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Opportunistic Positioning Using Unsynchronized References: Crowd Systems - Smartphones: Signals of opportunity, cellular systems (4G, 5G, WLAN, …) 使用不同步参考的机会定位:人群系统-智能手机:机会信号，蜂窝系统(4G, 5G, WLAN，…)
2020 European Navigation Conference (ENC) Pub Date : 2020-11-23 DOI: 10.23919/ENC48637.2020.9317503
Matija Rezar, Erik Štrumbelj, G. Pojani, C. Marshall
{"title":"Opportunistic Positioning Using Unsynchronized References: Crowd Systems - Smartphones: Signals of opportunity, cellular systems (4G, 5G, WLAN, …)","authors":"Matija Rezar, Erik Štrumbelj, G. Pojani, C. Marshall","doi":"10.23919/ENC48637.2020.9317503","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/ENC48637.2020.9317503","url":null,"abstract":"With a set of unsynchronized LTE receivers in known locations we localize another receiver, using only ToA measurements of incoming base station signals. We propose an abstract model for our system and cast it in a Bayesian statistical framework. Using Stan we perform MAP optimization to estimate the parameters and Hamiltonian Monte Carlo sampling to explore the posterior distributions. Using simulations and realworld data we show that the parameters of such a model can be estimated, given suitable parametrization. Our model is a basis for further developments in the Bayesian framework, such as adding non-line-of-sight mitigation.","PeriodicalId":157951,"journal":{"name":"2020 European Navigation Conference (ENC)","volume":"30 11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125875799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Requirements for sensor networks as part of the digital road 作为数字道路一部分的传感器网络的要求
2020 European Navigation Conference (ENC) Pub Date : 2020-11-23 DOI: 10.23919/ENC48637.2020.9317469
R. Harder, Uwe Plank-Wiedenbeck
{"title":"Requirements for sensor networks as part of the digital road","authors":"R. Harder, Uwe Plank-Wiedenbeck","doi":"10.23919/ENC48637.2020.9317469","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/ENC48637.2020.9317469","url":null,"abstract":"The development of a digital and networked traffic infrastructure is the key element for future fully automated driving. The communication between vehicles and from vehicles to the traffic infrastructure can optimize traffic flow increase traffic safety and reduce traffic-related emissions. By networking different sensors in the vehicle and on the infrastructure sensor networks are created that exchange data in real time to warn about dangerous situations and to optimally control traffic. The optimal configuration of the sensor networks for different conditions and taking into account the requirements of traffic environment and building management is the task of the research group “The Digital Road” at the Bauhaus University Weimar.","PeriodicalId":157951,"journal":{"name":"2020 European Navigation Conference (ENC)","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131821861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Realistic position error models for GNSS simulation in railway environments 铁路环境下GNSS仿真的真实位置误差模型
2020 European Navigation Conference (ENC) Pub Date : 2020-11-23 DOI: 10.23919/ENC48637.2020.9317444
Syed Ali Kazim, Nourdine Ait Tmazirte, J. Marais
{"title":"Realistic position error models for GNSS simulation in railway environments","authors":"Syed Ali Kazim, Nourdine Ait Tmazirte, J. Marais","doi":"10.23919/ENC48637.2020.9317444","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/ENC48637.2020.9317444","url":null,"abstract":"The positioning accuracy of a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) varies largely with the changing environmental conditions around the receiver. The accuracy degradation is mainly due to the presence of local threats like multipath, NLOS and interferences. During the train run, with the movement of the train, the environment around the track changes very rapidly, so as the positioning accuracy. In this work, we intend to separately examine and model different error distributions. Such error models can be beneficial to provide a flexible/variable protection level that can help to increase subsequent operations on the track and also for sending warning alerts to the trains if any of them is in the degraded mode to avoid train collisions. We present a methodology to model the position errors that are expected to be representative of the environment around the track. The track errors are characterized by 3 different environments: open-sky, forest and urban/suburban regions, as they are typically present around the track. The position errors are projected into the track frame for its suitability with the railway application. The realistic error models are then developed from the estimated errors at the position level. The results presented here show some Gaussian based distribution that will feed the simulation chain developed in the EU Gate4Rail project.","PeriodicalId":157951,"journal":{"name":"2020 European Navigation Conference (ENC)","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130490752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
The Chimera solution: performance assessment 奇美拉解决方案:绩效评估
