Journal of environmental radioactivity最新文献

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Characteristics of radon transport and optimization of ventilation parameters in large-scale underground cavern 大型地下洞室氡输运特征及通风参数优化
IF 1.9 3区 环境科学与生态学
Journal of environmental radioactivity Pub Date : 2024-11-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2024.107577
Lingyu Li , Chuanqing Zhang , Fanjie Yang , Zhi Fang
{"title":"Characteristics of radon transport and optimization of ventilation parameters in large-scale underground cavern","authors":"Lingyu Li ,&nbsp;Chuanqing Zhang ,&nbsp;Fanjie Yang ,&nbsp;Zhi Fang","doi":"10.1016/j.jenvrad.2024.107577","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jenvrad.2024.107577","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Radon penetrates into the underground caverns through the pores/fissures of the surrounding rock, resulting in high radon concentration area and endangering the health of construction personnel. The on-site monitoring of radon concentration in the underground powerhouse of Tuoba Hydropower Station is conducted in order to study the radon concentration level. The radon transport during the construction period of underground powerhouse under forced ventilation is established by Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) numerical simulation method. Furthermore, the distribution characteristics and long-term evolution law of radon concentration in underground powerhouse are revealed, and reasonable ventilation optimization measures are put forward and the results show that: (1) Blasting promotes the increase of radon concentration, while forced ventilation accelerates radon transport. (2) The airflow field along the axis is divided into a vortex distribution zone, a vortex influence zone and stable regions. (3) The radon transport includes both migration and diffusion processes based on forced ventilation. (4) The radon concentration decreases with the increase of height, while exhibits low concentration in the middle and high concentration on both sides at the same height. (5) Compared with forced ventilation, the combined ventilation can improve the ventilation efficiency and shorten the radon transport time. The research results can provide a scientific basis for the safety analysis and evaluation of deep engineering environment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15667,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental radioactivity","volume":"281 ","pages":"Article 107577"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142757722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Mapping the exposure to outdoor radon in the German population 绘制德国人口暴露于室外氡的地图
IF 1.9 3区 环境科学与生态学
Journal of environmental radioactivity Pub Date : 2024-11-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2024.107583
Eric Petermann, Bernd Hoffmann
{"title":"Mapping the exposure to outdoor radon in the German population","authors":"Eric Petermann,&nbsp;Bernd Hoffmann","doi":"10.1016/j.jenvrad.2024.107583","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jenvrad.2024.107583","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Data on outdoor radon are generally scarce compared to indoor radon. However, knowledge of the spatial distribution of outdoor radon is necessary to estimate the overall exposure of the population to radon, it supports the prediction of indoor radon and characterizes the natural radon background. Germany has a comprehensive dataset on long-term outdoor radon concentration and the equilibrium factor at national level, which allowed to produce what is probably the only spatially continuous outdoor radon map at national level so far.</div></div><div><h3>Data</h3><div>In this study, outdoor radon concentration measurement data (n = 172) and equilibrium factors (n = 25) from a national survey from 2003 to 2006 were reanalyzed using state-of-the-art machine learning routines. Spatially comprehensive maps of distance to the sea, radon concentration in soil, sand content in topsoil and a terrain-based wind exposure index are used as predictors.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Quantile regression forest was used to map the conditional distribution of outdoor radon concentration at 500 m grid resolution. The equilibrium factor was mapped using a linear regression model. Both maps were combined to derive the equivalent outdoor radon equilibrium concentration. Population weighting of the results was achieved by explicitly accounting for the population distribution using a probabilistic sampling procedure from the estimated conditional distributions.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The arithmetic mean and the interquartile range (25th to 75th percentile) for the population-weighted outdoor radon concentration for Germany are 9.3 Bq/m³ and 5.8 Bq/m³ to 11.2 Bq/m³, respectively. The mean equilibrium factor is 0.49. The arithmetic mean and the interquartile range (25th to 75th percentile) for the population-weighted outdoor radon equilibrium equivalent concentration are 4.7 Bq/m³ and 2.7 Bq/m³ to 5.9 Bq/m³ respectively. The estimated inhalation dose due to outdoor exposure to radon is 0.056 mSv/a (arithmetic mean), with less than 10 % of the population exceeding a value of 0.1 mSv/a. The unavoidable inhalation dose due to radon exposure (outdoors plus indoors) in Germany is estimated at an arithmetic mean of 0.37 mSv/a. The spatial distribution of radon outdoors is mainly determined by the distance to the sea. The predictors radon concentration in soil, sand in topsoil and wind exposure still have a significant influence, especially at local to regional level.