Journal of Gastrointestinal Cancer最新文献

{"title":"Comparative Cost-Effectiveness of Gemcitabine and Cisplatin in Combination with S-1, Durvalumab, or Pembrolizumab as First-Line Triple Treatment for Advanced Biliary Tract Cancer.","authors":"Munenobu Kashiwa, Hiroyuki Maeda","doi":"10.1007/s12029-024-01106-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12029-024-01106-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The clinical effectiveness of triple chemotherapy consisting of gemcitabine, cisplatin plus either S-1 (GCS), durvalumab (DGC), or pembrolizumab (PGC) as first-line treatment for advanced biliary tract cancer (BTC) has been reported. However, their comparative cost-effectiveness is unclear. We conducted a model-based cost-effectiveness analysis from the perspective of Japanese healthcare payer.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A 10-year partitioned survival model was constructed by comparing the time-dependent hazards of the KHBO1401-MITSUBA, TOPAZ-1, and KEYNOTE-966 trials. The cost and utility came from previously published reports. Quality-adjusted life years (QALY) were used to measure the effects on health. Costs for direct medical care were taken into account. There was a one-way analysis and a probability sensitivity analysis. A willingness-to-pay threshold of 7.5 million yen (57,034 USD) per QALY was defined.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The incremental costs per QALY for GCS, DGC, and PGC in the base case study were 3,779,374 JPY (28,740 USD), 86,058,056 JPY (65,4434 USD), and 28,982,059 JPY (220,396 USD), respectively. No parameter had an influence beyond the threshold in a one-way sensitivity analysis. A probabilistic sensitivity analysis revealed that the probability of GCS, DGC, and PGC being cost-effective at the threshold was 85.6%, 0%, and 0%, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Given the current circumstances, it is probable that triple therapy utilizing GCS will emerge as a plausible and efficient primary chemotherapy strategy for patients with advanced BTC in the Japanese healthcare system, as opposed to DGC and PGC.</p>","PeriodicalId":15895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Gastrointestinal Cancer","volume":" ","pages":"1569-1580"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142017728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Both Th1 and Th2 CD4 + T-Cell Lineage Infiltrations Decrease in Post-hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Colon Adenoma.","authors":"Yasuo Matsubara, Yasunori Ota, Tamami Denda, Yukihisa Tanaka, Masamichi Isobe, Seiko Kato, Takaaki Konuma, Satoshi Takahashi, Yoshihiro Hirata, Hiroaki Ikematsu, Keisuke Baba, Narikazu Boku","doi":"10.1007/s12029-024-01097-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12029-024-01097-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>As long-term survival improves after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), the risk for secondary solid cancers, including colon cancer, also increases. However, the pathogenesis of secondary solid cancers in post-HSCT patients remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the involvement of local immunity in colon carcinogenesis in post-HSCT patients by assessing the infiltrating T cells in colon adenomas as premalignant lesions of colon cancer in adenoma-carcinoma sequence.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Colon adenoma samples obtained from 19 post-HSCT patients and 57 non-HSCT participants were analyzed via immunohistochemistry. Double staining of CD4/T-bet, CD4/GATA3, and CD4/FoxP3 was performed for evaluation of helper T-cell lineages (Th1, Th2, and regulatory T cells, respectively) and CD8 staining for CD8⁺ T cells.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were no significant between-group differences in the number of infiltrating CD4⁺ T cells and CD8⁺ T cells in adenomas. However, the number of both CD4⁺/T-bet⁺ and CD4⁺/GATA3⁺ T cells was significantly lower in the post-HSCT adenomas than in the non-HSCT adenomas (P = 0.0171 and 0.0009, respectively), whereas no significant differences were found in the number of CD4⁺/FoxP3⁺ cells.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Although the number of infiltrating CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cells, and even Treg cell counts, is sufficiently recovered post-HSCT, CD4⁺ T-cell dysfunction due to suppressed activation and differentiation in colon adenomas might be involved in colon carcinogenesis in post-HSCT patients. Elucidating the pathogenesis will contribute to the development of effective screening and prevention programs for secondary colon cancer in post-HSCT patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":15895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Gastrointestinal Cancer","volume":" ","pages":"1551-1558"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142000092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Outcomes and Prognostic Factors of Patients with Unresectable or Metastatic Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Undergoing Immunotherapy- Versus Chemotherapy-Based Regimens: Systematic Review and Pooled Analyses.","authors":"Giuseppe A Colloca, Antonella Venturino","doi":"10.1007/s12029-024-01100-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12029-024-01100-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Immunotherapy-based regimens (IMT) versus cytotoxic chemotherapy (CHT) improved overall survival (OS) of patients with unresectable or metastatic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (mESCC), but the role of prognostic variables is unclear. The study aims to explore the interaction of prognostic factors with survival after IMT or CHT.