Journal of environmental radioactivity最新文献

{"title":"U(VI) sorption onto rutile surface in the presence or absence of EDTA: A combined macroscopic and spectroscopic study","authors":"Wanqiang Zhou ,&nbsp;Fan Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jenvrad.2025.107640","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jenvrad.2025.107640","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Knowledge of the sorption and speciation of uranium at mineral/water interface is essential to predict its long-term behavior. The sorption of uranium on minerals is well known affected by its interaction with EDTA. Here, the sorption of U(VI) on rutile in the presence or absence of EDTA was investigated by combining batch sorption, species calculation, time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy (TRFS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The batch sorption results suggest that the sorption of U(VI) on rutile is governed by outer-sphere surface complexation under acidic conditions, and undergoes a transformation to inner-sphere surface complexation as the pH increases. In the presence of EDTA, the sorption process is dominated by inner-sphere interactions across the entire pH range. EDTA has been observed to reduce the sorption of U(VI) on minerals, thereby enhancing the mobility of U(VI). Greater inhibition of U(VI) sorption was observed with increasing concentration of EDTA. The TRFS and XPS analysis reveal that the uranium presents as entirely distinct surface complexes on rutile in the presence or absence of EDTA. These findings are essential for understanding the sorption mechanism of U(VI) with EDTA at a molecular scale and developing a reliable assessment for the long-term storage of radioactive waste.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15667,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental radioactivity","volume":"283 ","pages":"Article 107640"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143420015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantifying historical releases of radium-226 from Canadian mining operations to freshwaters","authors":"C.L. Proulx ,&nbsp;B.W. Kilgour ,&nbsp;R.R. Goulet","doi":"10.1016/j.jenvrad.2025.107629","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jenvrad.2025.107629","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A common misconception is that radium-226 (Ra-226) is released into receiving waters exclusively by uranium mines and mills. In fact, Ra-226 is routinely analyzed in mining effluent across various sectors. Using data reported under the Canadian <em>Metal and Diamond Mining Effluent Regulations</em>, Ra-226 releases from mine effluent were evaluated for the period of 2014–2022. Final treated effluent concentrations ranged from 0.2 to 7800 mBq/L. Data were grouped by mining sector as being either precious metals, base metals, ferrous metal, non-ferrous metals, uranium ore, or diamonds. Mean Ra-226 concentrations were highest for non-ferrous metal mines (51.9 mBq/L), followed by base metal (31.6 mBq/L), diamond (23.8 mBq/L), uranium (22.0 mBq/L), precious metal (15.0 mBq/L), and ferrous metal mines (11.0 mBq/L). Mean concentrations for non-ferrous, base metal, diamond, and uranium mining sectors exceeded the upper tolerance limit (UTL) for natural background concentrations (21.7 mBq/L), calculated using reference data from Northern Saskatchewan. Median concentrations, however, were below the UTL for all sectors, indicating episodic high Ra-226 releases likely influenced by variations in the uranium content of the ore bodies. This study demonstrates that Ra-226 activity concentrations in final treated effluent from uranium mining operations are lower than those from other mining sectors, challenging the perception that uranium operations are the primary source of Ra-226 releases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15667,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental radioactivity","volume":"283 ","pages":"Article 107629"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143394660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"\"Fusion of Horizons\": Part I. Historical context and early radon discoveries (until 1951)","authors":"Robert Bobkier ,&nbsp;Konstantin Kovler ,&nbsp;Andrey Tsapalov","doi":"10.1016/j.jenvrad.2025.107636","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jenvrad.2025.107636","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This part of the article delves into the early discoveries and historical progression of radon research, focusing on its health implications and the development of initial regulatory frameworks. It traces the journey of radon from ancient mining observations to the pioneering studies of the 19th and early 20th centuries, highlighting its transformation from a misunderstood substance to a recognized health hazard. Key milestones are emphasized, including the