Journal of Environmental Science and Technology最新文献

{"title":"Allocation and Management of Water Resources in the Yamchi Dam Basin with Scenario Analysis Approach Using WEAP Model","authors":"A. Feizi, Reza Aghajani Jomayran","doi":"10.22034/JEST.2021.51947.5049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22034/JEST.2021.51947.5049","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Objective: Due to limited water resources and increasing water needs, the potentials of water resource allocation using the traditional methods are decreased and the use of new allocation strategies and managing water resources in choosing projects and making correct decisions in allocating and managing water resources is more important than ever.Method: Accordingly, Yamchi dam and its downstream areas are simulated in the WEAP model environment and the model is implemented for current conditions and future development projects in ten different scenarios. The proposed scenarios included examining the impact of allocation, industry needs, increasing irrigation efficiency, removing groundwater resources, changing cropping patterns, single cropping, and combined scenarios. The entries included information on the Yamchi dam and reservoir, groundwater resources, and the parameters needed to calculate the nodes for drinking, agricultural, industrial and environmental needs.Findings: The results showed that among the proposed scenarios for the areas under study, the scenario of simultaneous change of cropping pattern and 65% increase in irrigation efficiency is the most suitable option among the studied scenarios, which meets time and volume reliability of drinking and agricultural needs by 100% and will reduce the needs of the current situation by 44%.Discussion and Conclusion: It is worth noting that if the groundwater source is eliminated for any reason, none of the solutions of changing the cropping pattern, increasing efficiency, etc. can fulfill the shortage and it is necessary to treat urban, agricultural and industrial wastewaters and reuse one of them. The results show that urban wastewater treatment and reuse can provide about 60 percent of the shortage of groundwater resources.","PeriodicalId":15762,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Science and Technology","volume":"68 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90164607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impact of Sanctions on Air Pollution in Iran from the Perspective of International Law","authors":"Ali Saberpour, Masoud Akhavan Fard, Gholamhossein Masoud","doi":"10.22034/JEST.2021.50759.4993","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22034/JEST.2021.50759.4993","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Aim: Economic sanctions can be defined as coercive economic measures against one or more countries in order to change the policies of the country targeted by the sanctions or at least expressing the views of the sanctioned country against the sanctioned. One of the most important issues to consider in imposing sanctions is the environment. According to some, the sanctions imposed on Iran in recent years have included only the economic and political spheres of the country; However, by knowing the scope of the sanctions, one can understand the far-reaching consequences of the sanctions and their effects on the environment, especially air pollution.Methods: In this article, descriptive-analytical method has been used.Findings: Economic sanctions due to reduction of government foreign exchange earnings due to restrictions on oil sales and foreign investment, granting of facilities of the World Environment Fund, transfer of environmental technologies and production of gasoline in domestic refineries due to restrictions on gasoline imports to the country and the deprivation of Iranian students studying abroad, has caused air pollution.Discussion and Conclusion: Since sanctions cause collective punishment and pressure on the whole society and considering the consequences of sanctions for the environment and especially air pollution and related issues such as health, with the life of the entire Iranian society It is incompatible with internationally accepted legal principles and obligations.","PeriodicalId":15762,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Science and Technology","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82230234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"شبیه سازی و تحلیل ترمودینامیکی و زیستمحیطی نیروگاه تولید برق و بخار پالایشگاه نفت تهران","authors":"محمد حسن خوشگفتارمنش, محمد تولمی","doi":"10.22034/JEST.2021.28021.3724","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22034/JEST.2021.28021.3724","url":null,"abstract":"زمینه و هدف: پالایشگاههای نفت از جمله انرژی بر ترین صنایع موجود می­باشند و آلاینده های زیادی تولید می­کنند. لذا شبیه سازی  ترمودینامیکی به منظور بررسی عملکرد  تجهیزات، تخمین آلاینده ها و اثرات زیست محیطی  از اهمیت خاصی برخوردار است. در این مقاله شبیه سازی و تحلیل ترمودینامیکی و زیست محیطی واحد تولید برق و بخار پالایشگاه تهران مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است. \u0000روش بررسی: در این خصوص دو سناریو برای بهبود عملکرد سامانه تولید همزمان توان و بخار پالایشگاه تهران پیشنهاد شده است. شبیه سازی ترمودینامیکی تجهیزات اصلی سامانه تولید توان و بخار در محیط Matlab انجام شده است. به منظور ارزیابی جوابهای شبیه سازی، از نرم افزار Thermoflex و Star استفاه گردیده است. همچنین برای تخمین اثرات زیست محیطی بر اساس تحلیل چرخه زندگی از نرم افزار Sima Pro استفاده شده است. \u0000یافته ها: نتایج نشان می­دهد دقت شبیه سازی ترمودینامیکی بسیار بالا می­باشد. میزان توان توربین های بخار در سناریو دو و سه 87/8 درصد افزایش یافته است. همچنین اثرات زیست محیطی در سناریو دوم 16 درصد و در سناریو سوم حدود 60 درصد کاهش یافته است. \u0000بحث و نتیجه گیری: با توجه به سناریوهای پیشنهادی  و بهینه سازی شبکه بخار