2020 European Navigation Conference (ENC) Pub Date : 2020-11-23 DOI: 10.23919/ENC48637.2020.9317338
M. Nicola, B. Motella, M. Gamba
{"title":"The Chimera solution: performance assessment","authors":"M. Nicola, B. Motella, M. Gamba","doi":"10.23919/ENC48637.2020.9317338","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/ENC48637.2020.9317338","url":null,"abstract":"Both GPS and Galileo are introducing features of authentication in some of their legacy civil signals. In particular, an experimental version of the solution designed for the GPS L1C signal, known as Chimera, will be transmitted by the NTS-3 satellite, foreseen to be launched in the next future. This paper presents an assessment of the Chimera performance, dealing with two aspects: firstly, it introduces the results concerning the application of theoretical metrics, and then analyses the performance related to an actual implementation of Chimera inside the receiver.","PeriodicalId":157951,"journal":{"name":"2020 European Navigation Conference (ENC)","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115115021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Equivalent Circuit for Phase Delay in a Medium Frequency Antenna 中频天线相位延迟等效电路
2020 European Navigation Conference (ENC) Pub Date : 2020-11-23 DOI: 10.23919/ENC48637.2020.9317493
Lars Grundhöfer, S. Gewies
{"title":"Equivalent Circuit for Phase Delay in a Medium Frequency Antenna","authors":"Lars Grundhöfer, S. Gewies","doi":"10.23919/ENC48637.2020.9317493","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/ENC48637.2020.9317493","url":null,"abstract":"The R(anging)-Mode is proposed as a maritime terrestrial backup system to Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) which are today the primary system for providing position, navigation and timing data onboard the ship. To enable accurate positioning with medium frequency R-Mode, a model is needed which describes the influence of the transmitter chain on the phase and amplitudes of the medium frequency R-Mode signal components. The paper depicts the influence of the transmitter chain, which is optimized for the transmission of a minimum shift keyed (MSK) modulated signal, with an equivalent circuit model with lumped elements that describes the transmitting antenna and the antenna tuning unit. Using this model, amplitude variations and signal delays are discussed.","PeriodicalId":157951,"journal":{"name":"2020 European Navigation Conference (ENC)","volume":"358 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132130029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Adaptive notch filtering against complex interference scenarios 针对复杂干扰情况的自适应陷波滤波
2020 European Navigation Conference (ENC) Pub Date : 2020-11-23 DOI: 10.23919/ENC48637.2020.9317518
J. R. V. D. Merwe, F. Garzia, A. Rügamer, Iñigo Cortes Vidal, W. Felber
{"title":"Adaptive notch filtering against complex interference scenarios","authors":"J. R. V. D. Merwe, F. Garzia, A. Rügamer, Iñigo Cortes Vidal, W. Felber","doi":"10.23919/ENC48637.2020.9317518","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/ENC48637.2020.9317518","url":null,"abstract":"Interference events in the global navigation satellite system (GNSS) spectrum are becoming commonplace. Therefore, the likelihood of receiving multiple simultaneous interference signals is increasing. A common approach to such complex scenarios is to cascade multiple mitigation processors. This paper analyses the response of cascaded adaptive notch filtering (ANF) against two simultaneous frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) interferences. Results show that if the amplitude differences between the FMCW interferences are sufficient, then a cascaded approach can be successful. However, if the amplitudes are similar, then an ANF would lock onto the wrong frequency-typically a frequency between the two interferences-causing significant performance losses. This effect emphasizes the need for more advanced interference mitigation methods to overcome these limitations, such as the use of multi-spectral methods.","PeriodicalId":157951,"journal":{"name":"2020 European Navigation Conference (ENC)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128735026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 6
Towards an Integrity-Based GNSS Measurement Quality Model for an In-Depth Understanding of Localization Dependability 基于完整性的GNSS测量质量模型及其对定位可靠性的深入理解
2020 European Navigation Conference (ENC) Pub Date : 2020-11-23 DOI: 10.23919/ENC48637.2020.9317430
A. Geffert, A. Dodinoiu, T. Lan, U. Becker
{"title":"Towards an Integrity-Based GNSS Measurement Quality Model for an In-Depth Understanding of Localization Dependability","authors":"A. Geffert, A. Dodinoiu, T. Lan, U. Becker","doi":"10.23919/ENC48637.2020.9317430","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/ENC48637.2020.9317430","url":null,"abstract":"GNSS-based railway localization will only be approvable if it fulfils RAMS requirements. Therefore, a model that explains the relation between the GNSS domain (measurement quality) and the traffic domain (dependability) would facilitate the safety case. Such a model is developed based on integrity monitoring, showing the way from the error point cloud over time series to specific distributions of durations. That measurement quality model is used to exemplarily develop a dependability model of railway localization on the basis of virtual balises (e.g., for track-selective applications).","PeriodicalId":157951,"journal":{"name":"2020 European Navigation Conference (ENC)","volume":"4661 2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133841023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Impact of Robust Interference Mitigation on GNSS Timing 鲁棒干扰减缓对GNSS授时的影响
