Frontiers Blockchain最新文献

Technology optimization for patient safety: a blockchain-based anesthesia record system architecture 促进患者安全的技术优化：基于区块链的麻醉记录系统架构

Frontiers Blockchain Pub Date : 2023-07-13 DOI: 10.3389/fbloc.2023.1116124

Roberto Orofino Giambastiani, Rodrigo Sáenz, Guido Lahitte, Juan-Carlos Umaran

{"title":"Technology optimization for patient safety: a blockchain-based anesthesia record system architecture","authors":"Roberto Orofino Giambastiani, Rodrigo Sáenz, Guido Lahitte, Juan-Carlos Umaran","doi":"10.3389/fbloc.2023.1116124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fbloc.2023.1116124","url":null,"abstract":"Patient safety is acknowledged as a primary aim of anesthesiology. Anesthesia records constitute the main document of the intraoperative course of anesthesia administration. In this paper, we postulate that anesthesia record systems should be based on an integral tamper-proof design and provide specific technology characteristics to ensure data immutability, accessibility and transparency. Issues and limitations regarding current anesthesia record technologies are reviewed. We introduce a novel anesthesia record system designed for patient safety optimization which integrates dedicated hardware, blockchain technology and decentralized storage solutions. We propose an oracle network in which anesthesiologists run independent Sybil-resistant nodes which broadcast biosensor time series to decentralized storage systems and generate proofs of existence on public blockchains. Records are biometrically signed and incorporate information on the temporo-spatial relation between the anesthetized patient and the professional in charge through a unique personal-transponder wearable device. Compatibility for data science and machine learning implementation are discussed. Finally, we evaluate future impact and technological potential.","PeriodicalId":158641,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers Blockchain","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139359620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Analysis and Application of Verifiable Computation Techniques in Blockchain Systems for the Energy Sector 可验证计算技术在能源区块链系统中的分析与应用

Frontiers Blockchain Pub Date : 2021-09-21 DOI: 10.3389/fbloc.2021.725322

Andreas Zeiselmair, Bernd Steinkopf, Ulrich Gallersdörfer, A. Bogensperger, F. Matthes

{"title":"Analysis and Application of Verifiable Computation Techniques in Blockchain Systems for the Energy Sector","authors":"Andreas Zeiselmair, Bernd Steinkopf, Ulrich Gallersdörfer, A. Bogensperger, F. Matthes","doi":"10.3389/fbloc.2021.725322","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fbloc.2021.725322","url":null,"abstract":"The energy system is becoming increasingly decentralized. This development requires integrating and coordinating a rising number of actors and small units in a complex system. Blockchain could provide a base infrastructure for new tools and platforms that address these tasks in various aspects—ranging from dispatch optimization or dynamic load adaption to (local) market mechanisms. Many of these applications are currently in development and subject to research projects. In decentralized energy markets especially, the optimized allocation of energy products demands complex computation. Combining these with distributed ledger technologies leads to bottlenecks and challenges regarding privacy requirements and performance due to limited storage and computational resources. Verifiable computation techniques promise a solution to these issues. This paper presents an overview of verifiable computation technologies, including trusted oracles, zkSNARKs, and multi-party computation. We further analyze their application in blockchain environments with a focus on energy-related applications. Applied to a distinct optimization problem of renewable energy certificates, we have evaluated these solution approaches and finally demonstrate an implementation of a Simplex-Optimization using zkSNARKs as a case study. We conclude with an assessment of the applicability of the described verifiable computation techniques and address limitations for large-scale deployment, followed by an outlook on current development trends.","PeriodicalId":158641,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers Blockchain","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126114156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

From Clinical Trials to Highly Trustable Clinical Trials: Blockchain in Clinical Trials, a Game Changer for Improving Transparency? 从临床试验到高度可信的临床试验:临床试验中的区块链，提高透明度的游戏规则改变者?

Frontiers Blockchain Pub Date : 2019-12-10 DOI: 10.3389/fbloc.2019.00023

M. Benchoufi, Doug Altman, P. Ravaud

引用次数: 18

Blockchain, Wikis, and the Ideal Science Machine: With an Example From Genomics 区块链、维基和理想的科学机器:以基因组学为例

Frontiers Blockchain Pub Date : 2019-12-06 DOI: 10.3389/fbloc.2019.00025

D. Koepsell

引用次数: 0

Blockchain Technology as Economic Infrastructure: Revisiting the Electronic Markets Hypothesis 区块链技术作为经济基础设施:重新审视电子市场假说

Frontiers Blockchain Pub Date : 2019-12-04 DOI: 10.3389/fbloc.2019.00022

C. Berg, S. Davidson, J. Potts

引用次数: 29

Blockchain for Environmental Governance: Can Smart Contracts Reinforce Payments for Ecosystem Services in Namibia? 区块链环境治理:智能合约能否加强纳米比亚生态系统服务的支付?