first scientific observations of radon's effects, the formulation of radiological protection principles, and the establishment of initial international guidelines. Through a hermeneutic perspective, the article explores how these early efforts laid the groundwork for modern regulatory practices, illustrating the dynamic relationship between scientific advancement and societal needs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15667,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental radioactivity","volume":"283 ","pages":"Article 107636"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143394659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"\"Fusion of Horizons\": Part II. Modernizing radon regulation (1954–1993)","authors":"Robert Bobkier ,&nbsp;Konstantin Kovler ,&nbsp;Andrey Tsapalov","doi":"10.1016/j.jenvrad.2025.107637","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jenvrad.2025.107637","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This part of the article explores the transformation of radon regulation between 1954 and 1993, a period marked by significant advancements in scientific understanding and public health policy. It examines the shift from occupational to residential radon exposure concerns, the integration of epidemiological data into regulatory frameworks, and the emergence of international standards such as ICRP 65. By analyzing this changes through Gadamer's hermeneutic concept of \"fusion of horizons,\" the study underscores how evolving scientific insights and social expectations redefined the approach to radon as a public health challenge. This part highlights the milestones that bridged the gap between early regulatory attempts and comprehensive modern frameworks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15667,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental radioactivity","volume":"283 ","pages":"Article 107637"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143376693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of zebrafish (Danio rerio) mesh-type model at multi-life stages and Monte Carlo simulations of dosimetric parameters","authors":"Huiyuan Xue ,&nbsp;Wenxing Xu ,&nbsp;Xiaotong Gao ,&nbsp;Han Gao ,&nbsp;Xinjie Wang ,&nbsp;Jin Gao ,&nbsp;Yidi Wang ,&nbsp;Kaijin Yan ,&nbsp;Tao Wu ,&nbsp;Jiahao Guo ,&nbsp;Binquan Niu ,&nbsp;Mingxu Zheng ,&nbsp;Fengmei Cui ,&nbsp;Yu Tu ,&nbsp;Liang Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.jenvrad.2025.107625","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jenvrad.2025.107625","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;As socioeconomic development progresses, nuclear energy and technology advance rapidly. Concurrently, nuclear accidents may result in the release of additional radioactive isotopes into the environment. Groundwater and oceans are key pathways for radioactive nuclides in the environmental cycle, with aquatic organisms being particularly vulnerable to radiation exposure. Aquatic model organisms are essential for studying radiation effects on non-human species in aquatic environments and for extrapolating dose-response relationships to humans. However, current models for calculating radiation doses in the aquatic model organism zebrafish remain underdeveloped. To better elucidate the mechanisms of radiation damage effects, integrating Micro-CT and 3D modeling techniques, a series of zebrafish mesh-type models (including adults and larvae, named zebrafish-mesh family: ZF-mesh family) with multiple internal organs are established in this study. The Monte Carlo software PHITS is used to simulate and calculate the Absorbed Fractions (AFs) and S-values for single-energy electrons ranging from 0.001 to 10 MeV, single-energy photons from 0.001 to 5 MeV, and eight radioactive nuclides commonly found in nuclear power plant liquid effluents: &lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;H, &lt;sup&gt;14&lt;/sup&gt;C, &lt;sup&gt;90&lt;/sup&gt;Sr, &lt;sup&gt;106&lt;/sup&gt;Ru, &lt;sup&gt;134&lt;/sup&gt;Cs, &lt;sup&gt;137&lt;/sup&gt;Cs, &lt;sup&gt;60&lt;/sup&gt;Co, &lt;sup&gt;131&lt;/sup&gt;I, across various source-target organ configurations. The results indicate that the mesh-type models of zebrafish at multiple developmental stages can be used for radiation dosimetry calculations. Analysis of the dosimetry parameter database, established through Monte Carlo calculations with this series of mesh-type models, shows that the maximum difference in self-AFs between the geometric and curved models reaches 52.8%. Comparisons between models at different developmental stages show that the impact of radioactive nuclides on internal organs depends on both the decay properties of the nuclides and the organ volumes. For adult fish, the dose contribution from &lt;sup&gt;90&lt;/sup&gt;Sr is most significant, reaching up to 1.81 &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;×&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;msup&gt;&lt;mn&gt;10&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;−&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;5&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msup&gt;&lt;mspace&gt;&lt;/mspace&gt;&lt;mi&gt;m&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mtext&gt;Gy&lt;/mtext&gt;&lt;msup&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;·&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mtext&gt;MBq&lt;/mtext&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;−&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;1&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msup&gt;&lt;mo&gt;·&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;msup&gt;&lt;mi&gt;s&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;−&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;1&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msup&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; in the heart of male fish. In larvae fish, &lt;sup&gt;14&lt;/sup&gt;C has the most notable impact, with a dose rate of 4.38 &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;×&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;msup&gt;&lt;mn&gt;10&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;−&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;3&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msup&gt;&lt;mspace&gt;&lt;/mspace&gt;&lt;mi&gt;m&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mtext&gt;Gy&lt;/mtext&gt;&lt;msup&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;·&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mtext&gt;MBq&lt;/mtext&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;−&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;1&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msup&gt;&lt;mo&gt;·&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;msup&gt;&lt;mi&gt;s&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;−&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;1&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msup&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; in the heart at 48 h post-fertilization (hpf). Comparisons of yolk mass changes at various developmental stages in larvae fish reveal that organ location is a k","PeriodicalId":15667,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental radioactivity","volume":"283 ","pages":"Article 107625"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143162304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of 127Xe tracer measurements using a net counts method","authors":"M.A. Goodwin ,&nbsp;D.L. Chester ,&nbsp;G. Galvin ,&nbsp;P.W. Eslinger ,&nbsp;M. Foxe ,&nbsp;J. Ely ,&nbsp;R. Turley ,&nbsp;PE-1 Experiment Team","doi":"10.1016/j.jenvrad.2025.107623","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jenvrad.2025.107623","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A suite of measurement systems were deployed as part of the Physical Experiment 1 series of experiments, which involved detonating chemical explosives along with radionuclide tracers in an underground cavity, at the Nevada National Security Site (NNSS) in the United States. One of the radionuclide tracers, ¹²⁷Xe was released from the containment following the explosion and detected on a SAUNA Q_B sampler situated approximately 3.5 km away. The system uses a beta-gamma coincidence detector system to measure fission product radioisotopes of xenon relevant to nuclear explosion monitoring. In this work we use the coincidence measurement data to analyse and interpret the results from the SAUNA Q_B system, to calculate the measured ¹²⁷Xe activity concentration(s).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15667,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental radioactivity","volume":"283 ","pages":"Article 107623"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143162306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Developing a machine learning-based predictive model for cesium sorption distribution coefficient on crushed granite","authors":"Funing Ma ,&nbsp;Zhenxue Dai ,&nbsp;Fangfei Cai ,&nbsp;Xiaoying Zhang ,&nbsp;Yue Ma ,&nbsp;Dayong Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jenvrad.2025.107628","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jenvrad.2025.107628","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The sorption of radionuclides on granite has been extensively studied over the past few decades due to its significance in the safety assessment of geological disposal for high-level radioactive waste (HLW). The sorption properties of granite for radionuclides exhibit considerable variability under different experimental conditions. To reduce the time and cost associated with traditional experiments, this study developed a data-driven approach utilizing machine learning (ML) algorithms to predict the sorption distribution coefficients of cesium (Cs) on