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic review was performed to select trials comparing IMT and CHT regimens in mESCC patients. A meta-analysis of upfront IMT + CHT vs. CHT trials evaluated the overall effect size and heterogeneity between studies. In view of the expected differences between chemotherapy and immunotherapy on the survival curve, to better explore the effect of any prognostic variables on OS, before and after progression, the treatment arms were evaluated as independent cohorts, and ten baseline variables were extracted and assessed by linear regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fourteen trials were identified. Seven studies compared upfront CHT + IMT vs. CHT documenting longer OS for CHT + IMT (HR 0.69, CI 0.65-0.72), without heterogeneity (Q = 1.43, p value = 0.968) or differences in the most represented subgroups. Twenty-nine study cohorts were selected from the 14 trials. Median OS and PPS, but not PFS, were significantly increased after IMT compared with CHT. The analysis of baseline variables after CHT documented a favorable prognostic effect for advanced age (β = 0.768, p value = 0.016), involvement of 0-1 metastasis sites (β = 0.943, p value = 0.005), and absence of previous radiation therapy (β =  - 0.939, p value = 0.006), while none of them influenced prognosis after IMT.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The introduction of upfront IMT prolonged mESCC patients OS, mostly improving the outcomes of young patients, with multiple metastasis sites and without previous radiotherapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":15895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Gastrointestinal Cancer","volume":" ","pages":"1541-1550"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141995854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy and Safety of Metronomic Capecitabine in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.","authors":"Nandini Gupta, Neelkant Verma, Bhoomika Patel","doi":"10.1007/s12029-024-01103-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12029-024-01103-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objective: </strong>Metronomic capecitabine has been found to be useful in several types of cancers such as pancreatic cancer, breast cancer, gastrointestinal cancers, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, and metastatic colorectal cancer. This unique systematic literature review and meta-analysis was undertaken to assess the effectiveness and safety of metronomic capecitabine as a treatment regimen for hepatocellular carcinoma.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A systematic search of major databases was performed. Eight studies that dealt with the use of metronomic capecitabine for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) were selected, seven were non-randomized control trials (n-RCTs), and one was a randomized control trial (RCT). Meta-analysis of these studies was performed using Review Manager v5.3 and STATA 15.1 software. The pooled prevalence of overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), overall response rate (ORR), grade 1-2 adverse events (grade 1-2 AEs), grade 3-4 adverse events (grade 3-4 AEs) was determined, including publication bias and sensitivity analysis.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>Eight studies met the inclusion criteria, combining the pooled data of 476 patients from safety and efficacy studies. The pooled prevalence of disease control rate (DCR) and overall response rate (ORR) achieved with metronomic capecitabine was 36% (95% CI 32-41) and 7% (95% CI 5-9) respectively. The median progression-free survival (PFS) and median overall survival (OS) were 3.57 months (95% CI 3.29-3.85) and 11.75 months (95% CI 10.56-12.95) respectively. The incidence of grade 3-4 adverse events (grade 3-4 AEs) and grade 1-2 adverse events (grade 1-2 AEs) was 38% (95% CI 32-44) and 73% (95% CI 67-79) respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This meta-analysis highlights metronomic capecitabine as a potential treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in the advanced stage. However, effective management of capecitabine's side effects is essential.