Lomonosov Geography Journal最新文献

{"title":"EFFECTS OF TEMPERATURE AND PRECIPITATION ANOMALIES ON CARBON DIOXIDE FLUXES IN THE EXTRATROPICAL FORESTS OF THE NORTHERN HEMISPHERE","authors":"E. Satosina, D. Gushchina, M. Tarasova, I. Zheleznova, E. Emelianova, R. Gibadullin, A. Osipov, A. V. Olchev","doi":"10.55959/msu0579-9414.5.79.2.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55959/msu0579-9414.5.79.2.2","url":null,"abstract":"Modern climate change, accompanied by rapidly increasing global air temperature, changing precipitation patterns, frequency and severity of extreme weather events, may have a significant impact on the functioning, growth, and development of forest ecosystems. The aim of the study was to assess the effects of extreme weather events (significant positive and negative anomalies in air temperature and precipitation) on the carbon dioxide (CO2) fluxes in boreal and temperate forest ecosystems in the Northern Hemisphere. 26 greenhouse gas (GHG) flux monitoring stations of the global FLUXNET network with the most continuous observations were selected for the analysis of CO2 fluxes. The stations are located in forest ecosystems of different biome types according to the IGBP classification. Meteorological conditions were analyzed using observations from meteorological stations and ERA5 reanalysis data. The results showed that the response of CO2 fluxes to temperature and precipitation anomalies varies depending mainly on the type of forest ecosystem, its geographical location and regional climatic conditions. Extremely high air temperature in any season leads to increased CO2 emissions to the atmosphere in all forest types studied, with the most pronounced response in coniferous forests. Negative air temperature anomalies in the warm season could have the opposite effect, either increasing or decreasing the CO2 uptake by forest ecosystems, depending on the forest ecosystem type. No significant response of CO2 fluxes to extremely low temperatures in the cold season was found. During periods of heavy precipitation, the emission of CO2 to the atmosphere dominated in all forest ecosystems under study. At the same time, after a large amount of precipitation during the warm season, a cumulative effect of available soil moisture in the plant root zone on CO2 fluxes was revealed. As a result the CO2 uptake by vegetation increases due to the growing rate of plant photosynthesis under sufficient soil moisture conditions.","PeriodicalId":158808,"journal":{"name":"Lomonosov Geography Journal","volume":"4 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141387850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New rural residents and forms of their territorial organization in the Voskresensky district of the Nizhny Novgorod region","authors":"O. D. Krutov, N. K. Grelya, A.A. Veprickij, Ya.K. Kuksin, G.A. Nazarenko, O.E. Prusihin, P.A. Shirokova, Yu.L. Kruze, A. Alekseev","doi":"10.55959/msu0579-9414.5.79.2.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55959/msu0579-9414.5.79.2.6","url":null,"abstract":"The article examines the influence of “new rural residents” – immigrants from Nizhny Novgorod and Moscow, on a semi-peripheral district of the Non-Chernozem Region, as well as the transformation of its economy and society in connection with population replacement. Issues related to the territorial heterogeneity of the “new rural” influence are also considered. The research site, i.e. the Voskresensky district of the Nizhny Novgorod region is located 145 kilometers north of the city of Nizhny Novgorod. The presence of unique natural and symbolic resources, such as the Svetloyar Lake and the Vetluga River, attracts migrants from the large cities here.\u0000\u0000 Research methods included in-depth and expert interviews, focus groups, participant observation and strategic sessions with local residents.\u0000\u0000 The analysis of obtained data resulted in a typology of “new rural” residents, each type producing a different impact on the surrounding space. Key transformations of the lifestyle associated with the “new rural” are identified, namely new non-traditional types of agriculture, formation of “urban type” leisure, development of rural tourism by new-comers, complete replacement of the population in the most attractive settlements for city residents, as well as the emergence of associations of new-comers both territorial, and communities of “interests”. Key social conflicts were also identified among the new-comers and between them and indigenous residents, which limit the possibilities for development of the territory.","PeriodicalId":158808,"journal":{"name":"Lomonosov Geography Journal","volume":"204 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141387307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sea level modeling in the Kazakhstan part of the Caspian Sea using the MIKE 21 model","authors":"A. Yeltay, N. Ivkina","doi":"10.55959/msu0579-9414.5.79.2.