{"title":"4. The kinds of poetry and their contexts","authors":"Bernard O’donoghue","doi":"10.1093/actrade/9780199229116.003.0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780199229116.003.0004","url":null,"abstract":"Many different things have been described as poetry—different ways of writing, ways of seeing the world, and states of mind. But in the Western tradition there are three established structural categories of writing that come under the heading of poetry: epic, drama, and lyric. ‘The kinds of poetry and their contexts’ considers these, but also looks at other forms including pastoral poetry, public poetry, and satire. It also discusses what makes poetry popular and why certain poems achieve universal appeal. Also considered are the poetry of place, comic and nonsense verse, elegy, the villanelle, consolation poetry, and wisdom poetry.","PeriodicalId":156455,"journal":{"name":"Poetry: A Very Short Introduction","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127113397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Conclusion","authors":"Bernard O’donoghue","doi":"10.1093/actrade/9780199229116.003.0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780199229116.003.0006","url":null,"abstract":"Having started with grand claims for poetry, by Shelley, Wallace Stevens, and others, on grounds of public utility, this brief consideration of what poetry is has encountered a series of recurrent features. Its primary effect seems to be to satisfy what the reader or hearer wants by surprising them in some way. It is never the statement of the obvious. It may be abnormal in language or in opinion or in organization. But it must not be abnormal for the sake of it; it must not be perverse, because its endeavour is to expose the truth in some sense that is not obvious. It works in the service of reality. It is in that sense that it is an enhancement of life as we end where we began....","PeriodicalId":156455,"journal":{"name":"Poetry: A Very Short Introduction","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116541800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"3. The language of poetry and its particular devices","authors":"Bernard O’donoghue","doi":"10.1093/actrade/9780199229116.003.0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780199229116.003.0003","url":null,"abstract":"‘The language of poetry and its particular devices’ explains that there are clearly certain ‘arrangements of language’ that are particularly associated with poetry—effects of sound and figuration such as rhyme, alliteration, or metaphor. Whether poetry is thought to be imitative-realistic or transcendent, all discussions agree that it must have some kinds of rules and recognized practices. The rules link to debates about language and which areas of language they may—or may not—apply to: rules about the sounds of poetry (metre or scansion or rhyme), or about its linguistic structure (its grammar or word-formation). These are things that occur in language in general, but are often thought to have special application in poetry.","PeriodicalId":156455,"journal":{"name":"Poetry: A Very Short Introduction","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121851279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"1. Truths universally acknowledged","authors":"Bernard O’donoghue","doi":"10.1093/actrade/9780199229116.003.0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780199229116.003.0001","url":null,"abstract":"‘Truths universally acknowledged’ considers some of the ways poetry has been defined and regarded over the ages, and the various things that have been proposed as indispensable to it. A long-established argument is between two schools of belief about the nature of poetry and what it is for: whether its object is pleasure or something more practical. Formal definitions such as rhyme, metre, and kinds of language—verse as opposed to prose—are discussed before considering poetry’s connection to ritual and the importance of syntax in poetry in English. Poetics is particularly concerned with the way that poetry foregrounds the figurative and metaphorical activity in language.","PeriodicalId":156455,"journal":{"name":"Poetry: A Very Short Introduction","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117185785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"2. Poetry’s areas of authority and application","authors":"Bernard O’donoghue","doi":"10.1093/actrade/9780199229116.003.0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780199229116.003.0002","url":null,"abstract":"‘Poetry’s areas of authority and application’ first considers the distinction between poetry and prose, which then raises the question of the prose-poem. What is the effect of claiming the status of poetry for something that seems to be structured according to the rules of its syntactic antitype, in prose? In using the words that everyone uses for communication and the expression of emotion, poetry can achieve an explicitness that music in itself or other formal arts, despite their regularity, cannot match. But what are poets good at and what are their obligations? Areas in which poetry seems to have particular authority and aptness are love, death, and nature.","PeriodicalId":156455,"journal":{"name":"Poetry: A Very Short Introduction","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129039834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"5. Poets and readers","authors":"Bernard O’donoghue","doi":"10.1093/actrade/9780199229116.003.0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780199229116.003.0005","url":null,"abstract":"‘Poets and readers’ is concerned with the respective roles of poets and readers in the creation of meaning as well as the function of critics and readers: a function that has attained increasing prominence in the 20th century and since, with the emergence of theories of reader response and the reception of poetry. Is the term poet reserved for a kind of elect or is it a name anyone can aspire to? The whole question of authorship and authority is also considered: whether the poem generally—or ever—speaks in the voice of the poet, and how that voice may relate to its audience.","PeriodicalId":156455,"journal":{"name":"Poetry: A Very Short Introduction","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115375718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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