</p>","PeriodicalId":15895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Gastrointestinal Cancer","volume":" ","pages":"1485-1497"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142004323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Liver Oligometastasis in Biliary Tract Cancer and Impact on Survival Outcomes.","authors":"Takeshi Okamoto, Tsuyoshi Takeda, Takashi Sasaki, Yosuke Inoue, Takafumi Mie, Tatsuki Hirai, Takahiro Ishitsuka, Manabu Yamada, Hiroki Nakagawa, Takaaki Furukawa, Akiyoshi Kasuga, Masato Ozaka, Yu Takahashi, Naoki Sasahira","doi":"10.1007/s12029-024-01098-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12029-024-01098-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Outcomes of unresectable biliary tract cancer (BTC) with varying extents of liver involvement remain unclear. We evaluated characteristics and outcomes of BTC patients with liver metastases who underwent chemotherapy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We retrospectively reviewed consecutive BTC patients with synchronous or metachronous intrahepatic metastases who started first-line chemotherapy at our institution between January 2016 and December 2021.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Ninety-six patients were included, of which 57 only had liver metastases and 39 had multiorgan involvement. The liver only group had longer median overall survival (OS) (11.8 vs. 7.4 months, P = 0.006) and median progression-free survival (PFS) (4.1 vs. 2.7 months, P = 0.035) than the multiorgan group. Patients with oligometastases (defined as no more than three liver metastases) achieved longer OS than those with polymetastases (four or more liver metastases) in the entire cohort. Within the liver only group, there were no significant differences in OS or PFS between the oligometastasis and polymetastasis groups. Patients who underwent subsequent surgery had significantly longer median OS than those who did not (44.4 vs. 7.7 months, P < 0.001). Age ≥ 75 years, liver-only metastasis, modified Glasgow prognostic score ≥ 1 carcinoembryonic antigen ≥ 5 μg/L, and subsequent surgery were independent predictors of OS. Liver oligometastasis was only a significant predictor of longer OS in univariate Cox analysis.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Outcomes in BTC patients with metastases limited to the liver, particularly those with oligometastasis, were more favorable than those with multiorgan metastases. Selected cases, generally with liver oligometastases, may achieve prolonged OS through subsequent surgery.</p>","PeriodicalId":15895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Gastrointestinal Cancer","volume":" ","pages":"1530-1540"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141982440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immunohistochemical Expression of ROR2 in Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor.","authors":"Asmaa Gaber Abdou, Mona Kandil, Moshira Abd El Wahed, Zeinab Elakabawy, Iman Loay, Hala Said El-Rebey","doi":"10.1007/s12029-024-01131-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12029-024-01131-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) are the most common mesenchymal tumors affecting the digestive tract, comprising approximately 0.1-3% of all gastrointestinal cancers. ROR2, a member of the receptor tyrosine kinase orphan receptor subfamily, functions as a signaling receptor for Wnt ligands. This study aims to assess the prognostic significance of ROR2 expression in GIST.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 56 paraffin-embedded blocks of GIST cases originating from different parts of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) were included in this study. Immunohistochemistry was performed to detect ROR2 expression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>ROR2 expression was observed in 71.4% of GIST cases, and strong intensity of ROR2 staining was significantly associated with prolonged overall survival of GIST patients (p = 0.048). Furthermore, ROR2 positivity and the percentage of immunostaining showed an inverse correlation with tumor progression.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>GIST cases displaying ROR2 positivity exhibit a reduced likelihood of disease progression and demonstrate favorable prognostic characteristics.</p>","PeriodicalId":15895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Gastrointestinal Cancer","volume":"56 1","pages":"27"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142739599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors Influencing Immunotherapy Utilization in Stage IV Pancreatic Cancer: Impact of Race and Socioeconomics in the U.S.","authors":"Abdullah Khalid, Zohaa Faiz, Manav Shah, Elliot Newman, Daniel A King, Danielle DePeralta, Sepideh Gholami, Matthew J Weiss, Marcovalerio Melis","doi":"10.1007/s12029-024-01119-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12029-024-01119-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), a highly lethal cancer with a poor prognosis, is expected to become the second deadliest cancer in the United States by 2030. Despite advancements in treatment modalities, the survival rates of patients with PDAC have remained low. Immunotherapy has emerged as a promising treatment for various cancers; however, its utilization in PDAC has been limited due to various challenges, including resistance mechanisms and the advanced stage at which most patients are diagnosed.