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55959/msu0579-9414.5.79.2.7","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents the results of adaptation of the MIKE 21 Flow Model FM hydrodynamic module of the MIKE Zero software package to the Caspian Sea region using reanalysis data of wind and pressure fields, both for individual years and for a long-term period (2000–2020). The quality of modeling results was assessed using the statistical methods. The correlation coefficient between observed and simulated water levels for the period of 2000–2020 was 0,97 for Fort Shevchenko and 0,95 for Aktau. Model calibration allowed obtaining optimal values of model parameters, such as the Smagorinsky turbulent viscosity coefficient of 0,5 and the Manning roughness coefficient of 0,031. The evaluation for the multi-year period and the individual cases demonstrated that the modeling quality criteria were within acceptable limits. The results of the model verification based on the data for 2000–2020 and its testing for the storm surge on March 5–7, 2022, indicated that in the future the MIKE Zero software package could be used for operational sea level forecasting.","PeriodicalId":158808,"journal":{"name":"Lomonosov Geography Journal","volume":"31 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141388189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CHANGES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE ASIAN “ECONOMIC GIANTS” IN THE CONTEXT OF THE GEOECOLOGICAL TRANSITION","authors":"N. N. Alekseeva, D. Lopatnikov, A. I. Bancheva","doi":"10.55959/msu0579-9414.5.79.2.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55959/msu0579-9414.5.79.2.3","url":null,"abstract":"Since the end of the last century the epicenter of environmental problems and global environmental threats has moved to Asia. Three economic giants played the main role: at first Japan, then China and India. In recent decades increasingly complicated and multidirectional environmentally significant processes have taken place in these Asian countries, which are at different stages of socio-economic development. The purpose of the study was to identify the main trends in the basic environmental characteristics of Japan, China and India and study the dynamics of their position in the context of the geoecological transition. The work was based on the concepts of the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) and the geoecological transition of D.L. Lopatnikov. Comparison of environmental and economic parameters was carried out on the basis of statistical data from the World Bank, OECD and national databases. Time series for sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, particulate matter and carbon dioxide emissions were analyzed mainly for the period 1990-2020. The dynamics of the countries’ position on the curve over a 30-year period makes it possible to identify the trajectories of their environmental development, as well as determine prospects for the short-term future. According to the dynamics of key indicators, Japan is steadily on a downward segment of the curve, while China and India are on a downward segment for some indicators, having passed an inflection point during the period under study, and on an upward segment for other ones. The interpretation of dynamics of the environmental indicators revealed the main factors (economic, institutional, technological, etc.) which lay behind their environmental advancement. At the same time, the economic slowdown during the 2008-2009 global economic crisis and the COVID-19 pandemic had a different impact on the key indicators of the three countries. The position of countries in the international environmental ratings correlates with the level of socio-economic development, which fits into the logic of the EKC. While the first signs of a turn towards the greener economy are already visible in China, the same is still not true for India. The environmentally positive trends which were identified for the economic giants of Asia, with the exception of Japan, cannot yet be considered a long-term trend due to the relatively short series of data and the continuing diversity of their environmental prospects.","PeriodicalId":158808,"journal":{"name":"Lomonosov Geography Journal","volume":"224 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141386977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"GEOGRAPHICAL FACTORS OF REVITALIZATION OF RURAL SETTLEMENTS “WITHOUT POPULATION","authors":"A. Smirnova","doi":"10.55959/msu0579-9414.5.78.1.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55959/msu0579-9414.5.78.1.11","url":null,"abstract":"The article proposes a method for identifying “reviving” rural settlements (RS). Case studies of the Tver region RS revealed what features of the geographical location determine a settlement opportunities for revitalization. The previous typology, based on the analysis of satellite images, showed a considerable differentiation in the degree of RS degradation, classified according to the 2010 census as “without population”. Further work to determine the leading factors of revitalization was based on the study of those RS where the houses and outbuildings, identified by satellite images, have been preserved to the greatest extent. Nearness to rivers and water bodies, position relative to federal and regional highways, and location near the regional and/or district center were chosen as key features of the geographical location that have an effect on the prospects for revitalization of a territory. The presence of registered residents (according to current records) and demarcated cadastral plots are indicators of the RS revitalization. The study showed that one third of all RS, which fell into the category “without population” according to 2010 statistics, could now be considered “reviving”. A key factor in the revitalization of rural settlements of the Tver region is their nearness to the river, mainly to the Volga River. Another important factor is the location in the zone of influence of main centers, primarily the city of Tver. The main function is the recreational (dacha) use of such villages.","PeriodicalId":158808,"journal":{"name":"Lomonosov Geography Journal","volume":"36 26","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140081612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SEAFLOOR MORPHOLOGY OF THE OB RIVER GULF, KARA SEA","authors":"A. Ermolov, G. Kazhukalo, A. I. Noskov, S. Ogorodov","doi":"10.55959/msu0579-9414.5.79.1.