Journal of embryology and experimental morphology最新文献_第2页

Development and degeneration of retina in rds mutant mice: observations in chimaeras of heterozygous mutant and normal genotype. rds突变小鼠视网膜的发育和退化:杂合突变体和正常基因型嵌合体的观察。

Journal of embryology and experimental morphology Pub Date : 1986-11-01

S Sanyal, C Dees, G H Zeilmaker

{"title":"Development and degeneration of retina in rds mutant mice: observations in chimaeras of heterozygous mutant and normal genotype.","authors":"S Sanyal, C Dees, G H Zeilmaker","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"In homozygous rds mutant mice the photoreceptor cells lack outer segment discs and slowly degenerate. In the heterozygotes the receptor cells develop abnormal outer segments and show altered disc shedding properties as revealed by the pigment epithelial phagosome content. The receptor cells also degenerate at a slower rate than in the homozygotes. The nature of the interaction resulting in dilution of the retinal lesion in the heterozygous retina was analysed in a series of chimaeras consisting of rds/+ and +/+ genotypes, which also differed in colour genes. In 64% of the chimaeras (18 out of 28) presence of both rds/+ and +/+ types of photoreceptors could be detected by electron microscopy. The relative proportion and patch size of the two components varied greatly between individuals but the location of the two types of photoreceptors was not related to the genotypes of the overlying pigment epithelial cells. Frequent occurrence of abnormally large phagosomes, resembling the rds/+ phenotype, was noted regularly in both rds/+ and +/+ types of pigment epithelial cells located above rds/+ types of receptors, but not in the cells of either genotype located above normal receptors. In the eyes examined at 12-18 months, localized and partial depletion of the perikaryal population in the outer nuclear layer was observed, and the location of such areas was also unrelated to the genotypes of the pigment epithelial cells. These findings confirm that the rds gene acts within the neural retina and possibly within the receptor cells and further show that the genetic interaction between the rds gene and its normal allele in the retina of the heterozygous mice takes place within the receptor cells.","PeriodicalId":15708,"journal":{"name":"Journal of embryology and experimental morphology","volume":"98 ","pages":"111-21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14776149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Development of neural tube basal lamina during neurulation and neural crest cell emigration in the trunk of the mouse embryo. 小鼠胚胎躯干神经发育过程中神经管基板发育及神经嵴细胞迁移。

Journal of embryology and experimental morphology Pub Date : 1986-11-01

M Martins-Green, C A Erickson

{"title":"Development of neural tube basal lamina during neurulation and neural crest cell emigration in the trunk of the mouse embryo.","authors":"M Martins-Green, C A Erickson","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"In the trunk of higher vertebrates, the neural crest (NC) cells remain temporarily within the dorsal portion of the neural tube after fusion of the neural folds; shortly thereafter they emigrate, invading surrounding spaces and tissues. One of the factors postulated to be important in the initiation of migration of NC cells is the disruption of the basal lamina (BL) over the dorsal portion of the neural tube. It has been assumed by many that the BL must be discontinuous in order that the NC cells can leave the neural tube; and indeed, experiments performed in our laboratory, and by others, have shown that NC cells cannot penetrate an intact BL. Therefore, we have undertaken a systematic ultrastructural study to evaluate the condition of the BL during neural fold elevation and NC cell emigration. Our results show that: (i) BL surrounding the neural epithelium (NE) becomes progressively more extensive from neural fold to migratory stages. It first forms on the lateral portion of the neuroepithelium of the neural folds and then extends ventrally into the region adjacent to the notochord; (ii) BL becomes continuous beneath the epidermal ectoderm (EE) that overlies the NC cell region only during the terminal stages of NC cell emigration; (iii) BL does not form over the dorsal portion of the neural tube until NC emigration is terminated; and (iv) the morphology of the BL changes as development proceeds. We conclude that absence of a BL over the premigratory NC cell population in the trunk of mouse embryos is a necessary but not a sufficient condition for emigration to take place.","PeriodicalId":15708,"journal":{"name":"Journal of embryology and experimental morphology","volume":"98 ","pages":"219-36"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14776094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The effect of retinoic acid pretreatment on the ability of murine embryonal carcinoma and inner cell mass cells to participate in chimaera development. 维甲酸预处理对小鼠胚胎癌及内细胞团细胞参与嵌合体发育能力的影响。

Journal of embryology and experimental morphology Pub Date : 1986-11-01

B K Waters, J Rossant

引用次数: 0

An in vitro assay for neural crest cell migration through the somites. 神经嵴细胞通过胞体迁移的体外实验。

