{"title":"Novel Raman Parametric Hybrid L-Band Amplifier with Four-Wave Mixing Suppressed Pump for Terabits Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexed Systems","authors":"Gaganpreet Kaur, Sanjay Sharma, G. Kaur","doi":"10.1155/2016/6148974","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/6148974","url":null,"abstract":"We demonstrate improved performance of parametric amplifier cascaded with Raman amplifier for gain of 54.79 dB. We report amplification of L-band using 100 × 10 Gbps Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexed (DWDM) system with 25 GHz channel spacing. The gain achieved is the highest reported so far with gain flatness of 3.38 dB without using any gain flattening technique. Hybrid modulated parametric pump is used for suppressing four-wave mixing (FWM) around pump region, resulting in improvement of gain flatness by 2.42 dB. The peak to peak variation of gain is achieved less than 1.6 dB. DWDM system with 16-channel, 25 GHz spaced system has been analyzed thoroughly with hybrid modulated parametric pump amplified Raman-FOPA amplifier for gain flatness and improved performance in terms of BER and -factor.","PeriodicalId":156432,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Optical Technologies","volume":"32 6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123256189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Rodríguez-Colina, M. Pascoe-Chalke, M. López-Guerrero
{"title":"Performance Trade-Offs for Wavelength Striping Optical Switching Using a Novel Star Architecture","authors":"E. Rodríguez-Colina, M. Pascoe-Chalke, M. López-Guerrero","doi":"10.1155/2016/1875357","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/1875357","url":null,"abstract":"This work describes various performance trade-offs that arise from the use of a technique for optical switching under various network topologies. Such switching operation can be summarized as follows: (a) user data are divided into fixed-length fragments, (b) each fragment is assigned to a different wavelength, and (c) all wavelengths are simultaneously switched to the egress links. This concept of dividing user data into several wavelengths to be simultaneously switched is called wavelength striping and its purpose is to reduce latency and increase throughput for short distance interconnects. We depart from previous work where a building block implementing this basic switching function has been built around semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOAs). In this paper, we investigate diverse trade-offs that arise from the use of this switching approach in different network topologies. One of the main issues addressed in this paper is the relation between cascadability and bit error rate (BER). In this case, our results indicate that a switch fabric can cascade up to five stages without exceeding a BER of 10−9 and without incurring in power budget problems. We also show that the performance degradation, introduced by cascading SOAs, can be compensated with a star interconnect architecture that is introduced. Other issues addressed in this paper are the effect of scalability on cost and the effect of latency on TCP performance and reliability.","PeriodicalId":156432,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Optical Technologies","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117171298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Performance Investigation of 40 GB/s DWDM over Free Space Optical Communication System Using RZ Modulation Format","authors":"Sooraj Parkash, Anurag Sharma, H. Singh, H. Singh","doi":"10.1155/2016/4217302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/4217302","url":null,"abstract":"We successfully demonstrate 40 GB/s 8 channels’ Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (DWDM) over free space optical (FSO) communication system. Each channel is transmitting 5 GB/s data rate in downstream separated by 0.8 nm (100 GHz) channel spacing with 1.8 GHz filter bandwidth. DWDM over FSO communication system is very effective in providing high data rate transmission with very low bit error rate (BER). The maximum reach of designed system is 4000 m without any compensation scheme. The simulation work reports minimum BER for Return-to-Zero (RZ) modulation format at different channels 1, 4, and 8 are found to be , , and at 4000 m distance, respectively. Sharp increase in BER occurs if data rate and distance increase up to 10 GB/s and 5000 m.","PeriodicalId":156432,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Optical Technologies","volume":"272 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115113382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Theoretical Description of the Glass Preparation with the Necessary Optical Properties","authors":"V. Kurasov","doi":"10.1155/2016/7561952","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/7561952","url":null,"abstract":"The