Petrography and geochemistry of the Upper Cretaceous Gryphaea Limestones, Kallankurichi Formation, Ariyalur Group, Trichinopoly, Southern India: Implication for palaeoenvironment

Indian Association of Sedimentologists Pub Date : 2023-12-30 DOI:10.51710/jias.v40iii.309

M. Senthiappan, V. Pitchaimani, A. V. Udayanapillai, Perumal Velmayil, B. Sundaram, G. Ramalingam, John S Armstrong Altrin

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Abstract

Sub-surface Kallankurichi gryphaea limestone formation is observed between Archaean and Quaternary outcrops. Petrographic observation reveals that mega fossils are absent and it contains abundant skeletal fragments of pelecypods, gastropods, foraminifera, bryozoa, and symbiotic algae. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses reveal the mineralogical components of both carbonate and clay minerals. Carbonate minerals include calcite, siderite, witherite, malachite, smithsonite, and rhodochrosite. Clay minerals detected are kaolin, montmorillonite, and palygorskite. Major element composition represents predominance of CaO, SiO2, Al2O3, and Fe2O3 oxides, while MgO, MnO, Na2O, K2O, TiO2, and P2O5 oxides are depleted. Statistical analyses of correlation coefficient, principal component analysis, and cluster analysis represent the geochemical affinities and aerial distribution similarities among major elements. Palaeoclimate inferred through biotic proxies, major element geochemistry, and clay minerals represents arid and semi-arid climate.

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印度南部 Trichinopoly 的 Ariyalur 组 Kallankurichi Formation 上白垩世 Gryphaea 灰岩的岩相学和地球化学：对古环境的影响

在古生代和第四纪露头之间观察到地表下的 Kallankurichi gryphaea 石灰岩层。岩相学观察显示，这里没有巨型化石，但含有大量的卵足类、腹足类、有孔虫、贝类和共生藻的骨骼碎片。X 射线衍射（XRD）分析显示了碳酸盐矿物和粘土矿物的矿物成分。碳酸盐矿物包括方解石、菱铁矿、菱铁矿、孔雀石、铁石棉和菱铁矿。检测到的粘土矿物有高岭土、蒙脱石和辉绿岩。主要元素组成以 CaO、SiO2、Al2O3 和 Fe2O3 氧化物为主，而 MgO、MnO、Na2O、K2O、TiO2 和 P2O5 氧化物较少。相关系数、主成分分析和聚类分析等统计分析体现了主要元素之间的地球化学亲缘关系和空中分布相似性。通过生物代用指标、主要元素地球化学和粘土矿物推断的古气候代表了干旱和半干旱气候。

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Indian Association of Sedimentologists

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