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Knowledge about the spatial distribution of outdoor radon and its local variability for Germany was improved using a modern regression technique and relevant predictive information. The results confirm a low outdoor radon concentration with a small contribution to the effective dose received by the population from outdoor radon exposure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15667,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental radioactivity","volume":"281 ","pages":"Article 107583"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142743014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Disequilibrium in natural decay series in samples from Czech water treatment plants: Uranium, radium and thorium isotopes determination 捷克水处理厂样本中天然衰变系列的失衡:铀、镭和钍同位素测定
IF 1.9 3区 环境科学与生态学
Journal of environmental radioactivity Pub Date : 2024-11-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2024.107580
Tereza Doksanská, Alena Kelnarová
{"title":"Disequilibrium in natural decay series in samples from Czech water treatment plants: Uranium, radium and thorium isotopes determination","authors":"Tereza Doksanská,&nbsp;Alena Kelnarová","doi":"10.1016/j.jenvrad.2024.107580","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jenvrad.2024.107580","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the Czech Republic, underground or mixed source water treatment plants are classified as the workplaces with possible increased exposure from a natural source of radiation. When releasing waste materials or residues from these NORM workplaces into the environment, the content of natural radionuclides is measured and compared with the clearance levels established by Czech legislation. The content of natural radionuclides in solid samples is determined primarily by high-resolution gamma-ray spectrometry. Six radionuclides, <sup>238</sup>U, <sup>228</sup>Th, <sup>226</sup>Ra, <sup>228</sup>Ra, <sup>210</sup>Pb, <sup>40</sup>K, are measured directly or by their measurable decay products (assuming equilibrium), the activity concentration of the other four radionuclides, <sup>234</sup>U, <sup>230</sup>Th, <sup>210</sup>Po, <sup>232</sup>Th is conservatively estimated. The study is focused on mapping the properties of NORM arising from the treatment of groundwater and, based on the real samples measurement, verification of new proposed assessment approach. It was tested whether the knowledge of the content of natural radionuclides in water can be practically used to estimate the content in NORM. Samples of water, filter material or sludge were taken from 16 different water treatment plants. Combination of gamma-ray spectrometry and radiochemical methods were applied to determine the content of radionuclides <sup>234</sup>U, <sup>238</sup>U, <sup>226</sup>Ra, <sup>228</sup>Ra, <sup>228</sup>Th, <sup>230</sup>Th and <sup>232</sup>Th in solid NORM, and radionuclides <sup>234</sup>U, <sup>238</sup>U, <sup>226</sup>Ra, <sup>228</sup>Ra in water. Based on the results the proposed modification of the assessment was verified.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15667,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental radioactivity","volume":"281 ","pages":"Article 107580"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142699427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Atmospheric 14CH4, 14CO2 and 37Ar measurements around a Swiss pressurized water reactor during an annual revision period 在年度修订期间对瑞士压水反应堆周围大气中的 14CH4、14CO2 和 37Ar 进行测量
IF 1.9 3区 环境科学与生态学
Journal of environmental radioactivity Pub Date : 2024-11-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2024.107576
Christophe Espic , Thomas Laemmel , Stephan Henne , Roland Purtschert , Sönke Szidat
{"title":"Atmospheric 14CH4, 14CO2 and 37Ar measurements around a Swiss pressurized water reactor during an annual revision period","authors":"Christophe Espic ,&nbsp;Thomas Laemmel ,&nbsp;Stephan Henne ,&nbsp;Roland Purtschert ,&nbsp;Sönke Szidat","doi":"10.1016/j.jenvrad.2024.107576","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jenvrad.2024.107576","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Since the 1980s, radiocarbon (<sup>14</sup>C) has gained attention as a valuable tool to quantify the amount of fossil and non-fossil emissions of CO<sub>2</sub> and CH<sub>4</sub> in the atmosphere. Since the 1970s, however, important <sup>14</sup>C emissions in the atmosphere also occur through the operation of nuclear power plants. The limited knowledge about these emissions challenges the use of <sup>14</sup>C as a universal source apportionment tool. Depending on the reactor type, <sup>14</sup>C is emitted in different forms; in particular, pressurized water reactors emit <sup>14</sup>C as a mixture of <sup>14</sup>CH<sub>4</sub> and <sup>14</sup>CO<sub>2</sub>. However, few