Journal of embryology and experimental morphology Pub Date : 1986-11-01

G Guillory, M Bronner-Fraser

{"title":"An in vitro assay for neural crest cell migration through the somites.","authors":"G Guillory, M Bronner-Fraser","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Neural crest cells in the trunk of the avian embryo come into contact with the somites and neural tube during the course of their migration. However, the relationship between the somites and the early migratory routes followed by these cells is not yet completely understood. Here, we use a tissue culture assay to examine if avian neural crest cells migrate through the somites. Cultures of quail somites were prepared from four adjacent regions along the neural axis in the trunk. Each region had four pairs of consecutive somites with region I being most anterior and region IV containing the last four segments. Within each region, the somites were separated from other tissues by enzymatic digestion and plated onto collagen-coated dishes. Immunocytochemical techniques were used to confirm that no neural crest cells, recognized by the HNK-1 antibody, were present on the surface of the somites at the time of explanation. After several days in culture, the explanted somites were screened to identify pigment cells. Because neural crest cells give rise to all of the melanocytes in the trunk, the presence of pigment cells indicated that neural crest precursors were contained within the initial explant. After 5-11 days in vitro, the percentage of somite cultures containing pigment cells in regions I through IV, respectively, was 36%, 51%, 31% and 1%. These results suggest that neural crest cells migrate through the somitic mesenchyme and first enter the somites between 5 to 9 segments rostral to the most recently formed somite.","PeriodicalId":15708,"journal":{"name":"Journal of embryology and experimental morphology","volume":"98 ","pages":"85-97"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14437512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Chromosome analysis of single-pronuclear haploid parthenogenetic blastocysts and their inner cell mass derivatives. 单原核单倍体孤雌生殖囊胚及其内细胞群衍生物的染色体分析。

Journal of embryology and experimental morphology Pub Date : 1986-11-01

M T Schnebelen, M H Kaufman

{"title":"Chromosome analysis of single-pronuclear haploid parthenogenetic blastocysts and their inner cell mass derivatives.","authors":"M T Schnebelen, M H Kaufman","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Single-pronuclear haploid parthenogenetically activated mouse embryos were transferred to the oviducts of suitable recipients. One group of embryos was isolated at the morula stage and subsequently allowed to develop to the expanded blastocyst stage in vitro. Intact embryos were either analysed by the air-drying technique at that stage to determine their total cell number and ploidy, or treated by immunosurgery to isolate their inner cell mass. These were either analysed to establish their total cell number and ploidy, or retained in culture for an additional 24h or 72h. The inner cell mass derivatives were then analysed to establish the total cell number and ploidy. A second group of recipients was ovariectomized on the 4th day of pseudopregnancy, treated with Depo-Provera and blastocysts recovered 5 or 6 days later. The 'delayed' blastocysts recovered were treated by immunosurgery, and the inner cell masses isolated and either analysed at this time or transferred to culture for 72h, 96h or 144h. As in the previous groups, the inner cell mass derivatives were analysed to establish the total cell population present and their ploidy. The analysis of this material was found to be technically particularly difficult, though in general the non-'delayed' embryos and their inner cell mass derivatives yielded higher success rates than the 'delayed' inner cell mass derivatives. The 'delayed' inner cell masses initially contained on average about twice the number of cells compared to the number present in those isolated from the non-'delayed' expanded blastocysts.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)","PeriodicalId":15708,"journal":{"name":"Journal of embryology and experimental morphology","volume":"98 ","pages":"167-74"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14776152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Size regulation in the mouse embryo. II. The development of half embryos. 小鼠胚胎的大小调节。2半胚胎的发育

Journal of embryology and experimental morphology Pub Date : 1986-11-01

G F Rands

引用次数: 0

Stimulatory effects of insulin-like growth factors on DNA synthesis in the human embryonic cornea. 胰岛素样生长因子对人胚胎角膜DNA合成的刺激作用。

Journal of embryology and experimental morphology Pub Date : 1986-11-01

L Hyldahl, W Engström, P N Schofield

{"title":"Stimulatory effects of insulin-like growth factors on DNA synthesis in the human embryonic cornea.","authors":"L Hyldahl, W Engström, P N Schofield","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"10- to 12-week-old human embryonic eye globes were microdissected so that a passage was opened between the outer environment and the anterior chamber which rendered free access of tissue culture medium to the endothelial cell monolayer. The dissected eye globes were maintained in organ culture for 24 h in the continuous presence of tritiated thymidine. Cross sections were cut through the whole eye globes and subjected to autoradiographic analysis in order to estimate the mitogenic response of human embryonic corneal endothelial cells to externally supplied growth factors and hormones. It was found that the corneal endothelial cells could be stimulated to initiate DNA synthesis by exposure to insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I). The thymidine-labelling index doubled after IGF-I supplementation. Northern blot analysis revealed the abundant presence of IGF-II transcripts in the posterior eye. In contrast, the anterior portion of the eye, including the cornea, contains barely detectable levels of IGF-II transcripts. IGF-I transcripts were detected in both parts of the eye at much lower concentrations than those for IGF-II. No insulin transcripts were found. These results demonstrate that mRNA for both IGF-I and IGF-II is present in the late first trimester eye. The observed stimulatory effects of IGF-I in organ culture suggest that local production of IGF-I and IGF-II may stimulate cell proliferation in vivo.","PeriodicalId":15708,"journal":{"name":"Journal of embryology and experimental morphology","volume":"98 ","pages":"71-83"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14776097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The stability and movement of mRNA in Xenopus oocytes and embryos. 爪蟾卵母细胞和胚胎中mRNA的稳定性和运动。

Journal of embryology and experimental morphology Pub Date : 1986-10-01

A Colman, D Drummond

引用次数: 0

Parental origin effects in mice. 小鼠亲代起源效应。

Journal of embryology and experimental morphology Pub Date : 1986-10-01

B M Cattanach

引用次数: 0

Asymmetric movements of cytoplasmic components in Caenorhabditis elegans zygotes. 秀丽隐杆线虫受精卵细胞质成分的不对称运动。

Journal of embryology and experimental morphology Pub Date : 1986-10-01

S Strome

引用次数: 0