Frontiers Blockchain Pub Date : 2019-11-21 DOI: 10.3389/fbloc.2019.00021

Daniel Oberhauser

{"title":"Blockchain for Environmental Governance: Can Smart Contracts Reinforce Payments for Ecosystem Services in Namibia?","authors":"Daniel Oberhauser","doi":"10.3389/fbloc.2019.00021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fbloc.2019.00021","url":null,"abstract":"The Global South harbors some of the planet’s most precious natural resources and is hence key in addressing the pressing environmental challenges of the Anthropocene. Here, payments for ecosystem services (PES) have recently gained importance as a means of environmental governance, increasingly complementing conventional command-and-control approaches. For instance, climate change is now mitigated through carbon offset payments and biodiversity loss is addressed through wildlife conservation performance payments. However, such payment schemes in the Global South face numerous challenges as identified by a large body of literature. This paper investigates if blockchain technology can help address some of the challenges by reinforcing PES programs with tamper-proof blockchain smart contracts. To this end, the paper presents a proof-of-concept of a blockchain-based wildlife conservation performance payments scheme in Namibia: the habitat integrity of an elephant corridor is assessed by remote sensing algorithms, which in turn trigger fictitious blockchain smart contract payments to surrounding communities. The application allows to practically discuss the potential of blockchain technology regarding three key aspects of PES: (i) effectiveness (conditionality) of environmental monitoring (ii) efficiency and transaction costs, as well as (iii) equity and benefit distribution. The case presented here is an example for linking the digital Blockchain sphere to practical challenges of natural resource management in the physical world. As such, it illustrates some potentials of the technology, but also shows how Blockchain technology is unlikely to provide transformative solutions in geographies with complex environmental governance.","PeriodicalId":158641,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers Blockchain","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131409716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 16

A Review on Blockchain Technology and Blockchain Projects Fostering Open Science 区块链技术与区块链项目促进开放科学发展综述

Frontiers Blockchain Pub Date : 2019-11-19 DOI: 10.3389/fbloc.2019.00016

S. Leible, Steffen Schlager, M. Schubotz, Bela Gipp

{"title":"A Review on Blockchain Technology and Blockchain Projects Fostering Open Science","authors":"S. Leible, Steffen Schlager, M. Schubotz, Bela Gipp","doi":"10.3389/fbloc.2019.00016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fbloc.2019.00016","url":null,"abstract":"Many sectors, like finance, medicine, manufacturing, and education, use blockchain applications to profit from the unique bundle of characteristics of this technology. Blockchain technology (BT) promises benefits in trustability, collaboration, organization, identification, credibility, and transparency. In this paper, we conduct an analysis in which we show how open science can benefit from this technology and its properties. For this, we determined the requirements of an open science ecosystem and compared them with the characteristics of BT to prove that the technology suits as an infrastructure. We also review literature and promising blockchain-based projects for open science to describe the current research situation. To this end, we examine the projects in particular for their relevance and contribution to open science and categorize them afterwards according to their primary purpose. Several of them already provide functionalities that can have a positive impact on current research workflows. So, BT offers promising possibilities for its use in science, but why is it then not used on a large-scale in that area? To answer this question, we point out various shortcomings, challenges, unanswered questions, and research potentials that we found in the literature and identified during our analysis. These topics shall serve as starting points for future research to foster the BT for open science and beyond, especially in the long-term.","PeriodicalId":158641,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers Blockchain","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128955735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 78

The Middleman Is Dead, Long Live the Middleman: The “Trust Factor” and the Psycho-Social Implications of Blockchain 中间商已死，中间商万岁:“信任因素”与b区块链的心理社会影响

