Journal of Sociology: Bulletin of Yerevan University最新文献

{"title":"Evolution of the “American Dream” as a Value System and its Representation in Hollywood Movies","authors":"Yuliana Melkumyan, Seda Mkrtchyan","doi":"10.46991/bysu:f/2023.14.1.050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46991/bysu:f/2023.14.1.050","url":null,"abstract":"The “American dream” is a value system, which is the locomotive of the development of American society. It is one of the core elements of the American identity. The idea of the “American dream” presents the terminal values of equality, liberty, prosperity and happiness. Hard work, sacrifice, courage in the face of taking risks, diligence and the act of overcoming hardships are presented as instrumental values, which are required to achieve the terminal values mentioned above. The concept of the “American Dream” has evolved with the passage of time and faced different challenges, which resulted in a number of contradictions between the dream and the social reality. Hollywood movies are used as one of the tools to propagate the “American Dream” both inside of the United States and abroad. This article examines the representation of the terminal and instrumental values of the “American Dream” in Hollywood films (2018-2021) with anti-racist content, as well as films about family, the American Armed Forces, the US president, and the rule of law, through visual, verbal and audio means. Nevertheless, while the films communicate the same terminal and instrumental values, they also occasionally show the existing contradictions. Hard work does not always lead to achieving the \"American dream\". Even though the fight for equality is going strong, inequality still exists. Along with the rule of law, there are also manifestations of corruption. At the same time, the USA continues to be presented as a safe, powerful and wealthy country.","PeriodicalId":156559,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sociology: Bulletin of Yerevan University","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127241436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Residents’ Negative Perception of Fellow Countryman’s Travelling During Epidemiological Restrictions","authors":"N. Chevtaeva, Ekaterina Chevtaeva, Emmanuel Gamor","doi":"10.46991/bysu:f/2023.14.1.080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46991/bysu:f/2023.14.1.080","url":null,"abstract":"This research explored the creation of negative perception towards returning travellers in response to the threat of spreading the virus and positive travel behaviour during the relaxation of travel restrictions at the time of the COVID-19 health crisis. The data for research was collected from 530 respondents and analysed using hierarchical multiple regression, confirmatory factor analysis, and the Sobel test of significance. The study results revealed that people had a perception of a high risk of catching COVID-19, which has led to a negative perception of travel during a pandemic. Moreover, malicious travel behaviour reinforced discrimination, while positive travel behaviour reduced the negativity in perceptions of returning travellers but did not spare the returnees from discrimination. Implications for both practice and theory, as well as limitations and future directions are further discussed. Based on research findings, resilience of travel should not limit its focus on just the recovery and health control measures of regions that receive travellers, but also pay close attention to the perceptions of travellers returning home after vacations, so as to avoid social distress and stimulate a continuous growth of the demand for travel. In order to stimulate sustainable travel activity with no negative perception of travel and travellers among resident, maintaining local getaways is recommended.   ","PeriodicalId":156559,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sociology: Bulletin of Yerevan University","volume":"54 6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134106201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Analysis of the Influence of Coaches' Beliefs on the Attitude of Athletes to the Use of Prohibited Substances","authors":"A. Hovhannisyan, G.G. Sahakyan, T. Ukleba, E. Arhip, G. Jalleh, R. Donovan","doi":"10.46991/bysu:f/2023.14.1.065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46991/bysu:f/2023.14.1.065","url":null,"abstract":"This study focuses on the beliefs and attitudes towards doping of Coaches and Athletes in Armenia, Georgia and Moldova, and on the similarities and differences between Armenia, Georgia and Moldova on these measures.\u0000In total, 270 coaches and 810 athletes were selected and completed the questionnaire. Self-completion questionnaires for coaches and athletes were developed in a first-phase Pilot study and approved by World Anti-Doping Agency. Overall, 14% of participants represented team sports disciplines and 86% represented individual sports disciplines. More than half of the athletes were international-level athletes. About 80% of coaches and athletes were males. Whilst there was some variation between the three countries in mean ages and experience of participants, none of these was statistically significant. Analyzing the results, we can conclude that the social and professional behavior of coaches may not be the reason that may push athletes to use the Prohibited substances. The great danger is the illiteracy of coaches in the anti-doping field.