2020 European Navigation Conference (ENC) Pub Date : 2020-11-23 DOI: 10.23919/ENC48637.2020.9317331
D. Borio, C. Gioia
{"title":"Impact of Robust Interference Mitigation on GNSS Timing","authors":"D. Borio, C. Gioia","doi":"10.23919/ENC48637.2020.9317331","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/ENC48637.2020.9317331","url":null,"abstract":"Robust Interference Mitigation (RIM) is a class of techniques that can significantly improve the performance of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receivers in the presence of jamming and interference. While RIM enables receiver operations in the presence of significant levels of jamming, biases and other distortions could be introduced in the final navigation solution. This paper experimentally analyses the impact of RIM on the timing solution of a GNSS receiver acting as a timing device. In this case, the user coordinates are fixed and the receiver only computes the clock bias and drift. Several tests have been performed and different GNSS modulations have been considered. From the analysis, it emerges that GNSS does not introduce biases. Moreover, the stability of the timing solution, as quantified by the Allan Deviation (ADEV), is not affected by RIM.","PeriodicalId":157951,"journal":{"name":"2020 European Navigation Conference (ENC)","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133047801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Towards a new GNSS observation weighting strategy for terrestrial applications 面向地面应用的GNSS观测加权新策略
2020 European Navigation Conference (ENC) Pub Date : 2020-11-23 DOI: 10.23919/ENC48637.2020.9317393
Nourdine Ait Tmazirte, Syed Ali Kazim, J. Marais
{"title":"Towards a new GNSS observation weighting strategy for terrestrial applications","authors":"Nourdine Ait Tmazirte, Syed Ali Kazim, J. Marais","doi":"10.23919/ENC48637.2020.9317393","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/ENC48637.2020.9317393","url":null,"abstract":"GNSS observations weighting models have received attention in the past decades. Several reasons can explain this gain in consideration. It mainly corresponds to the emergence of autonomous, global, continuous, precise and integrity-compliant localization systems. Indeed, for safety critical applications, adopting a naive strategy of observations' equal weighting could not guarantee to achieve all goals, and even more for terrestrial applications where the local environment can strongly disturb signals reception. The existing observation models use one or two metrics to estimate the confidence to be given to an observation. The first is the satellites' elevations. This model considers that the satellites with low elevation are more subjected to global errors (orbit and atmosphere errors) or local multipath or NLOS phenomena. The second criterion is the carrier to noise ratio provided by the receiver. However, combining these two criteria by a simple multiplication of the two models taken separately presents a limit: the result is no more ‘under control’. In this study, we propose to formulate a new weighting strategy using these two criteria more guided by expertise's expected results.","PeriodicalId":157951,"journal":{"name":"2020 European Navigation Conference (ENC)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116251022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Need and Approaches for Norm-Compliant Qualification for Satellite Based Train Localization Evaluation - Assessment- Certification - Approval 卫星列车国产化评估-评估-认证-批准的规范符合性鉴定需求与方法
2020 European Navigation Conference (ENC) Pub Date : 2020-11-23 DOI: 10.23919/ENC48637.2020.9317322
E. Schnieder
{"title":"Need and Approaches for Norm-Compliant Qualification for Satellite Based Train Localization Evaluation - Assessment- Certification - Approval","authors":"E. Schnieder","doi":"10.23919/ENC48637.2020.9317322","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/ENC48637.2020.9317322","url":null,"abstract":"Following the CENELEC railway standards for development of safe railway control and protection systems, their generic safety case and its technical safety report will be analyzed and applied in detail for a satellite-based train localization system. A norm compliant qualification procedure and a collection for both the GNSS localization's and other sensor component's performance values as well as for the localization system build is defined.","PeriodicalId":157951,"journal":{"name":"2020 European Navigation Conference (ENC)","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124916022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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