پالایشگاه تهران، راندمان شبکه افزایش مصرف انرژی و تولید آلاینده ها کاهش چشمگیری می­یابد.","PeriodicalId":15762,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Science and Technology","volume":"180 1 1","pages":"17-30"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78154638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment Bio Capacity and Ecological Footprint of Urban Ecosystems (Case study: Hamedan)","authors":"P. Farhadi, Alireza Eldermi, Mirmihardad Migranir","doi":"10.22034/JEST.2021.35500.4243","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22034/JEST.2021.35500.4243","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Purpose: Knowledge of the ecological conditions prevailing in the region is essential to achieve sustainable development and reduce the increasing degradation of natural resources and the environment. The ecological footprint index is of great interest as a way to measure levels of sustainability. In this study, using the ecological footprint index of Hamedan urban ecosystem in 2014, it was studied. \u0000Material and Methods: In this study, ecological traces of consumption in two parts of consumption and production of the city were evaluated. The ecological footprint of the consumption sector was estimated in each of the four urban areas and using SPSS software, a significant difference between the areas, was determined. \u0000Results: The results showed that per capita ecological footprints in the consumption sector, including housing, transportation services, goods and food, were 0.13 globalhectares. The most significant ecological footprints in this section was of transportation with 3980.499 (gh) and the least important Foot print in this regard was food with 3864.6 global hectare; therefore, the urban living capacity was determined 0.59 globl hectare. \u0000Conclusion: The results indicate that the ecological footprint of the consumption sector does not create the unsustainability of the urban ecosystem and, by creating an ecological surplus in this part, the city of Hamedan is introduced as a creditor of ecology. Which indicates in this sector that the demand is lower than the supply. Besides, there is no significant difference between the ecological effects of consumption in four urban areas. It was also concluded that there was an ecological deficiency in production sector which indicates of ecosystem bioaccumulation consumption and it could disturb the ecological stability of the ecosystem.","PeriodicalId":15762,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Science and Technology","volume":"31 1","pages":"240-251"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81474216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Legal and Criminal Safeguards in Supporting Private Urban Green Space","authors":"Shirin Shirazian, Mohammad Shahpari","doi":"10.22034/JEST.2019.39309.4469","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22034/JEST.2019.39309.4469","url":null,"abstract":"The context and purpose of laws and regulations has always been one of the most important and effective tools of governments to preserve the fundamental values ​​of society; Thus, since the 1972 Stockholm Conference, environmental values ​​have been defined as one of the fundamental values ​​of human society. All countries are required to develop safeguards to protect the environment. One of the important components of the environment is vegetation, which is known in cities as urban green space. In Iran, several environmental laws have been developed at various levels, including legal, criminal, administrative and regulations. Therefore, laws and regulations are set and developed as tools of urban decision-making structure in order to protect and preserve these spaces in order to achieve the goals of urban sustainability and environmental justice. \u0000The research method in this article is descriptive-analytical which has been tried to collect laws, regulations related to the preservation and development of urban green space and also to identify challenges, gaps and shortcomings in the implementation and legal maintenance and development of urban green spaces and its privacy, take action. One of the most important laws in the field of urban green space is the bill on protection and expansion of green space in cities (approved in 1980) and the law amending the law on protection and expansion of green space in cities (approved in 2009). In order to preserve and develop urban green spaces, these laws have resorted to some legal and more criminal enforcement guarantees. \u0000The results of this study indicate that the laws and regulations related to green space in Iran are old and have many gaps and criticisms and in some cases it seems that it cannot meet the support needs as well as the development and maintenance of urban green space.","PeriodicalId":15762,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Science and Technology","volume":"39 1","pages":"115-127"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81483627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of effective factors on the ammonia removal efficiency in the wastewater treatment plants using the air stripping process","authors":"A. Zangeneh, S. Sabzalipour, A. Takdastan, R. J. Yengejeh, Morteza Abullatif Khafaie","doi":"10.22034/JEST.2021.57356.5238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22034/JEST.2021.57356.5238","url":null,"abstract":"Removal of ammonia from wastewater in the wastewater treatment plants due to its dangerous and toxic effects on human health and biotic resources is essential. This study was aimed to investigate the effective operational parameters on the efficiency of the air stripping process, determine their priority and degree of effect on ammonia removal and compare the ammonia removal efficiency during the air stripping process in the municipal treatment plants using synthetic and real wastewater.In this study, the effect of each operating parameter on the ammonia removal efficiency including initial ammonia concentration, pH and temperature during the air stripping process for synthetic and real wastewater, respectively, based on standard methods (the Nesslerization method, preparation of standard solutions) using a spectrophotometer, pH meter and temperature module were evaluated.The results of this study showed that the maximum of ARE for synthetic wastewater with Air to water ratio 80 and an initial ammonia concentration of 59. 