\u0000If we compare the results obtained in this study with previous data in other studies, it can be assumed that coaches' delusions are transmitted to athletes, which are formed as a result of receiving incorrect information from other coaches or the media. In some cases, such as in relation to the Prohibited List, this may lead to unforeseen consequences. The obtained results show that it mandatory to include the information in the educational programs for coaches, about the athletes’ duties, ways and means to control their behavior, revealing in detail the mechanisms of such control. A necessary condition for the new Educational program for coaches may also be the holding of education seminars and workshops for athletes with the obligatory presence of their coaches using “the coach and his athletes” formula.","PeriodicalId":156559,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sociology: Bulletin of Yerevan University","volume":"178 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134313043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Drug Trafficking Problems and Approaches to Prevention in Armenia: Expert Opinions","authors":"Samson Mkhitaryan","doi":"10.46991/bysu:f/2023.14.1.096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46991/bysu:f/2023.14.1.096","url":null,"abstract":"Considering the detrimental impact of drugs and the prevailing issue in our country, the Scientific Research Center of Applied Problems in Criminology at the National Bureau of Expertise of the National Academy of Sciences of Armenia conducted an expert survey. The objective was to determine the extent of drug trafficking, factors influencing it, the social groups most affected, the common drugs used, sales mechanisms, and strategies employed to combat drug trafficking. The survey involved 16 experts representing the police, the Investigative Committee, and the prosecutor's office. The results of the study include risk analysis and methodology to prevent drug trafficking in Armenia within the regional context.","PeriodicalId":156559,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sociology: Bulletin of Yerevan University","volume":"2017 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127172948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Political Culture and Protest Potential in Goris Community","authors":"S. Manukyan, Sona Babakhanyan","doi":"10.46991/bysu:f/2022.13.2.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46991/bysu:f/2022.13.2.010","url":null,"abstract":"SAMVEL MANUKYAN, SONA BABACKHANYAN. Political culture and protest potential on Goris community. - During the 44-day Karabakh war of 2022, Artsakh (Karabakh) and Armenia suffered serious territorial and human losses, which caused severe negative consequences. The war radically changed public sentiments in Armenia. Besides, after the war, the prices of essential goods in Armenia started to increase rapidly, gradually worsening the social condition of broad population segments. The negative consequences of the war are especially severe in the Syunik region, borders with Azerbaijan and has strategic importance for the national security of Armenia, particularly in the border community of Goris, which is the last town on the only communication road between Armenia and Artsakh. These two influential factors might initiate public protests in Goris – an area of exceptional importance for the national Security of Armenia, worsening social cohesion and destroying the social order. The article represents the evaluation of multidimensional protest potential in Goris in the context of the political culture of the community population and the situation after the war. The political culture of the Goris community is identified in the frame of the theory of S.Almond and S.Verba. The analysis is carried out on the basis of sociological survey data collected in the Goris community in April 2022. The dimensions of the protest potential include lack of loyalty to the authorities, socio-economic conditions of the population, the fact of the 44-day war, the course of the war and its consequences, and future relations with Turkey and Azerbaijan. The best-allied countries of Armenia in the Artsakh matter were revealed in population attitudes. The perception of public protest probability in Goris is estimated. A mathematical model is built to explain the interactions between protest potential and political culture components and their multidimensional impact on loyalty to the authorities.","PeriodicalId":156559,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sociology: Bulletin of Yerevan University","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132876178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gender Attitudes Across Generations in Contemporary Armenian Society (Comparative Analysis)","authors":"M. Zaslavskaya, V. Agadjanian","doi":"10.46991/bysu:f/2022.13.2.048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46991/bysu:f/2022.13.2.048","url":null,"abstract":"Contemporary gender norms and attitudes in Armenia have been shaped by a complex interplay of pre-Soviet traditional culture, the legacy of the Soviet socialist modernization project, and the post-Soviet spread of western ideas and values. The paper examines generational differences in gender norms and attitudes in Armenian society, by comparing three generational groups. The mixed-method analysis is based on quantitative and qualitative data, including the nationally-representative household-based Gender Barometer Survey conducted in 2014, as well as in-depth interviews and focus group discussions among members of different generational groups in Armenia during 2015-2020. The results of the factor analysis show considerable generational complexity in gender norms and attitudes. We find that the majority of Armenian society, regardless of gender and generation, strongly adheres to the core family values and the corresponding gendered family roles. At the same time, the analyses show that individuals who belong to the older generation, i.e., the generation whose socialization took place under Soviet rule, display the most conservative patriarchal gender attitudes. The middle generation, whose coming of age occurred during the period of the early radical post-Soviet transformation, demonstrate inconsistent gender attitudes: while adhering to conservative gender norms, they are also most dissatisfied with the state of gender equality and in some aspects, such as achievement of status and wealth, display considerable gender egalitarianism. Finally, the youngest generation generally subscribes to the most egalitarian attitudes, but this group is far from homogenous, demonstrating a sharp divide between urban dwellers, who are very egalitarian-minded, and rural