{"title":"How Design Experiments Can Inform Teaching and Learning: Teacher-Researchers as Collaborators in Educational Research.","authors":"Asha K. Jitendra","doi":"10.1111/J.1540-5826.2005.00135.X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1540-5826.2005.00135.X","url":null,"abstract":"In this commentary, I summarize my own research with colleagues to affirm Dr. Gersten's call for considering design experiments prior to conducting intervention research. I describe how design experiments not only can inform teaching and the learning of innovative approaches, but also hold the promise of effectively bridging the research-to-practice gap to produce meaningful change in practice when innovative practices are fine-tuned and validated by partnerships with teacher-researchers.","PeriodicalId":158079,"journal":{"name":"Learning Disabilities Research and Practice","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"118573262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Beyond Prejudice: Thinking toward Genuine Inclusion.","authors":"Jean C. Mcphail, John G. Freeman","doi":"10.1111/J.1540-5826.2005.00141.X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1540-5826.2005.00141.X","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. The challenge of transforming our educational thinking and practices to achieve genuine rather than token inclusion asks that we examine select ideas from the natural and social sciences that have served to colonize the childhood disability field through hegemonic educational discourses. This article examines the colonizing discourses that have limited the possibilities for education available for students with disabilities, particularly those with learning disabilities, through placing them as disadvantaged through a process of being “othered.” We then present three alternative, decolonizing discourses, which open greater possibilities for persons with disabilities through the adoption of an emancipatory rather than a compensatory orientation to learning.","PeriodicalId":158079,"journal":{"name":"Learning Disabilities Research and Practice","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"119137542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Behind the Scenes of an Intervention Research Study","authors":"R. Gersten","doi":"10.1111/J.1540-5826.2005.00134.X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1540-5826.2005.00134.X","url":null,"abstract":"This article is intended to supplement a published research report (Gersten, Baker, Smith-Johnson, Dimino, & Peterson, in press) on an instructional intervention study by discussing some of the behind-the-scenes issues that typically do not appear in a published research report. In particular, I discuss how use of design experiments helped shape the intervention, the interaction between research questions and research design, and the role of intuition in designing and refining experimental studies of instruction.","PeriodicalId":158079,"journal":{"name":"Learning Disabilities Research and Practice","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128242310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Further behind the Scenes of Intervention Research.","authors":"S. Graham","doi":"10.1111/J.1540-5826.2005.00137.X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1540-5826.2005.00137.X","url":null,"abstract":"Developing, conducting, and sharing the results of a good intervention study is a challenging task, requiring considerable effort and expertise. I offer my reflections on this enterprise, commenting on the need for studying complex interventions, using multiple methodologies. I also argue that such research should be theoretically grounded and, more frequently than is currently the case, should test theoretical propositions. Finally, I comment on conducting research with limited funding, the importance of veracity when sharing research findings, and the need for more intense and extended preparation for new intervention researchers.","PeriodicalId":158079,"journal":{"name":"Learning Disabilities Research and Practice","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125744289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Barbara D. Walker, Margaret Shippen, P. Alberto, David E. Houchins, David F. Cihak
{"title":"Using the Expressive Writing Program to Improve the Writing Skills of High School Students with Learning Disabilities","authors":"Barbara D. Walker, Margaret Shippen, P. Alberto, David E. Houchins, David F. Cihak","doi":"10.1111/J.1540-5826.2005.00131.X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1540-5826.2005.00131.X","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. The complex nature of written expression presents difficulty for many students, particularly those with learning disabilities (LD). The literature in the area of written expression and students with learning disabilities indicates that explicit, rule-based instruction can enhance the writing skills of struggling students. Research in Direct Instruction (DI) writing programs is promising, but limited at this time to a small number of group design studies. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of the DI writing program, Expressive Writing, for high school students with learning disabilities using a single-subject design methodology. Results indicated that the Expressive Writing program improved the writing skills of the students in this study. Students also were able to generalize and maintain the writing skills learned during intervention.","PeriodicalId":158079,"journal":{"name":"Learning Disabilities Research and Practice","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114463976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Individualized Course‐Specific Strategy Instruction for College Students with Learning Disabilities and ADHD: Lessons Learned From a Model Demonstration Project","authors":"D. Allsopp, E. Minskoff, Les Bolt","doi":"10.1111/J.1540-5826.2005.00126.X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1540-5826.2005.00126.X","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. This 3-year Model Demonstration Project involved the development and field testing of an individualized course-specific strategy instruction model with college students with learning disabilities