6 mg /l, pH 12.05 and temperature 46.3°C was %91. Also, the results of the study on the ARE during the air stripping process showed that the maximum of ARE (%91) for real wastewater (primary sedimentation tank effluent (PST)) with Air to water ratio 80 and an initial ammonia concentration of 61.04 mg/l, pH 12.53 and temperature 45.9 ° C was obtained.Based on the results of univariate regression model, initial ammonia concentration˃ temperature˃ pH have the greatest effect on the ammonia removal efficiency in synthetic wastewater and real wastewater, respectively. In the multivariate regression model, the effect of temperature and pH on the ammonia removal efficiency in synthetic and real wastewater is increasing and decreasing, respectively. Based on the findings of this study, the air stripping process can be successfully used to remove ammonia from wastewater in the municipal treatment plants, especially in the tropics.","PeriodicalId":15762,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Science and Technology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89611098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mass Transfer Modeling For CO2 Removal from Environment with the Aim of Green Biomethanation and Methanogens Growth Optimization","authors":"S. Jafari, S. Osfouri, R. Azin","doi":"10.22034/JEST.2021.42400.4565","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22034/JEST.2021.42400.4565","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Objective: CO2 concentration, as the main greenhouse gas, is growing in atmosphere and many alternatives have been investigated to deal with it. However, harnessing with the aim of biomethanation seems to be more economic. \u0000Method: In this study a mass transfer modeling was conducted for a biomethanation process under a batch strategy aiming at maximizing liquid active volume. The accuracy of modeling results was assessed via comparing with experimental data and kinetic results under zero-dimension study. Then one-dimensional study was conducted in order to investigate biomass and hydrogen concentration profiles within liquid phase of the bioreactor and active volume calculation. Response surface method (RSM) was also served to investigate effect of temperature, pressure and as three main factors on active volume followed by response optimization. \u0000Findings: Model accuracy was confirmed by zero-dimension study. One-dimensional study was also revealed that biomass growth dispersion within liquid phase depends on hydrogen profile concentration on condition that both hydrogen and biomass diffusion coefficients were assumed to be equal. Their degree of magnification was 10-9  in standard conditions. RSM showed that the three studied factors significantly affected on bioreactor active volume. Meanwhile, pressure and temperature influenced the most, respectively. \u0000Discussion and Conclusion: A batch bioreactor with  and high pressure and temperature met optimal conditions for biomethanation; however, process economy defines operational limitations.","PeriodicalId":15762,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Science and Technology","volume":"47 1","pages":"39-50"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72818206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determine the willingness to pay for improved air quality in Tehran","authors":"Ehsan Asgharzad, K. H. Kiani, Ali Emami Meybodi, F. Asgari","doi":"10.22034/JEST.2021.44608.4693","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22034/JEST.2021.44608.4693","url":null,"abstract":"B \u0000Background and Objective: Due to the need for citizens to be aware of the value of clean air and the impact of pollution on their assets, as well as the possibility of better analysis of projects and compare them with each other and selecting the best and least expensive project for policy makers and economic planners, this study The value of clean air and the willingness to pay to improve air quality has been estimated by citizens in the metropolis of Tehran. \u0000Method: In contrast to the conventional economic method in which the value of a commodity is calculated for all commodity availability, hedonic is a method by which the value of enjoyment is determined by the characteristics of a commodity. The hedonic pricing method is the observed price of a commodity regression On its qualitative attributes, therefore, it can be said that hedonic method considers the demand of a product or input as a function of its characteristics. In this research, we used the data of the transactions carried out in the housing market of Tehran during the period of 1395 and based on the three structural, neighborhood and environmental characteristics we have estimated the price of the Tehran's hedonic price function. Accordingly, 7141 samples of real transactions were collected by simple random sampling from 22 areas of Tehran. \u0000Findings: The results show that 81 percent of logarithmic changes in housing prices are explained by selected variables in a two-way logarithmic model. Most of the variables used are meaningful and have an expected sign. Also, using the implicit derivative, the coefficient of air quality index is estimated