method to get the glass media with necessary optical characteristics is proposed. This method is based on inserting a necessary number of heterogeneous centers of given activity into the system. The theoretical description of the nucleation process in such situation is given and the resulting formulas allow choosing the characteristics of heterogeneous centers necessary to get the required optical characteristics of the media.","PeriodicalId":156432,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Optical Technologies","volume":"122 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133923689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Quartz Enhanced Photoacoustic Spectroscopy for Detection of Improvised Explosive Devices and Precursors","authors":"R. Viola, N. Liberatore, D. Luciani, S. Mengali","doi":"10.1155/2016/5757361","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/5757361","url":null,"abstract":"A compact portable and standalone point sensor has been developed for the detection and identification of precursors of improvised explosive devices (IEDs) and to be part of a network of sensors for the discovery of hidden bomb factories in homeland security applications. The sensor is based on quartz enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy (QEPAS), and it implements a broadly tunable external cavity quantum cascade laser source (EC-QCL). It makes use of an optical cell purposely designed with a miniaturized internal volume, to achieve fast response and high sensitivity, and that can also be heated to improve sensitivity towards less volatile compounds. The sensor has been assembled and successfully tested in the lab with several compounds, including IED’s precursors such as acetone, nitromethane, nitric acid, and hydrogen peroxide. The identification capability and limits of detection near the ppm level have been estimated for all these compounds.","PeriodicalId":156432,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Optical Technologies","volume":"148 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116566430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tassanee Tubchareon, Rachan Klaysri, P. Praserthdam
{"title":"A Comparison of Different A-, A-B-, and B-Site Incorporated in (Ba0.5Sr0.5)TiO3 on Photocatalytic Application","authors":"Tassanee Tubchareon, Rachan Klaysri, P. Praserthdam","doi":"10.1155/2015/837183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/837183","url":null,"abstract":"The structural modification of Ba0.5Sr0.5TiO3 (BST) nanocatalyst was successfully synthesized via sol-gel process. The BST catalyst was modified by A-site (A-BST), A-B-site (A-B-BST), and B-site (B-BST) in order to investigate the effect of structurally modified BST catalyst for photocatalytic decolorization of methylene blue. The structurally modified BST catalysts can increase the nonradiation energy such as phonon energy compared to that of BST one. The partial incorporation of the A-BST catalyst was evidenced by the higher-ordered structure by increasing number of Ti4","PeriodicalId":156432,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Optical Technologies","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129616198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Amudha, R. Rajkumar, V. Thayanithi, P. P. Kumar
{"title":"Growth and Characterization of Benzimidazolium Salicylate: NLO Property from a Centrosymmetric Crystal","authors":"M. Amudha, R. Rajkumar, V. Thayanithi, P. P. Kumar","doi":"10.1155/2015/206325","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/206325","url":null,"abstract":"A new organic charge transfer molecular complex salt of benzimidazolium salicylate (BSL) single crystals was grown by the slow evaporation solution growth technique using methanol as a solvent at room temperature. The grown crystals were characterised by single crystal X-ray diffraction (XRD) which confirms that the crystal belongs to monoclinic system with the centrosymmetric space group P21/. The crystalline perfection of the grown crystal was analyzed by high resolution X-ray diffraction (HRXRD). The presence of various functional groups was identified by FTIR spectrum. UV-Vis spectral study reveals that the BSL crystal is optically transparent in the wavelength region 342 nm–1100 nm. Dielectric measurements of the crystal at various frequencies were also determined. The mechanical properties of the grown crystal were assessed using Vickers microhardness testing. Nonlinear optical property of the crystal was confirmed using Kurtz and Perry powder technique and the SHG efficiency of the BSL crystal is 0.7 times greater than that of the standard KDP crystal.","PeriodicalId":156432,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Optical Technologies","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125659347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Tatarczak, M. I. Olmedo, Tianjian Zuo, J. Estarán, J. Jensen, Xiaogeng Xu, I. Monroy