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analyzed data from the National Cancer Database (NCDB) from 2010 to 2017, focusing on the impact of race, insurance status, and socioeconomic factors among patients with stage IV PDAC using logistic regression analyses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 109,663 patients with stage IV PDAC, 421 (0.38%) received immunotherapy. The recipients were younger (median age 63 vs. 68 years, p < 0.001) and more likely to be white (87.4% vs. 82.1%). Patients with private insurance or Medicare (p < 0.001), and those earning more than $60 k annually (51.0% vs. 36.4%, p < 0.001) were more likely to receive immunotherapy. Treatment was more likely in academic/research programs than in community cancer programs (53.0% vs. 33.4%, p < 0.001). On multivariate analysis, Black patients had lower odds of receiving immunotherapy than Caucasian patients (OR: 0.74 [95% CI: 0.601-0.882], p = 0.019). Higher income was also a significant predictor of immunotherapy utilization (highest vs. lowest income quartile: OR, 2.228 [95% CI: 1.422-3.491], p < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study revealed significant disparities in immunotherapy access for stage IV PDAC based on race, socioeconomic status, and geographic location in the United States, highlighting the need for intervention to promote equitable access to this promising treatment modality.</p>","PeriodicalId":15895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Gastrointestinal Cancer","volume":"56 1","pages":"25"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142729477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prognostic Effect of the PNI and LSR in Patients with Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Patients Receiving Radiotherapy.","authors":"Junfeng Gao, Meimei Li, Yi Wang, Ziming Wang, Xue Chen, Hongxia Li","doi":"10.1007/s12029-024-01148-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12029-024-01148-x","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Purpose: &lt;/strong&gt;The prognostic nutritional index (PNI) has been used to assess the immunonutritional status of cancer patients and can predict the prognosis of various solid cancers, and the serum alanine transaminase (ALT)/aspartate transaminase (AST) ratio (LSR) is considered a good predictor of liver injury. A retrospective cohort analysis was conducted to investigate the relationship between the prognosis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) patients and LSR or PNI, as well as to combine these two indicators (LSR-PNI) for further prognostic analysis in ESCC patients undergoing radiotherapy (RT).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;In this study, 134 patients with esophageal cancer were retrospectively analyzed. The Chi-square test was utilized to compare count data, and univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards models were employed to identify independent risk and prognostic factors. Additionally, the combination of LSR and PNI (LSR-PNI) was analyzed.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;This study included a cohort of 134 patients, comprising 105 males with a mean age of 70.7 years and 29 females with a mean age of 76.3 years. Pathological examination categorized 41 cases as stage I-II and 93 cases as stage III-IV. The predominant treatment modality administered was intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) for esophageal cancer. Of these patients, 96 received radiation doses ≤ 54 Gy, while 38 were administered doses &gt; 54 Gy. Radiation-induced adverse effects were observed in 67 patients, with the remaining 67 showing no such effects. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis revealed that elevated levels of the lymphocyte-to-serum ratio (LSR) and prognostic nutritional index (PNI) were significantly correlated with improved progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). The high-LSR group demonstrated longer PFS (14.4 vs. 9.3 months, p = 0.0469) and OS (19.9 vs. 13.7 months, p = 0.0315) compared to the low-LSR group, with respective 3-year survival rates of 18.4% vs. 12.7%. Similarly, patients in the high-PNI group exhibited superior PFS (13.9 vs. 8.9 months, p = 0.0071) and OS (19.0 vs. 13.5 months, p = 0.0002) compared to the low-PNI group, with 3-year survival rates of 19.6% vs. 11.3%. Stratification based on combined LSR and PNI levels categorized patients into low-, intermediate-, and high-risk groups. The low-risk group demonstrated significantly better PFS (17.8 vs. 10.1 vs. 8.2 months) and OS (24.1 vs. 14.3 vs. 12.9 months, p &lt; 0.0001) compared to the intermediate- and high-risk groups, with 3-year survival rates of 24%, 14%, and 10.3%, respectively.