and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). The 46 participants received individualized semester-long strategy instruction by graduate students in special education. A variety of data sources were used to evaluate the implementation of the model as well as the academic success of students who received individualized strategy instruction. Quantitative analyses indicated that the group as a whole as well as the subset of students on probation and suspension significantly improved their grades and sustained this improvement over time. Qualitative analysis identified two factors related to improvement: independent use of strategies and the supportive nature of the strategy instructor–student relationship. Qualitative analysis also identified two factors related to nonimprovement: academic/cognitive skill deficits and emotional/medication-related issues. Implications of the model for postsecondary education and suggestions for future research are discussed.","PeriodicalId":158079,"journal":{"name":"Learning Disabilities Research and Practice","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126470152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Writing in Mathematics: An Alternative Form of Communication for Academically Low‐Achieving Students","authors":"J. Baxter, J. Woodward, D. Olson","doi":"10.1111/J.1540-5826.2005.00127.X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1540-5826.2005.00127.X","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Classroom communication figures prominently in current math reform efforts. In this study, we analyze how one teacher used writing to support communication in a seventh-grade, low-track mathematics class. For one school year, we studied four low-achieving students in the class. Students wrote in journals on a weekly basis. Using classroom observations and interviews with the teacher, we developed profiles of the four students, capturing their participation in class discussions. The profiles highlighted an important similarity among the four students: marginal participation in both small-group and whole-class discussions. However, our analysis of the students' journals identified multiple instances where the students were able to explain their mathematical reasoning, revealing their conceptual understanding, ability to explain, and skill at representing a problem. In this respect, journals potentially facilitate another important form of classroom communication. The promise of writing is that it offers an alternative to the visions of classroom communication that are strictly oral in nature.","PeriodicalId":158079,"journal":{"name":"Learning Disabilities Research and Practice","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115502934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"English Language Learners and Learning Disabilities: Research Agenda and Implications for Practice","authors":"P. McCardle, Joan A. Mele-McCarthy, Kathleen Leos","doi":"10.1111/J.1540-5826.2005.00122.X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1540-5826.2005.00122.X","url":null,"abstract":"Although little is known about learning disabilities (LDs) in English language learners (ELLs), there is a substantial knowledge base about the identification, assessment, and intervention of and for LDs in monolingual native English-speaking students. Building on this knowledge, participants at an October 2003 National Symposium on Learning Disabilities in English Language Learners were asked to suggest research questions, priorities, and suggestions on how to build the necessary infrastructure to address critical research needs. In the discussions that took place, important themes emerged: (1) identification and assessment of LD and/or reading disabilities (RD) in ELLs (ELL/Ds), (2) understanding of the language and literacy developmental trajectories of ELLs, (3) understanding of the individual and contextual factors affecting outcomes, (4) the intersection of all of these areas with neurobiology, and (5) developing and testing the effectiveness of interventions for learning disabilities in ELL/Ds. These themes, and the research agenda that was forged around them, are presented. In addition, the practice implications of this agenda are presented, along with some suggestions for current practice while we await future research findings.","PeriodicalId":158079,"journal":{"name":"Learning Disabilities Research and Practice","volume":"351 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"119406608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Influences of Culture on Learning and Assessment Among Native American Students","authors":"William G. Demmert","doi":"10.1111/J.1540-5826.2005.00116.X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1540-5826.2005.00116.X","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this article is to raise issues concerning the influences of culture on assessments of Native American students. The nature and extent of the problem is portrayed by citing information from national data sources on the achievement of Native American students. Cultural aspects of assessment and principles of assessment are discussed, using personal experiences to encourage others to reflect on cultural aspects of assessment. The article ends with the argument that there is much to learn about assessing Native American and other minority students, taking into account the external influences of culture, environment, attitudes, context, and perspectives.","PeriodicalId":158079,"journal":{"name":"Learning Disabilities Research and Practice","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125371970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. McCardle, Joan A. Mele-McCarthy, L. Cutting, Kathleen Leos, Tim D'Emilio
{"title":"Learning Disabilities in English Language Learners: Identifying the Issues.","authors":"P. McCardle, Joan A. Mele-McCarthy, L. Cutting, Kathleen Leos, Tim D'Emilio","doi":"10.1111/J.1540-5826.2005.00114.X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1540-5826.2005.00114.X","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":158079,"journal":{"name":"Learning Disabilities Research and Practice","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124548545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}