crushed granite efficiently. Four ML algorithms, namely AdaBoost, GBDT, LightGBM, and XGBoost, were employed to construct predictive models using a dataset of 384 data points. All models demonstrated strong performance, with R² values exceeding 0.8 for both the training and test sets. Comparative analysis of evaluation metrics indicated that the XGBoost model exhibited the best predictive performance and generalization ability. An explanation analysis of the XGBoost model further revealed the importance and influence of each input feature in predicting the distribution coefficient of Cs on crushed granite. The features affecting radionuclide sorption on granite were ranked by importance as follows: solid/liquid ratio, ion strength, pH, contact time, initial concentration, and maximum particle size. The underlying sorption mechanisms by which different input features affect the sorption coefficient, as derived from shapley additive explanations (SHAP) analysis, correspond with experimental observations. The approach proposed in this study can serve as a supplement to resource-intensive experimental methods, providing new insights into predicting the sorption behavior of radionuclides on crushed granite for the safety assessment of HLW geological disposal.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15667,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental radioactivity","volume":"283 ","pages":"Article 107628"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143162305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strengthening potential of recent peat dating","authors":"Anna Cwanek ,&nbsp;Marco A. Aquino-Lopez ,&nbsp;Piotr Kołaczek ,&nbsp;Mariusz Lamentowicz ,&nbsp;Barbara Fiałkiewicz-Kozieł ,&nbsp;Mariusz Gałka ,&nbsp;Michał Słowiński ,&nbsp;Dominika Łuców ,&nbsp;Katarzyna Marcisz ,&nbsp;Milena Obremska ,&nbsp;Sambor Czerwiński ,&nbsp;Edyta Łokas","doi":"10.1016/j.jenvrad.2024.107594","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jenvrad.2024.107594","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study concerned high-resolution age reconstructions of modern organic deposits collected from peatlands distributed in Central Europe. The main focus was on ²¹⁰Pb radioisotope as a fundamental geochronometer along with ¹⁴C and ^239+240Pu radioisotopes used for dating verification. In addition to simple classical models such as CF/CS or CF, the new approach formulated upon the Plum method was implemented. Examined peat profiles with usually poorly defined equilibrium depth revealed a high complexity manifested by vertical variability of both ²¹⁰Pb activity concentration and bulk density. The performance of dating models required prior slight corrections, which led to reliable and accurate chronologies for most of the profiles, representing various peatland types (bogs, poor fens and fens). Moreover, the age series of different ²¹⁰Pb models were highly consistent for a given core. The ²¹⁰Pb inventory and flux assessment exhibited maxima (SE, 1σ) of 8450 (90) Bq m⁻² and 280 (20) Bq m⁻² y⁻¹, respectively, reflecting an elevated level of ²²²Rn exhalation in the Sudetes region. No statistically significant regularities were found in the geographical distribution of ²¹⁰Pb fluxes or accumulation rates.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15667,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental radioactivity","volume":"282 ","pages":"Article 107594"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142807045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterizing major and trace element concentrations, and radioactivity in bulk glass samples from the trinity atomic test","authors":"Nelson Eby ,&nbsp;George Chabot ,&nbsp;Robert Hermes","doi":"10.1016/j.jenvrad.2024.107591","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jenvrad.2024.107591","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Glass fragments (16 green glasses and 2 red glasses) were handpicked from crushed Trinitite. X-ray diffraction studies revealed that these samples were essentially pure glass with the exception of minor amounts (less than 4 wt%) of quartz (which acts as a diluent) in some samples. The concentrations of 45 elements in the Trinity glasses were determined using Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis. Plutonium-239 concentrations were determined by measuring the activity of fission products produced during thermal neutron irradiation of the glasses. The activity of various radionuclides was determined by gamma ray spectroscopy. Elemental concentrations were also determined for 12 arkosic sand samples from the Trinity site. The Trinity glasses are essentially a mixture of arkosic sand, radionuclides and elements from the atomic device, and elements associated with the structures in the immediate vicinity of the test site. Comparison of glass chemistry to the arkosic sand chemistry allows an assessment to be made of the addition and removal of various elements during glass formation.