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;Pretreatment LSR and PNI can serve as independent prognostic predictors for patients, with higher values of both being associated with improved progression-free survival and overall survival. Additionally, the combined LSR-PNI score effectively stratifies patients into distinct risk groups, offering a robust tool for predicting ou","PeriodicalId":15895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Gastrointestinal Cancer","volume":"56 1","pages":"26"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142729478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recruitment and Retention Strategies for Historically Marginalized Populations in Colorectal Cancer Trials: A Cross-Sectional Analysis Using Systematic Review Methods.","authors":"Harrison Smith, Saad Khan, Andrew Wilson, Josh Autaubo, Payton Clark, Merhawit Ghebrehiwet, Reagan Livingston, Rachael Cobbs, Matt Vassar","doi":"10.1007/s12029-024-01146-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12029-024-01146-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Colorectal cancer (CRC), a leading cause of cancer mortality, disproportionately impacts historically marginalized populations due to persistent health inequities. Effective recruitment and retention strategies are crucial to improving the representation of these populations in clinical trials. This study aims to evaluate the use of recruitment and retention strategies in CRC clinical trials, their impact on participant diversity, and the presence of diversity recruitment goals and ethical considerations.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of CRC treatment trials following PRISMA guidelines. Eligible studies were assessed for recruitment and retention strategies, diversity recruitment goals, and ethical considerations. Data were extracted in duplicate, ensuring masked and independent evaluations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 2563 records identified, 55 studies met the inclusion criteria. Most trials (83.6%) focused on therapeutic interventions, and government funding was the most common (38.2%). Only three studies (5.5%) reported strategies to recruit historically marginalized populations, and 54 studies (98.2%) lacked diversity recruitment goals. None of the trials discussed ethical considerations related to diverse recruitment.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study highlights significant gaps in recruitment and retention strategies for historically marginalized populations in CRC clinical trials. Few studies implement strategies to address these disparities which affect the diversity of the trial population, underscoring the need for targeted efforts to improve trial inclusivity. Addressing these gaps is critical to ensuring more equitable and representative outcomes in CRC research.</p>","PeriodicalId":15895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Gastrointestinal Cancer","volume":"56 1","pages":"24"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11588777/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142716330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Initial Application of Fluorescence Imaging for Intraoperative Localization of Small Neuroendocrine Tumors in the Pancreas: Case Report and Review of the Literature.","authors":"Shihang Xi, Xingyuan Zheng, Xu Wang, Bin Jiang, Zhengchao Shen, Guannan Wang, Yaqi Jiang, Xiaosan Fang, Daohai Qian, Danish Irshad Muhammad, Xiaoming Wang","doi":"10.1007/s12029-024-01143-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12029-024-01143-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Indocyanine green is commonly used for laparoscopic hepatectomy but remains uncommon in pancreatic surgery. Given the increasing number of small neuroendocrine tumors found in the pancreas and the heavy reliance on laparoscopic ultrasound for intraoperative localization, we attempted to use indocyanine green for these tumors. Our results show good localization and have the potential to provide a valuable clinical aid.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>This case report details five patients with preoperative diagnosis of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors of small endocrine tumors, intraoperative successful localization, and successful completion of laparoscopic partial resection of pancreatic tumors by indocyanine green fluorescence staining; none of the patients experienced serious complications after surgery and were discharged from the hospital, and routine pathology confirmed that four cases were pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors of G1 stage, and one case was pancreatic neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Fluorescence imaging technology safely aids in the intraoperative localization of small pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors.</p>","PeriodicalId":15895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Gastrointestinal Cancer","volume":"56 1","pages":"23"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11576835/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142675895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}