from the function of the hedonic price. \u0000Discussion and Conclusion: The final desire to pay for a unit of air quality index (improvement of air quality index) for each household in Tehran is equal to the figure of about 3 million rials. According to the average purchase area of ​​72 square meters in Tehran, the final desire to pay per square meter is 42 thousand Rials.","PeriodicalId":15762,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Science and Technology","volume":"29 1","pages":"117-131"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87803044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prioritization of the factors effective on urban development and zonation using Ecological and Information Value and Correlation Models (A case study in Mazandaran Province)","authors":"Eisa Jokar Sarhangi, Mohmmadali Zangeneh Asadi","doi":"10.22034/JEST.2021.21904.3098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22034/JEST.2021.21904.3098","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Objective: It is important to determine the ecological capacity of zones for appropriate location of urban places. In zonation these are different factor. The study attempts prioritize these factors and to develop the zonation map of the province of Mazandaran using models of ecological urban development, information value and correlation. \u0000Method: At first, effective ecological factors in determining appropriate zonation for urban development in the form of information layers were developed in Arc GIS environment the urban development ecological model was used for determining range of each class. However for calculating the weight of classes in each factor model of information value was used through comparing areas of cities in each class with the whole area. The weight of factors effective on zonation was calculated using the appropriate weight for each layer and implementing the above mentioned models. \u0000Findings: Results show that elevation of 0-400 and 1200-1800 meters, slope of 0-6 percents, the northern direction, quaternary fluvial, precipitation of less than 500 and higher 800 millimeters, wet of less than 60 percents and vegetation density of 30 -60 percents are appropriate for urban development. \u0000Discussion and Conclusion: factors of soil, lithology, elevation, slope, vegetation, wet, rain and aspect received the highest to the lowest priority in location of urban areas and obtaining zonation map respectively. Evaluation of the models indicated the information value is of a higher accuracy.","PeriodicalId":15762,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Science and Technology","volume":"11 1","pages":"105-115"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83133102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of the design principles of residential buildings in a moderate and humid climate with a natural ventilation approach (Case study: Analysis of simulated openings of a residential building in Amol city)","authors":"Reza Rahsepar Monfared, S. Kardar, Iraj Shahrooz Tehrani","doi":"10.22034/JEST.2021.40167.4482","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22034/JEST.2021.40167.4482","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Objective: Inattention to the climatic features of different regions and the absence of sufficient knowledge of the design principles for optimal use of the potentials of the natural environment leads to higher costs and waste of energy in various fields. Accordingly, due to high humidity in Amol and high cost of ventilation and reduction of moisture in summer, the main objective of this research is to examine and analyze the simulated openings of a residential building with a natural ventilation approach. \u0000Method: the present study was carried out in the first step by reviewing the subject literature on this issue and identifying the concepts and principles of residential building design in the field of energy. Then, by supplying the climate information file of Amol from the Weather Meteorology Center for the Climate Consultant software, Design elements were presented. Subsequently, the components were analyzed by Expert Choice software based on the AHP method and computation of component weight led to the final decision in choosing the most important component. Finally, with the simulation of the building in the Flow Design software, the impact of natural ventilation on residential slopes was investigated. \u0000Findings: seven components were extracted from the above software as principles of the design and tables of climate interpretation. In the following, with the hierarchical analysis method (AHP), a natural ventilation component with a weight of 0.399 was found to be the main component of the static solar power system. \u0000Discussion and conclusion: A natural ventilation pattern was designed in a building with a sloping roof and specific dimensions in the Amol climate. By changing the layout of two 1-square-meter openings on two walls with a height of 2.7 meters in opposite directions at two heights of 1 and 1.7 meters from the floor of the building, 4 airflow modes were simulated with regard to the wind speed of the area in the Flow Design software. In this simulation, by placing the wind tunnel perpendicular to two walls, it can be stated that the best natural ventilation efficiency from these four conditions, is the one with two under-roof structures at 1.7-meter height with the highest wind-suction coefficient of 1.19, which will make a reasonable ventilation and air flow in the simulated residential building.","PeriodicalId":15762,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Science and Technology","volume":"21 1","pages":"133-146"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84402286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}