atmospheric <sup>14</sup>C measurements close to nuclear power plants are available, which mostly address <sup>14</sup>CO<sub>2</sub> emissions. Argon-37 (<sup>37</sup>Ar) can also be produced in nuclear reactors; however, its atmospheric measurement is challenging, resulting in limited available data. In this study, we sampled ambient air during 20–75 min into 18 individual bags around the pressurized water reactor in Gösgen, Switzerland, at the beginning of the annual revision period in 2019, when <sup>14</sup>C and <sup>37</sup>Ar emissions can be expected due to the depressurization of the reactor. These samples were analyzed for <sup>14</sup>CH<sub>4</sub>, <sup>14</sup>CO<sub>2</sub> and partly for <sup>37</sup>Ar. About 1 km downwind of the stack, we found background-corrected activities up to 1900, 370, and 93 mBq m<sup>−3</sup> respectively. Considering corresponding background activities of 0.3, 48 and 2 mBq m<sup>−3</sup> for <sup>14</sup>CH<sub>4</sub>, <sup>14</sup>CO<sub>2</sub>, and <sup>37</sup>Ar, this represents an excess of about 6300, 7.4, and 47 times, respectively. Using an atmospheric dispersion model, we satisfactorily simulated the <sup>14</sup>CH<sub>4</sub> and <sup>14</sup>CO<sub>2</sub> activities in the surroundings of the reactor during this event. Our measurements emphasize the importance of nuclear power plants in the interpretation of atmospheric <sup>14</sup>C measurements and show that pressurized water reactors represent a serious limitation in the use of <sup>14</sup>C for source apportionment of CH<sub>4</sub> sources. Our results also provide insights into the approximate magnitude of civilian <sup>37</sup>Ar emissions from nuclear facilities specifically during maintenance operations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15667,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental radioactivity","volume":"281 ","pages":"Article 107576"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142699426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Chlorine 36 dry deposition on lettuce and maize crops 生菜和玉米作物上的氯 36 干沉积物
IF 1.9 3区 环境科学与生态学
Journal of environmental radioactivity Pub Date : 2024-11-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2024.107579
Deo-Gratias Sourabie , Didier Hebert , Pauline Gaudet , Valery Guillou
{"title":"Chlorine 36 dry deposition on lettuce and maize crops","authors":"Deo-Gratias Sourabie ,&nbsp;Didier Hebert ,&nbsp;Pauline Gaudet ,&nbsp;Valery Guillou","doi":"10.1016/j.jenvrad.2024.107579","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jenvrad.2024.107579","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Chlorine is a mineral nutrient which, in a certain amount in the form of chloride, is essential for plant development. However, the atmosphere-plant transfer of its radioactive isotope, chlorine-36, is still poorly understood. In this study, dry deposition of <sup>36</sup>Cl on lettuce and maize was determined experimentally. These two cultures were carried out downwind of Orano La Hague plant (West of France), which chronically emits small quantities of <sup>36</sup>Cl. The dry deposition velocities were similar on these two canopies with mean values of and 1.4 × 10<sup>−2</sup> m s<sup>−1</sup> on lettuce and 1.6 × 10<sup>−2</sup> m s<sup>−1</sup> on maize crops. The measured deposition fluxes reflect the importance of the dry deposition mechanism on plants, particularly in situations of anthropogenic discharge. All these results will contribute to improving the knowledge on the fate of <sup>36</sup>Cl in environment, and particularly in agrosystems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15667,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental radioactivity","volume":"281 ","pages":"Article 107579"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142699428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Long-term 137Cs dynamics after decontamination of an urban pond in Fukushima Prefecture, Japan 日本福岛县一个城市池塘净化后 137Cs 的长期动态变化。
IF 1.9 3区 环境科学与生态学
Journal of environmental radioactivity Pub Date : 2024-11-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2024.107573
Honoka Kurosawa , Yoshifumi Wakiyama , Toshihiro Wada , Kenji Nanba
{"title":"Long-term 137Cs dynamics after decontamination of an urban pond in Fukushima Prefecture, Japan","authors":"Honoka Kurosawa ,&nbsp;Yoshifumi Wakiyama ,&nbsp;Toshihiro Wada ,&nbsp;Kenji Nanba","doi":"10.1016/j.jenvrad.2024.107573","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jenvrad.2024.107573","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><sup>137</sup>Cs tends to accumulate in ponds and dam reservoirs because of inputs from their catchments. Ponds contaminated by the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident have since been decontaminated. However, little attention has been paid to <sup>137</sup>Cs accumulation after the decontamination measures, such as bottom sediment removal, especially for urban ponds with reportedly high <sup>137</sup>Cs concentrations in their urban catchments. This study examined long-term <sup>137</sup>Cs accumulation after decontamination to assess the influence of urban areas. Between 2019 and 2022, bottom sediment was collected together with inflow, pond, and outflow water at