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55959/msu0579-9414.5.79.1.7","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents the results of an extensive study of the bottom topography of the Ob River Gulf in the Kara Sea, which is a follow-up to the long-term studies of the authors. It refines the existing ideas and aims at solving a fundamental problem of reconstructing the conditions for the formation of bottom topography in the shallow bays of the Kara Sea in the Late Pleistocene and Holocene. The work aims to create a regional characteristic of the geomorphologic structure of the Ob River Gulf bottom. The initial data on the bottom topography were taken from marine navigational maps and sounding boards at a scale of 1:50 000 - 1:100 000. We processed and interpreted the collected cartographic material to create a detailed DEM of the bottom and a bathymetric map at a scale of 1:200 000 with an isobaths interval of 1 m. In addition to bathymetric data, the compilation of a geomorphologic map engaged a large amount of literature and stock materials on geomorphology, geology, and geocryology of the region. The original morphogenetic legend was elaborated with due account of current ideas regarding the conditions for the formation of periglacial plains relief at the regressive stage of the Kara Sea shelf evolution. It was found that the relict fluvial relief prevails within the gulf and was partly modified by subaqueous processes during post-LGM transgression and the current epoch. We have indicated the most critical features of the structure and pattern of the flooded pravalley of the Ob River, as well as the total ancient erosion network. The selected individual forms and relief elements take into account the scale of objects and the degree of their generalization on the map and give an idea of the development of relief-forming processes both at the subaerial stage and under subaqueous conditions, including specific features of modern dynamics of the coastal and bottom relief.","PeriodicalId":158808,"journal":{"name":"Lomonosov Geography Journal","volume":"30 20","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140081426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PALAEOECOLOGICAL SITUATION IN PRE-DELTA AREA OF THE NORTH CASPIAN SEA DURING THE HOLOCENE","authors":"E. Lysenko, A.A. Tkach, R. Makshaev, T. Yanina, M. Zenina","doi":"10.55959/msu0579-9414.5.79.1.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55959/msu0579-9414.5.79.1.5","url":null,"abstract":"Palaeoecoligical reconstructions of predelta area of the North Caspian Sea were based on the multidisciplinary study of the core from the Rybachya borehole containing the Holocene deposits. Geochemical, grain size, mollusk fauna, diatom and ostracod analyses were performed, and the radiocarbon dating was carried out. The structure of deposits reflects palaeogeographic events of different scales including the inception of a palaeoincision in the Lower Khvalynian deposits, accompanied by erosion of the Upper Khvalynian deposits; its development during the Mangyshlak regression and gradual filling during the multistage Holocene Neocaspian transgression. The Holocene age of the deposits filling the palaeodepression is confirmed by radiocarbon dates - 8070 ± 110 and 7020 ± 140 cal. BP. The paleontological data indicate the interchange of tranquil and dynamic water regimes and the quasicyclical change in the conditions of the water basin, from brackish to freshwater and to marine during the stage of sedimentation, corresponding to the presentday conditions on the North Caspian shelf.","PeriodicalId":158808,"journal":{"name":"Lomonosov Geography Journal","volume":"35 36","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140081325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"VARIATIONS OF δ18О AND δ2H VALUES OF PRECIPITATION IN MOSCOW FROM 2017 TO 2019","authors":"Yu.K. Vasilchuk, N.A. Budantseva, J. Vasilchuk, A. Vasilchuk, I. Eremina, Y. Chizhova","doi":"10.55959/msu0579-9414.5.79.1.