastal environment. The sediment characteristics, flow dynamics, current flow patterns giving rise to facies of the individual environments have been analysed in detail. Shallow vertical trenches excavated in different parts of the coastal area elucidated facies characteristics and shifting of facies in response to transgression. The temporal variation in facies gave rise to a facies model that can be used as an authenticated tool for interpreting similar ancient environments. The coastal erosion resulting from on-going transgression and other short-term causes has also been evaluated with the help of facies mapping for last ~15 years and modifications in geomorphic features along and across the coastline. The coastal erosion concomitant with anthropogenic interventions cause serious stress on biological inhabitants of coastal areas. Coastal conservation and management studies will help in protecting further degradation of coastal areas and also help to maintain the biodiversity and ecosystem.","PeriodicalId":159349,"journal":{"name":"Indian Association of Sedimentologists","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139367045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geoengineering properties of the Sandstones of Upper Murree Formation, Jammu and Kashmir: A case study","authors":"Yudhbir Singh, A. Haq, S. Pandita, Bashir Ahmad Lone, Arjun Singh","doi":"10.51710/jias.v40ii.295","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51710/jias.v40ii.295","url":null,"abstract":"Sandstones play a vital role in various geotechnical and civil engineering applications. Understanding the relationship between its petrographic characteristics and geoengineering properties is crucial for reliable design and construction practices. This paper provides a concise overview of the research investigating the relation between the petrographic characteristics and corresponding geoengineering properties of upper Murree sandstone. The Murree Group consists of mudstones and sandstones, which are exposed linearly in the Outer Himalayan belt of Jammu and Kashmir. The sandstones of Murree are the only source of aggregate or building material in this region. The petrographic analysis of the samples revealed that the sandstone is of coarse to fine-grained, stably cemented, unweathered to slightly weathered and having medium strength. These rocks show fractured as well as intergranular porosity whereas, the grains are showing floating contacts, line contacts, point contacts and concavo-convex contacts. Preliminary findings of this study reveal that mineral composition, texture, fabric and the deformation of these sndstones significantly influence their geoengineering behavior. The higher concentration of quartz is an example of such behavior which generally leads to improved strength and lower deformability and on the contrary, higher concentration of clay and mica contribute to decreased strength and increased deformability. In present study, negative correlation between the porosity and compressive strength and positive correlation between cementation and strength of these rocks has been observed.","PeriodicalId":159349,"journal":{"name":"Indian Association of Sedimentologists","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139367685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geochemistry of Neoproterozoic Nagod Limestones from the Girgita Mine, Bhander Group, Madhya Pradesh, India","authors":"Ravendra Singh, Gyanendra Pratap Singh, H. U. Usmani","doi":"10.51710/jias.v40ii.277","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51710/jias.v40ii.277","url":null,"abstract":"Vindhyan limestone of the Bander Group (Late Neoproterozoic) in the Maihar area, Satna district, is a part of an anticlinal fold and it forms an outlier in the study area. Geochemical analysis reveals that the proportion of Rare Earth Elements (REEs; La-Lu) in limestones varies between 14.8 ppm and 49.5 ppm. The Eu and Ce anomalies (normalized against Post Archean Australian Shale; PAAS) range from ~ 0.53 to 0.69 and ~ 0.57 to 1.07, respectively. The results of this study revealed that the limestones were principally controlled by the admixture of detrital materials, i.e., (i) The low values of REEs (ii) high values of Y/Ho (iii) positive correlation between REEs and Si, Al, Ti, V, Co, Ni, and Nb, and (iv) slightly negative correlation between CaO and REEs. Further, the variations in Ce anomaly may be due to the influx of detrital materials and positive Ce anomaly was attributable to the shallow marine depositional condition. The distribution of REEs (Chondrite normalized values) illustrates different patterns in the Nagod limestone due to the degree of differentiation in terms of LREEs and HREEs and Eu anomaly. The variations in elemental concentrations and the REE patterns revealed the mixing of detrital materials in the Nagod limestones.","PeriodicalId":159349,"journal":{"name":"Indian Association of Sedimentologists","volume":"190 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139367092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}