Frontiers Blockchain Pub Date : 2019-11-15 DOI: 10.3389/fbloc.2019.00020

A. Gaggioli, Shayan Eskandari, P. Cipresso, E. Lozza

{"title":"The Middleman Is Dead, Long Live the Middleman: The “Trust Factor” and the Psycho-Social Implications of Blockchain","authors":"A. Gaggioli, Shayan Eskandari, P. Cipresso, E. Lozza","doi":"10.3389/fbloc.2019.00020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fbloc.2019.00020","url":null,"abstract":"Blockchain is widely regarded as a breakthrough innovation that may have a profound impact on the economy and society, of a magnitude comparable to the effects of the introduction of the Internet itself. In essence, a blockchain is a decentralized peer-to-peer network with no central authority figure, which adds information to the distributed database by collectively validating the accuracy of data. Since each node of the network participates in the review and confirmation of the new information before being accepted, the need for a trustworthy intermediary is eliminated. However, as trust plays an essential role in affecting decisions when transacting with one another, it is important to understand which implications the decentralized nature of blockchain may have on individuals' sense of trust. In this contribution, we argue that the adoption of blockchain is not only a technological, but foremostly a psychological challenge, which crucially depends on the possibility of creating a trust management approach that matches the underlying distributed communication system. We first describe the decentralization technologies and possibilities they hold for the near future. Next, we discuss the psycho-social implications of the introduction of decentralized processes of trust, examining some potential scenarios, and outline a research agenda.","PeriodicalId":158641,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers Blockchain","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115866056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 11

A Framework Proposal for Blockchain-Based Scientific Publishing Using Shared Governance 使用共享治理的基于区块链的科学出版框架提案

Frontiers Blockchain Pub Date : 2019-11-15 DOI: 10.3389/fbloc.2019.00019

Timothy Mackey, Neal Shah, Ken Miyachi, James Short, K. Clauson

{"title":"A Framework Proposal for Blockchain-Based Scientific Publishing Using Shared Governance","authors":"Timothy Mackey, Neal Shah, Ken Miyachi, James Short, K. Clauson","doi":"10.3389/fbloc.2019.00019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fbloc.2019.00019","url":null,"abstract":"Scientific research activity is reaching a staggering growth rate, introducing new and compounding existing challenges regarding the quality of peer-review, rise of predatory journals, and larger issues involving academic integrity and fraud stemming from the increased pressure to publish. Blockchain, a distributed ledger technology, is well-suited to address some of the challenges specific to scientific publishing. Companies including ARTiFACTS, Pluto, Orvium, and ScienceMatters-EUREKA, along with academic researchers, are exploring blockchain-based solutions to facilitate research data provenance and workflows, optimize the peer-review process, introduce better incentives, and even create new research journals and platforms utilizing blockchain. Building upon a review of these efforts, we propose a governance framework for scientific publishing based on a consortium blockchain model to create a more efficient means of navigating the publishing process. At the center of this framework is a model that adopts shared governance and validated inclusion via a Democratic Autonomous Organization (DAO). A DAO is an entity wherein the organizational rules are implemented and executed via smart contracts. The DAO will be comprised of participants of validated individuals and organizations who are publishers, editors, peer-reviewers, and citizen scientists to manage and oversee the framework. The framework also maps specifically to the publication workflow of submitting, handling, peer-review, and final editorial decision-making for scientific manuscripts. The goal of this framework is to increase transparency of scientific publishing, create a “pedigree” of a manuscript’s research life cycle, and democratize the publication process while maintaining the accepted workflow common to scientific publishing by journals.","PeriodicalId":158641,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers Blockchain","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134109129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 38

Blockchain Compliance by Design: Regulatory Considerations for Blockchain in Clinical Research 区块链合规性设计:临床研究中区块链的监管考虑

Frontiers Blockchain Pub Date : 2019-11-08 DOI: 10.3389/fbloc.2019.00018

Wendy M. Charles, Natalie Marler, Lauren Long, Sean T. Manion

{"title":"Blockchain Compliance by Design: Regulatory Considerations for Blockchain in Clinical Research","authors":"Wendy M. Charles, Natalie Marler, Lauren Long, Sean T. Manion","doi":"10.3389/fbloc.2019.00018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fbloc.2019.00018","url":null,"abstract":"As clinical research moves toward real-world data capture with increased data sharing, there is a growing need for patient-centered technologies that ensure data authenticity and promote researcher and patient access. Blockchain is one of an emerging set of distributed ledger technologies with the potential to offer both research data transparency and trust, while offering robust security measures. As blockchain-based systems are being developed for clinical research applications, these systems may be required to follow state and federal research regulations, such as ethical protections for human participants and data privacy. Blockchain developers and research organizations alike are struggling to identify and interpret these regulatory requirements. Further, regulatory agencies and policymakers have not yet provided blockchain stakeholders with clear guidelines to achieve compliance. This article provides an introduction to the clinical research and health information privacy regulations in the United States as well as data design standards and electronic signature laws. We also offer recommendations for blockchain developers, researchers, and research organizations for achieving compliant blockchain solutions in clinical research.","PeriodicalId":158641,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers Blockchain","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124450815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 18