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55959/msu0579-9414.5.79.1.9","url":null,"abstract":"To reveal variations in the iso topic composition of O and H in the atmospheric precipitation in Moscow and the processes influencing the isotope composition, all events of precipitation in 2017-2019 were sampled at the Meteorological Observatory of the Moscow State University: 158 samples in 2017, 119 samples in 2018 and 143 samples in 2019. The study is a prolongation of continuous measurements of the isotope composition of precipitation, started by authors in 2014. The study of the isotope composition of precipitation at the MSU Meteorological Observatory was supported by the IAEA and became a part of the Global Network of Isotopes in Precipitation (GNIP) database. It has been found that the intra-annual variability of the isotop e composition of precipitation has a pronounced seasonality. The most isotopically heavy precipitation falls from May to August, and the most isotop ically light precipitation at December-February, mainly due to seasonal air temperature variations. The ratio of the average monthly δ18O values in precipitation and air temperature for the study period varied from 0.34 to 0.39‰/°C, which is consistent with the previously obtained data for precipitation in Moscow. The δ2H-δ18O ratio in precipitation was clos e to that of the Global Meteoric Water Line, pointing to the equilibrium conditions during precipitation formation. It was established that in the summer months isotopic composition is significantly influenced by undercloud evaporation. The deuterium excess va lues in precipitation are not markedly seasonal; however, lower dexc values (below the 3-year average of 11‰) are typical for the summer months (July-August). It is most likely due to undercloud evaporation in conditions of low relative humidity and high air temperatures. Higher dexc values (above 11‰) prevailed from October to April.","PeriodicalId":158808,"journal":{"name":"Lomonosov Geography Journal","volume":"33 24","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140081359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ECOLOGICAL CONDITION OF THE OGLAKHTY SITE OF THE KHAKASS NATURE RESERVE BASED ON THE RESULTS OF 2022 OBSERVATIONS","authors":"А.О. Afanaseva, S.А. Lebedeva","doi":"10.55959/msu0579-9414.5.79.1.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55959/msu0579-9414.5.79.1.3","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents the results of the ecological module of complex recreational monitoring in specially protected natural territories of federal importance. The work was carried out according to the methodological recommendations elaborated in 2021 by a team of authors (V.V. Nepomnyaschy, A.V. Zavadskaya, V.P. Chizhova).Monitoring of the state of natural complexes under the influence of tourist and recreational activities was carried out in the zone of areal and linear impacts at the Oglakhty site of the Khakass reserve. The main results are presented for the 2022 tourist season. Currently, the entire territory of the Oglakhty site is mainly occupied by quasinatural complexes. The linear impact is concentrated mainly on patrol roads and manifests itself in the pedestrian movement zone. The areal impact is on the stopover places near information banners and display objects on the routes, as well as in places of the economic activities. Recommendations for the effective development of ecotourism on the Oglakhty site include the construction of additional flooring on the most popular route, as well as the redistribution of tourist flow to the less attended routes with sufficient capacity, increasing their attractiveness for various target audiences.","PeriodicalId":158808,"journal":{"name":"Lomonosov Geography Journal","volume":"15 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140081870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ASSESSMENT OF PYROGENIC IMPACT ON FOREST AREAS IN THE TVER REGION","authors":"S.N. Zharinov, E. Golubeva, M.V. Zimin","doi":"10.55959/msu0579-9414.5.79.1.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55959/msu0579-9414.5.79.1.10","url":null,"abstract":"We consider the potential and limitations of widely accepted remote sensing algorithms for detecting forest areas damaged by fires, which allow the monitoring systems to automatically form data about the fire areas and the areas where death of tree stands is subsequently recorded. The resulting size of the detected areas has a measurement error, which is typically determined on the basis of a onetime survey for a large territory and one forest fire season. Depending on the geographical features of the territory, forest fires have specific spatiotemporal and qualitative characteristics, and are accompanied by specific heterogeneous damage to forests, which affect the accuracy of remote detection of a burnt area or firedamaged forest. Hence the use of the unified largearea error estimate for locallevel surveys could lead to inaccurate results. The analysis of space images of forest fund lands in the Tver region for the period 2007-2022 demonstrated the need to establish regional values of the measurement error for fireimpacted areas. By comparing the medium spatial resolution data with the data of high spatial resolution we identify a regional bias, which is significant given the relatively small size of the detected areas. The study demonstrates the expediency of establishing regional error values for measurements of pyrogenic impact on forest areas. By implementing the suggested changes we could improve the accuracy of remotely-sensed estimates of fireimpacted areas and the amount of associated damage to forests.","PeriodicalId":158808,"journal":{"name":"Lomonosov Geography Journal","volume":"53 21","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140082212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}