an urban pond located at Koriyama City, Fukushima Prefecture, Japan. The mean <sup>137</sup>Cs inventory in the bottom sediment did not change significantly after decontamination, ranging from 271 to 337 kBq/m<sup>2</sup>, whereas the variability increased. A significantly positive correlation of the <sup>137</sup>Cs concentration with δ<sup>15</sup>N, an indicator of the source contribution to bottom sediment, was determined in the bottom sediment in 2018 but not after 2019. The correlation between the specific surface area and <sup>137</sup>Cs concentration in the bottom sediment was significantly positive after 2020. These results suggested higher <sup>137</sup>Cs concentrations at sites where particles from land hosting human activities were deposited immediately after decontamination; thereafter, <sup>137</sup>Cs concentrations were higher at sites of fine-particle deposition. The annual mean <sup>137</sup>Cs concentration in pond water was stable from 2019 to 2022. The mean-normalized <sup>137</sup>Cs concentrations in the suspended solids and dissolved fractions in the inflow water were 0.041 m<sup>2</sup>/kg and 21.2 × 10<sup>−5</sup> m<sup>−1</sup>, respectively. These values were higher than those reported for other aquatic environments with low-urban catchment. However, the <sup>137</sup>Cs load from inflows was unlikely to have been enough to increase the <sup>137</sup>Cs inventory in the bottom sediment, despite the high <sup>137</sup>Cs concentration in suspended solids. The mechanism of the persistent <sup>137</sup>Cs contamination in urban areas merits further investigation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15667,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental radioactivity","volume":"281 ","pages":"Article 107573"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142695592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Laboratory experiments and modeling of the transport of 90Sr, 137Cs, 238U, 238Pu in fractures under high flow velocity 高流速条件下 90Sr、137Cs、238U 和 238Pu 在裂缝中迁移的实验室实验和建模。
IF 1.9 3区 环境科学与生态学
Journal of environmental radioactivity Pub Date : 2024-11-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2024.107572
Jun Zhu , Ke Chen , Tian Xie , Ting Li , Ting Wang , Aiming Zhang , Chao Chen , Qiulan Zhang
{"title":"Laboratory experiments and modeling of the transport of 90Sr, 137Cs, 238U, 238Pu in fractures under high flow velocity","authors":"Jun Zhu ,&nbsp;Ke Chen ,&nbsp;Tian Xie ,&nbsp;Ting Li ,&nbsp;Ting Wang ,&nbsp;Aiming Zhang ,&nbsp;Chao Chen ,&nbsp;Qiulan Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.jenvrad.2024.107572","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jenvrad.2024.107572","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The presence of fractures in the surrounding rocks of a radioactive waste disposal repository is recognized as a potential pathway for radionuclides to enter the public domain. As is well known, radionuclides transported by groundwater exhibit increased mobility in fractures, with flow velocities significantly faster than those in the pore spaces of the surrounding rock matrix. The principal objective of this study is to investigate the mobility of <sup>90</sup>Sr, <sup>137</sup>Cs, <sup>238</sup>U, and <sup>238</sup>Pu in fractures and their fate in the groundwater environment. Concurrently, batch and transport experiments were conducted to determine the sorption coefficients and transport parameters of each radionuclide. The results demonstrated that the adsorption and desorption isotherms of each radionuclide could be quantitatively described using the Freundlich isotherm. The hysteresis area \"<em>S</em>\" formed by the adsorption and desorption isotherm was utilized to quantify the irreversibility of the four radionuclides on granite particles, with a ranking of <sup>238</sup>Pu &gt; <sup>137</sup>Cs &gt; <sup>90</sup>Sr &gt; <sup>238</sup>U. The distribution coefficients (real <em>K</em><sub><em>d</em></sub>) of the four radionuclides varied by 2-3 orders of magnitude, but the tendencies and concentrations of <sup>90</sup>Sr, <sup>137</sup>Cs, <sup>238</sup>U, and <sup>238</sup>Pu in the sampling holes were not significantly different. These findings suggest that it is essential to introduce the first-order rate constant (<em>α</em><sub><em>ch</em></sub>) and consider the kinetic process of adsorption to describe their migration process in granite single fractures. The sorbed concentrations of radionuclides on the surface of the upper and lower granite matrix were positively correlated with \"real <em>K</em><sub><em>d</em></sub> × <em>α</em><sub><em>c</em>h</sub> × time,\" while their concentrations in water flow were opposite. The irreversibility of radionuclides is another critical factor. The greater the irreversibility of radionuclides, the more challenging it is for them to desorb, resulting in a higher sorbed concentration remaining on the surface of the granite matrix and a smaller concentration in the water flow.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15667,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental radioactivity","volume":"280 ","pages":"Article 107572"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142687030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Suppression mechanism contributing to the low leaching rate of cesium from incineration bottom ash 导致焚烧底灰中铯沥滤率低的抑制机制。