</div><div>Ba-133 and Cs-137 are linearly related to the Pu-239 + U-235_device content of the glasses. Barium (Baratrol) was used in the device and Ba-133 activity has a positive y-intercept, which suggests that some of the Ba-133 activity may be due to activation of Ba in the arkosic sands. For Cs-137, the y-intercept is negative which suggests a depletion of Cs-137 in the glasses. The present-day Am-241 activity shows a linear relationship with Pu-239 activity (r² = 0.99). Am-241 is derived via beta decay of Pu-241, and the Pu-241/Pu-239 activity ratio can be used to distinguish different Pu sources. For the Trinity glasses, this ratio is 0.70 ± 0.16.</div><div>Relative to the arkosic sand elemental concentrations, the glasses are depleted in As, Br, Cs, Sb, Se, and Zn presumably because of their relatively high volatility. The depletion of several other elements (Co, Ir, Mg, Ni, V, W) may be due to their removal by metallic droplets during glass formation. Relative enrichment of U, Mo, Ti, and Ba is due to addition of these elements from the atomic device and associated structures.</div><div>The residual activity of Eu-152 is used to determine the distance of individual glass samples from ground zero. Most of the samples fall between 40 and 50 m (near the edge of the glass free crater formed during the atomic explosion). Similar results were obtained for a different batch of samples using residual Co-60 activity. The inference is that the material that comprises the bulk of the glass originated close to ground zero and was distributed across the site as an ejection blanket. Material from the atomic bomb was added during the formation of this ejection blanket.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15667,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental radioactivity","volume":"282 ","pages":"Article 107591"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142785828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Baseline tritium measurements in Thailand's water bodies: Supporting sustainable nuclear energy development","authors":"Wanwisa Sudprasert ,&nbsp;Kanokwan Khamanek ,&nbsp;Soontree Khuntong ,&nbsp;Jamnong Tanyasit ,&nbsp;Kiadtisak Saenboonruang ,&nbsp;Donruedee Toyen ,&nbsp;Monthon Yongprawat ,&nbsp;Chakrit Saengkorakot ,&nbsp;Chittranuch Chantarot ,&nbsp;Archara Phattanasub ,&nbsp;Piyawan Krisanangkura ,&nbsp;Anawat Rittirong ,&nbsp;Ryuta Hazama","doi":"10.1016/j.jenvrad.2024.107604","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jenvrad.2024.107604","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tritium, a radioactive isotope produced naturally through cosmic radiation interactions and anthropogenically through nuclear weapons testing, poses potential environmental risks, particularly within the water cycle. This study measured tritium concentrations in surface water across Thailand to establish a baseline dataset for monitoring potential contamination from nuclear activities and accidents. Surface water samples were collected from 14 large reservoirs during the wet season in October 2023 and the dry season in February 2024, providing a total of 28 samples. Tritium concentrations were analyzed using electrolytic enrichment and liquid scintillation counting techniques. The results, presented with combined uncertainty, revealed tritium levels ranging from 1.21 ± 0.19 to 2.74 ± 0.23 TU (0.14 ± 0.02 to 0.32 ± 0.03 Bq·L⁻¹), with an average of 1.94 ± 0.01 TU (0.23 ± 0.00 Bq·L⁻¹). The highest concentrations were observed in the north (2.26 ± 0.02 TU), followed by the northeast (2.13 ± 0.04 TU), central (1.91 ± 0.05 TU), east (1.72 ± 0.03 TU), and south (1.55 ± 0.04 TU). All measured tritium levels were below the natural background threshold of 10 TU and complied with the surface water quality standards set by the Thailand's Pollution Control Department. Tritium concentrations were positively correlated with latitude, distance from the coast, and elevation, while showing an inverse relationship with pH. No significant seasonal variations or correlations were observed with ion concentrations, water temperature, electrical conductivity, salinity, dissolved oxygen, or total dissolved solids. These baseline measurements are essential for supporting sustainable nuclear energy development and ensuring effective monitoring of environmental radioactivity. The dataset provides a critical reference for Thailand's regulatory agencies, such as the Office of Atoms for Peace, to safeguard public and environmental safety under both normal operations and potential radiological emergency scenarios.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15667,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental radioactivity","volume":"282 ","pages":"Article 107604"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142872181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}