Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health最新文献_第4页

Excess mortality among essential workers in England and Wales during the COVID-19 pandemic COVID-19大流行期间英格兰和威尔士基本工作人员的死亡率过高

Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health Pub Date : 2022-04-25 DOI: 10.1136/jech-2022-218786

M. Matz, C. Allemani, M. V. van Tongeren, V. Nafilyan, S. Rhodes, K. van Veldhoven, L. Pembrey, M. Coleman, N. Pearce

{"title":"Excess mortality among essential workers in England and Wales during the COVID-19 pandemic","authors":"M. Matz, C. Allemani, M. V. van Tongeren, V. Nafilyan, S. Rhodes, K. van Veldhoven, L. Pembrey, M. Coleman, N. Pearce","doi":"10.1136/jech-2022-218786","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/jech-2022-218786","url":null,"abstract":"Background Exposure to SARS-CoV-2, subsequent development of COVID-19 and death from COVID-19 may vary by occupation, and the risks may be higher for those categorised as ‘essential workers’. Methods We estimated excess mortality by occupational group and sex separately for each month in 2020 and for the entire 12 months overall. Results Mortality for all adults of working age was similar to the annual average over the previous 5 years. Monthly excess mortality peaked in April, when the number of deaths was 54.2% higher than expected and was lowest in December when deaths were 30.0% lower than expected. Essential workers had consistently higher excess mortality than other groups throughout 2020. There were also large differences in excess mortality between the categories of essential workers, with healthcare workers having the highest excess mortality and social care and education workers having the lowest. Excess mortality also varied widely between men and women, even within the same occupational group. Generally, excess mortality was higher in men. Conclusions In summary, excess mortality was consistently higher for essential workers throughout 2020, particularly for healthcare workers. Further research is needed to examine excess mortality by occupational group, while controlling for important confounders such as ethnicity and socioeconomic status. For non-essential workers, the lockdowns, encouragement to work from home and to maintain social distancing are likely to have prevented a number of deaths from COVID-19 and from other causes.","PeriodicalId":15778,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health","volume":"19 1","pages":"660 - 666"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88819629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 12

Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the workforce: from psychological distress to the Great Resignation COVID-19大流行对劳动力的影响:从心理困扰到大辞职

Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health Pub Date : 2022-03-16 DOI: 10.1136/jech-2022-218826

Gabriela Ksinan Jiskrova

引用次数: 31

Residential mobility and potentially avoidable hospitalisations in a population-based cohort of New Zealand children 以人口为基础的新西兰儿童队列的居住流动性和潜在可避免的住院

Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health Pub Date : 2022-03-15 DOI: 10.1136/jech-2021-218509

Kim Nathan, O. Robertson, Polly Atatoa Carr, P. Howden-Chapman, N. Pierse

{"title":"Residential mobility and potentially avoidable hospitalisations in a population-based cohort of New Zealand children","authors":"Kim Nathan, O. Robertson, Polly Atatoa Carr, P. Howden-Chapman, N. Pierse","doi":"10.1136/jech-2021-218509","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/jech-2021-218509","url":null,"abstract":"Background Residential moves are common in early childhood and associations have been found between residential mobility and adverse child health and well-being outcomes. Although there are studies on potentially avoidable hospitalisations (PAH) in children, few have examined PAH in relation to residential mobility. Our aim, therefore, was to investigate residential mobility and PAH in a population-based cohort of New Zealand children. Methods Using a retrospective cohort design, we analysed data from the Integrated Data Infrastructure for a cohort of 314 283 children born since the start of 2004, who had at least one residential address recorded by 2 years of age. Residential mobility was derived from address data and PAH were determined from hospital discharge data. Results Half of the cohort children (52%) experienced at least one residential move by 2 years of age, and 22% experienced two or more moves. Fifteen per cent of the cohort experienced one or more PAH between 2 and 4 years of age. A linear association between residential mobility and PAH was found (relative risk (RR)=1.18, CI 1.17 to 1.19) and this remained robust when adjusting for several covariates. Sensitivity analyses for ambulatory care sensitive hospitalisations (ACSH) and PAH attributable to the housing/physical environment (PAH-HE) produced results very similar to those for PAH (ACSH: adjusted RR (aRR)=1.10, CI 1.09 to 1.11; PAH-HE: aRR=1.11, CI 1.10 to 1.12). Conclusion This study found a linear association between higher residential mobility and an increased likelihood of PAH in young children. Avenues for further investigation are suggested.","PeriodicalId":15778,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health","volume":"43 1","pages":"606 - 612"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88947264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Correction: Religious affiliation and COVID-19-related mortality: a retrospective cohort study of prelockdown and postlockdown risks in England and Wales 更正:宗教信仰与covid -19相关死亡率:英格兰和威尔士封城前和封城后风险的回顾性队列研究

Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health Pub Date : 2022-03-02 DOI: 10.1136/jech-2020-215694corr2

Anonymous

引用次数: 0

Correction: Early-life social and health determinants of adult socioeconomic position: associations and trends across generations 更正:成年社会经济地位的早期社会和健康决定因素:跨代的关联和趋势

Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health Pub Date : 2021-04-22 DOI: 10.1136/jech-2019-213209corr1

引用次数: 0

Correction: Association of socioeconomic deprivation with opioid prescribing in primary care in England: a spatial analysis 更正:社会经济剥夺与阿片类药物处方在英格兰初级保健的关联:一个空间分析

Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health Pub Date : 2021-02-25 DOI: 10.1136/jech-2020-214676corr1

引用次数: 0

Socioeconomic disparities in smoking are partially explained by chronic financial stress: marginal structural model of older US adults 吸烟的社会经济差异部分可以用慢性财务压力来解释:美国老年人的边际结构模型

Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health Pub Date : 2019-12-23 DOI: 10.1136/jech-2019-213357

Abtin Parnia, A. Siddiqi

{"title":"Socioeconomic disparities in smoking are partially explained by chronic financial stress: marginal structural model of older US adults","authors":"Abtin Parnia, A. Siddiqi","doi":"10.1136/jech-2019-213357","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/jech-2019-213357","url":null,"abstract":"Background A persistent socioeconomic gradient in smoking has been observed in a variety of populations. While stress is hypothesised to play a mediating role, the extent of this mediation is unclear. We used marginal structural models (MSMs) to estimate the proportion of the effect of socioeconomic status (SES) on smoking, which can be explained by an indicator of stress related to SES, experiences of chronic financial stress. Methods Using the Health and Retirement Study (waves 7–12, 2004–2014), a survey of older adults in the USA, we analysed a total sample of 15 260 people. A latent variable corresponding to adult SES was created using several indicators of socioeconomic position (wealth, income, education, occupation and labour force status). The main analysis was adjusted for other factors that influence the pathway from adult SES to stress and smoking, including personal coping resources, health-related factors, early-life SES indicators and other demographic variables to estimate the proportion of the effect explained by these pathways. Results Compared with those in the top SES quartile, those in the bottom quartile were more than four times as likely to be current smokers (rate ratio 4.37, 95% CI 3.35 to 5.68). The estimate for the MSM attenuated the effect size to 3.34 (95% CI 2.47 to 4.52). Chronic financial stress explained 30.4% of the association between adult SES and current smoking (95% CI 13 to 48). Conclusion While chronic financial stress accounts for part of the socioeconomic gradient in smoking, much remains unexplained.","PeriodicalId":15778,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health","volume":"2004 1","pages":"248 - 254"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88335798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 10

Characterising risk of homicide in a population-based cohort 以人群为基础的队列中凶杀风险的特征

Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health Pub Date : 2019-12-09 DOI: 10.1136/jech-2019-213249

Meghan O’Neill, Emmalin Buajitti, P. Donnelly, Jeremy A. Lewis, K. Kornas, L. Rosella

{"title":"Characterising risk of homicide in a population-based cohort","authors":"Meghan O’Neill, Emmalin Buajitti, P. Donnelly, Jeremy A. Lewis, K. Kornas, L. Rosella","doi":"10.1136/jech-2019-213249","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/jech-2019-213249","url":null,"abstract":"Background Homicide is an extreme expression of violence that has attracted less attention from public health researchers and policy makers interested in prevention. The purpose of this study was to examine the socioeconomic gradient of homicide and to determine whether risk differs by immigration status. Methods We conducted a population-based cohort study using linked vital statistics, census and population data sets that included all deaths by homicide from 1992 to 2012 in Ontario, Canada. We calculated age-adjusted death rates for homicide by material deprivation quintiles, stratified by immigration status. Count-based negative binomial regression models were used to calculate unadjusted and adjusted rate ratios with predictors of interest being age, urban residence, material deprivation and immigration status. A subanalysis containing immigrants only examined the effect of time since immigration and immigration class. Results There were 3345 homicide deaths registered between 1992 and 2012. Relative to low material deprivation areas, age-adjusted rates of homicide deaths in high materially deprived areas were similar among refugees (RR: 48.49; 95% CI 36.99 to 62.45) and long-term residents (RR: 47.67; 95% CI 44.66 to 50.83), but were slightly lower for non-refugee immigrants (RR: 38.53; 95% CI 32.42 to 45.45). Female refugees experienced a 1.31 (95% CI 0.88 to 1.94) higher rate and male refugees experienced a 1.23 (95% CI 0.90 to 1.67) higher rate of homicide victimisation compared with long-term residents. In an immigrant only analysis, the risk of homicide among refugees increased with duration of residence. Conclusions Given the large area-level, socioeconomic status gradients observed in homicides among refugees, community-level and culturally appropriate prevention approaches are important.","PeriodicalId":15778,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health","volume":"37 1","pages":"1028 - 1034"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81396535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Influence of sleep problems and co-occurring musculoskeletal pain on long-term prognosis of chronic low back pain: the HUNT Study 睡眠问题和同时发生的肌肉骨骼疼痛对慢性腰痛长期预后的影响:HUNT研究

Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health Pub Date : 2019-12-04 DOI: 10.1136/jech-2019-212734

E. Skarpsno, P. Mork, T. Nilsen, A. L. Nordstoga

{"title":"Influence of sleep problems and co-occurring musculoskeletal pain on long-term prognosis of chronic low back pain: the HUNT Study","authors":"E. Skarpsno, P. Mork, T. Nilsen, A. L. Nordstoga","doi":"10.1136/jech-2019-212734","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/jech-2019-212734","url":null,"abstract":"Background We investigated the influence of sleeplessness and number of insomnia symptoms on the probability of recovery from chronic low back pain (LBP), and the possible interplay between sleeplessness and co-occurring musculoskeletal pain on this association. Methods The study comprised data on 3712 women and 2488 men in the Norwegian HUNT study who reported chronic LBP at baseline in 1995–1997. A modified Poisson regression model was used to calculate adjusted risk ratios (RRs) for the probability of recovery from chronic LBP at follow-up in 2006–2008, associated with sleep problems and co-occurring musculoskeletal pain at baseline. Results Compared with persons without sleeplessness, persons who often/always experienced sleeplessness had a lower probability of recovery from chronic LBP (RR 0.65, 95% CI 0.57 to 0.74 in women and RR 0.81, 95% CI 0.69 to 0.95 in men). Although there was no clear evidence of statistical interaction between sleeplessness and co-occurring musculoskeletal pain, women and men who often/always experienced sleeplessness and had ≥5 additional chronic pain sites had RRs of recovery of 0.40 (95% CI 0.33 to 0.48) and 0.59 (95% CI 0.45 to 0.78), respectively, compared with persons without sleeplessness and 1–2 chronic pain sites. Conclusion These findings suggest that preventing or reducing sleep problems among people with chronic LBP may have the potential of improving the long-term prognosis of this condition, also among those with several additional pain sites.","PeriodicalId":15778,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health","volume":"3 1","pages":"283 - 289"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84790569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 35

Effect of exercise referral schemes upon health and well-being: initial observational insights using individual patient data meta-analysis from the National Referral Database 运动转诊方案对健康和福祉的影响:使用来自国家转诊数据库的个体患者数据荟萃分析的初步观察见解

Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health Pub Date : 2019-11-18 DOI: 10.1136/jech-2019-212674

M. Wade, S. Mann, R. Copeland, J. Steele

{"title":"Effect of exercise referral schemes upon health and well-being: initial observational insights using individual patient data meta-analysis from the National Referral Database","authors":"M. Wade, S. Mann, R. Copeland, J. Steele","doi":"10.1136/jech-2019-212674","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/jech-2019-212674","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives To examine if exercise referral schemes (ERSs) are associated with meaningful changes in health and well-being in a large cohort of individuals throughout England, Scotland, and Wales from the National Referral Database. Methods Data were obtained from 23 731 participants from 13 different ERSs lasting 6 weeks to 3 months. Changes from pre- to post-ERS in health and well-being outcomes were examined including body mass index (BMI), blood pressure (systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP)), resting heart rate (RHR), short Warwick Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale (SWEMWBS), WHO Well-Being Index (WHO-5), Exercise Related Quality of Life scale (ERQoL), and Exercise Self-Efficacy Scale (ESES). Two-stage individual patient data meta-analysis was used to generate effect estimates. Results Estimates (95% CIs) revealed statistically significant changes occurred compared with point nulls for BMI (−0.55 kg.m2 (−0.69 to −0.41)), SBP (−2.95 mmHg (−3.97 to −1.92)), SWEMWBS (2.99 pts (1.61 to 4.36)), WHO-5 (8.78 pts (6.84 to 10.63)), ERQoL (15.26 pts (4.71 to 25.82)), and ESES (2.58 pts (1.76 to 3.40)), but not RHR (0.22 f c (−1.57 to 1.12)) or DBP (−0.93 mmHg (−1.51 to −0.35)). However, comparisons of estimates (95% CIs) against null intervals suggested the majority of outcomes may not improve meaningfully. Conclusions We considered whether meaningful health and well-being changes occur in people who are undergoing ERSs. These results demonstrate that, although many health and well-being outcomes improved, the changes did not achieve meaningful levels. This suggests the need to consider the implementation of ERSs more critically to discern how to maximise their effectiveness.","PeriodicalId":15778,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health","volume":"14 1","pages":"32 - 41"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89693077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 23