IF 1.9 3区 环境科学与生态学
Journal of environmental radioactivity Pub Date : 2024-11-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2024.107575
Yasumasa Tojo, Mikako Ishii, Kazuki Tamura, In-Hee Hwang
{"title":"Suppression mechanism contributing to the low leaching rate of cesium from incineration bottom ash","authors":"Yasumasa Tojo,&nbsp;Mikako Ishii,&nbsp;Kazuki Tamura,&nbsp;In-Hee Hwang","doi":"10.1016/j.jenvrad.2024.107575","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jenvrad.2024.107575","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>After the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear accident, municipal solid waste (MSW) contaminated with radiocesium was generated. In Japan, approximately 80% of MSW by weight has been incinerated. As consequence, radiocesium was retained in incineration residue after the accident. Among the incineration residues, fly ash with high radioactivity was transported to an interim storage facility and special treatment has been carried out. While, bottom ash with radioactivity levels of &lt;8000 Bq kg<sup>−1</sup> wet has been directly deposited in conventional MSW landfills. The radiocesium leaching from bottom ash is low, but the reason for this low leaching remains unclear. In this study, leaching tests and microscopic observations of bottom ash containing stable Cs were conducted to investigate the mechanism making Cs leaching low. It is noted that the ash used was simulated ash created from combusting refuse derived fuel (RDF) to which stable Cs was added, not real radioactive ash. Based on pH dependence testing, the Cs leaching increased as the pH decreased. The amount of Cs leached in the neutral range was 2–4% mass of the total content. Electron probe microanalysis, scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy confirmed that certain particles in bottom ash contain concentrated Cs. These particles were found to comprise aluminum, silicon, potassium, and oxygen at their core, surrounded by concentrated Cs. Raman microscopy suggested that these particles are microcline. Co-heating of microcline with Cs carbonate led to the condensation of Cs in a manner similar to particles observed in bottom ash, and Cs was captured in a glassy substance formed on the microcline surface, which reduced the leaching of Cs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15667,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental radioactivity","volume":"280 ","pages":"Article 107575"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142681606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Spatial distribution of radon in an experimental room 实验室内氡的空间分布。
IF 1.9 3区 环境科学与生态学
Journal of environmental radioactivity Pub Date : 2024-11-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2024.107567
Raphael Grapentin, Antoine Geiser, Roger Blaser Zürcher
{"title":"Spatial distribution of radon in an experimental room","authors":"Raphael Grapentin,&nbsp;Antoine Geiser,&nbsp;Roger Blaser Zürcher","doi":"10.1016/j.jenvrad.2024.107567","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jenvrad.2024.107567","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The spatial distribution of radon and the relevance of the placement of radon detectors relative to the entry path of radon-containing air in an experimental room was investigated. A radon emanation source was used from which the air was transported with a constant air flow into the room. The radon contaminated air was released under a floor element used for electrical wiring which has multiple holes connecting to the inner volume of the room. At 36 equally spaced lattice points in the room the radon activity concentration was measured with two different solid-state nuclear track detectors of type Radonova Radtrak and Radonova Rapidos. The radon exposure on the detectors was accumulated over 72 days. Additionally, an electronic measurement device of type Saphymo AlphaGUARD was used as reference. It indicated a radon exposition of 475(1)<!--> <!-->kBq <!--> <!-->h/m<sup>3</sup>. The detectors of type Radtrak had a mean exposition of 564(36)<!--> <!-->kBq <!--> <!-->h/m<sup>3</sup> and the ones of type Rapidos 496(15)<!--> <!-->kBq <!--> <!-->h/m<sup>3</sup>. Except for one outlier both types of detector showed a homogeneous distribution of radon in the room. Therefore, we have shown that under these experimental conditions the placement of the radon detector does not significantly influence the measurement result.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15667,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental radioactivity","volume":"280 ","pages":"Article 107567"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142643922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Geological and geostatistical modeling of indoor radon concentration in buildings of İzmir Province (Western Turkey) 伊兹密尔省(土耳其西部)建筑物室内氡浓度的地质和地质统计模型。
IF 1.9 3区 环境科学与生态学
Journal of environmental radioactivity Pub Date : 2024-11-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2024.107571
Mutlu Zeybek , Türkan Alkan
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