{"title":"Enabling 4-Lane Based 400 G Client-Side Transmission Links with MultiCAP Modulation","authors":"A. Tatarczak, M. I. Olmedo, Tianjian Zuo, J. Estarán, J. Jensen, Xiaogeng Xu, I. Monroy","doi":"10.1155/2015/935309","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/935309","url":null,"abstract":"We propose a uniform solution for a future client-side 400 G Ethernet standard based on MultiCAP advanced modulation format, intensity modulation, and direct detection. It employs 4 local area networks-wavelength division multiplexing (LAN-WDM) lanes in 1300 nm wavelength band and parallel optics links based on vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSELs) in 850 nm wavelength band. Total bit rate of 432 Gbps is transmitted over unamplified 20 km standard single mode fiber link and over 40 km link with semiconductor optical amplifier. 70.4 Gb/s transmission over 100 m of OM3 multimode fiber using off-the-shelf 850 nm VCSEL with 10.1 GHz 3 dB bandwidth is demonstrated indicating the feasibility of achieving 100 Gb/s per lane with a single 25 GHz VCSEL. In this review paper we introduce and present in one place the benefits of MultiCAP as versatile scheme for use in a number of client-side scenarios: short range, long range, and extended range.","PeriodicalId":156432,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Optical Technologies","volume":"278 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114154295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Optical Spatial Filter to Suppress Beam Wander and Spatial Noise Induced by Atmospheric Turbulence in Free-Space Optical Communications","authors":"U. Darusalam, P. Priambodo, E. Rahardjo","doi":"10.1155/2015/594628","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/594628","url":null,"abstract":"We propose an optical spatial filter (OSF) method to suppress beam wander and spatial noise effects. Signal from random displacements of the focus spot around the optical axis within the constricted area is collected. This method advantageously suppresses fluctuations in signal intensity. The OSF consists of a pinhole and cone reflector. The pinhole produces Fresnel diffraction on the focus spot. The cone reflector provides directed reflectance onto the pinhole for random focus spot displacements due to beam wander. The calculations of signal power are based on fluctuations of signal intensity that are minimized by the circular aperture function of the pinhole and the cosine of the reflectance angle from the cone reflector. The method is applied to free-space optical communications at a wavelength of 1.55 μm with an atmospheric chamber to provide optical propagation media. Based on calculations, the beam wander angles that can be received by the OSF are from 14.0° to 28.0°. Moreover, based on experiment, the OSF with a pinhole diameter of 20.0 μm and cone reflector diameter of 1.5 mm produces signal power of −15.3 dBm. Both calculations and experiment show that the OSF enhances the received signal power in the presence of turbulence.","PeriodicalId":156432,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Optical Technologies","volume":"90 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115111112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Kobayashi, Y. Takeshita, N. Mizuno, Keio Esashika, T. Saiki
{"title":"Robust Discrimination between Single Gold Nanoparticles and Their Dimers in Aqueous Solution for Ultrasensitive Homogeneous Bioassays","authors":"J. Kobayashi, Y. Takeshita, N. Mizuno, Keio Esashika, T. Saiki","doi":"10.1155/2015/581381","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/581381","url":null,"abstract":"We propose a robust method to distinguish isolated single gold nanoparticles (AuNP monomers) and their dimers under Brownian motion, a key for ultrasensitive homogeneous bioassays, including AuNP sandwich assays. To detect dimers and distinguish them from a larger number of monomers in aqueous solution, single-particle polarization microscopy was performed. For the accurate detection of individual particles, the optical anisotropy and rotational diffusion time are measured because a dimer is much more anisotropic than the nearly spherical monomer and the rotational diffusion time of a dimer is four times that of a monomer. By employing an autocorrelation analysis, we defined a measure of distinguishing that simultaneously enables high detection probability and low error probability. The detection platform offers homogeneous DNA hybridization assays and immunoassays at the subpicomolar level.","PeriodicalId":156432,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Optical Technologies","volume":"2015 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131178315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}