ones, who are remarkably conservative. Notably, young women living in cities display by far the most egalitarian attitudes. Moreover, among men, the generation is not a significant predictor of the level of egalitarianism in gender attitudes, compared to education and area of residence (city/village). However, it has a more significant impact on women’s perception of the traditional gender scheme. We conclude with a discussion of the role of changes in gender norms and attitudes in a broader transformation of Armenian society.","PeriodicalId":156559,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sociology: Bulletin of Yerevan University","volume":"26 3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121042456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Re-Conceptualising Youth: Theoretical Overview","authors":"Marina Galstyan","doi":"10.46991/bysu:f/2022.13.2.022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46991/bysu:f/2022.13.2.022","url":null,"abstract":"There are a bulk of definitions and even controversial claims about the \"youth\" concept.  The origins of the concept date back to early Medieval Times, when youth was associated with self-sufficiency and the ability to take responsibility for others (Jones, G., 2009). Since the 17th century, the ideas of childhood and youth have been associated with dependency. Later on, youth has been perceived as a transitional phase of the human life. Though each of the approaches characterizes a specific aspect of young people's life, taken separately, it does not allow to gain a holistic sense of the concept. To get a comprehensive understanding of the concept, it is necessary to formulate an integrated approach to the youth by analysing existing definitions through the sociological and youth studies perspectives. Thus, the article covers the twofold objectives: 1) a comparative theoretical analysis of contemporary approaches to the “youth” notion; 2) the development of an analytical tool to overcome paradoxes among different approaches to defining and conceptualizing the “youth”.","PeriodicalId":156559,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sociology: Bulletin of Yerevan University","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132813576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deinstitutionalization in the Field of Mental Health in Armenia: Contemporary Issues","authors":"G. Khachatryan","doi":"10.46991/bysu:f/2022.13.2.061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46991/bysu:f/2022.13.2.061","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents the problems of deinstitutionalization in the field of mental health in the Republic of Armenia based on the analysis of international documents defining the rights of persons with mental health problems. This article comprehensively discusses the way of deinstitutionalization in the field of mental health in the Republic of Armenia, the transformations that have taken place in the process, the current situation, the problems, the ways of overcoming them, filling the existing gap in this respect. The article substantiates the need for deinstitutionalization as a guarantee for the realization of the right to independent living and inclusion of people with mental health problems in the community in the Republic of Armenia. At the same time, the existing problems in Armenia in this regard are presented, both at the policy and practical levels. The author emphasizes the development of a comprehensive research-based document and a roadmap for the process as a way of overcoming identified issues.","PeriodicalId":156559,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sociology: Bulletin of Yerevan University","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124699897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Conflict and Violence","authors":"M. Wieviorka","doi":"10.46991/bysu:f/2022.13.2.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46991/bysu:f/2022.13.2.005","url":null,"abstract":"According to vocabulary, conflict and violence go hand in hand. On the contrary, sociology might gain much if analytically distinguishing the two notions and giving each of them a precise meaning, which may deviate from common sense. Violence then appears more as opposed to the conflict, when it comes to instrumental violence, which can certainly be associated with conflict, but the opposite relationship is not always present.","PeriodicalId":156559,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sociology: Bulletin of Yerevan University","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115308450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gender Inequality and Poverty in Armenia: A Multidimensional Approach","authors":"Gohar Shahnazaryan","doi":"10.46991/bysu:f/2022.13.2.038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46991/bysu:f/2022.13.2.038","url":null,"abstract":"A gender perspective highlights that poverty affects women and girls disproportionally due to gender biases, unequal division of power in society and social expectations from the roles of men and women. Starting from the 1980s, feminist researchers had begun to raise the issue of the feminization of poverty, and stressed the importance of the intersectionality between not only poverty and gender, but also poverty, gender, ethnicity, age, marital status, etc. \u0000Multidimensional analyses of poverty can become the most appropriate methodological approach to understand interconnections between gender and poverty. In order to reveal the whole spectrum of impacts of poverty on different social groups, a multidimensional analysis focuses on 1) opportunities and choices; 2) resources; 3) power and voice; 4) human security. In the article, poverty among men and women in Armenia is presented and recommendations to mitigate poverty among various women's groups are presented.","PeriodicalId":156559,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sociology: Bulletin of Yerevan University","volume":"228 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116253154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}