Journal of Elastomers & Plastics最新文献

{"title":"Synthesis of bio-polyol from epoxidized palm oleic acid by homogeneous catalyst","authors":"I. S. Azmi, Muhammad Raihan Mustafa, Nurul Intan Syafinaz Mohd Zalman, Muhammad Danish Haqeem Norazlan, Nuraisyah Mahdir, M. S. Md Zaini, M. Jalil","doi":"10.1177/00952443221147029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00952443221147029","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, many efforts have been made to epoxidize palm oil in response to rising demand for environmentally safe epoxides that generated from vegetable oils. This experiment has studied two methods: the one-step method (continuous epoxidation-hydroxylation) and the two-step method (a separate process of epoxidation followed by hydroxylation) for bio-polyol production. Based on the results of the experiment, the one-step technique experiment was deemed to be the best approach because it did not require for the process to be stopped and because it is a continuous process, it takes less time to manufacture the bio-polyol and costs less because the catalyst is only used once. The relative conversion to oxirane (RCO) percentage was at its maximum (82%) after 30 min of epoxidation reaction. FTIR spectroscopy shows the absorption peak at a wavelength of 3300 cm−1 indicates the presence of hydroxyl groups when polyol was analyzed. Overall, a polyol with a high yield was successfully produced from palm oleic acid by using continuous hydroxylation of epoxidized oleic acid.","PeriodicalId":15613,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Elastomers & Plastics","volume":"76 1","pages":"303 - 315"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86565781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Curing and thermal comparative study of rosin epoxy thermosets with bio-based imidoamines and commercial curing agents","authors":"T. Thakur, B. Gaur","doi":"10.1177/00952443221147034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00952443221147034","url":null,"abstract":"This paper includes the curing of previously synthesized multifunctional bio-based epoxy resins (PEMPAE/TMPAE) with rosin-based imidoamine curing agents (IAMDK/IASDK/IAEDK) which are nucleophilic addition reaction products of diamino diphenyl ether (DDE) and dimaleopimaryl ketone (DMPK), a dehydrodecarboxylated derivative of MPA. Curing dynamics of rosin-based epoxy resins (PEMPAE/TMPAE) with rosin-based imidoamine curing agents (IAMDK/IASDK/IAEDK) were evaluated using differential scanning calorimetry. For comparison, the bio-based epoxy resins were also cured with rosin derivative dimaleopimaryl ketone (DMPK) and commercial-based diamino diphenyl ether (DDE). The universal testing machine and thermogravimetric analyzer) were used to measure the mechanical properties and thermal stability of the cured epoxy samples. The samples’ chemical resistance was assessed by calculating the weight loss in percent after they were submerged in solutions of NaOH, HCl, and NaCl. We also used scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to examine the morphological changes. Rosin-based epoxy cured with imidoamine curing agents outperformed the commercial epoxy in terms of performance.","PeriodicalId":15613,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Elastomers & Plastics","volume":"23 4","pages":"223 - 243"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91488598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of plasticizing time on flexural fatigue of soft Poly(vinyl chloride)","authors":"Yupeng Su, Chen Lian, Yanlu Chen, Kehui Han, Yao Ma, Xinyan Shi","doi":"10.1177/00952443221147640","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00952443221147640","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, seven gradient plasticizing time at 200°C were set to explore the effects on Bally Flex fatigue of soft poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC). The results showed that the rotational rheometer was well used to characterize the plasticizing process of PVC paste. The optimum plasticizing temperature of soft PVC was about 180°C. Within a certain range of plasticizing time, the glass transition temperature of soft PVC decreased with the extension of plasticizing time, and the Bally Flex fatigue life was prolonged as the plasticizing time extended. When the plasticizing time was 105 s, the plasticization was nearly completed, which can be used as an optimum plasticizing time in terms of manufacturing efficiency and quality. When the plasticization time was 135 s, the degree of plasticization was the highest. The fatigue cycles of Bally Flex and breaking energy (W) at −20°C were 136,000 and 4850 J·m−3, respectively. It was concluded that Bally Flex fatigue life and W had a good positive correlation. Thus, the tensile test can be used as a simple approach to predict the Bally Flex fatigue life trend of soft PVC specimens.","PeriodicalId":15613,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Elastomers & Plastics","volume":"21 1","pages":"262 - 278"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85092921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physical–mechanical properties of multifunctional thermoplastic elastomers based on polyolefins and styrene-butadiene elastomer","authors":"N. Kakhramanov, K. Allahverdiyeva, Yunis Gahramanli, F. Mustafayeva, Galina Martynova","doi":"10.1177/00952443221147030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00952443221147030","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents the results of a study of the effect of the content of styrene-butadiene elastomer on the change in ultimate tensile stress, tensile yield strength, elongation at break, flexural strength, enthalpy and melting temperature, Vicat softening temperature, and melt flow rate of polymer blends based on a wide range of thermoplastic polyolefins: high-density polyethylene, low-density polyethylene, polypropylene, ethylene-hexene-1 copolymer, polypropylene random copolymer, and block copolymer of ethylene with propylene. Nanoparticles of technical carbon (TC), aluminum, and calcium stearate were used as fillers. It has been shown that, depending on the type of polyolefin used and the specific concentration of elastomer, the polymer mixture can acquire the properties of a thermoplastic elastomer (TPE). In high-density polyethylene and an ethylene-hexene-1 copolymer, the properties of TPE appear at an elastomer concentration of 30 wt %; in low-density polyethylene, this effect occurs at its 20 wt % content. In polypropylene, polypropylene random copolymer, and ethylene-propylene block copolymer, TPE properties appear at 40 wt % concentration of the elastomeric component. This was confirmed by the results of scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, as well as the “stress–strain” dependence of polymer mixtures. To achieve technological compatibility and miscibility of non-polar polyolefins with polar elastomer, compatibilizers based on high-density polyethylene and polypropylene modified with maleic anhydride were used. It is shown that the equality of the values of the ultimate tensile stress and the tensile yield strength is a consequence of the occurrence of phase inversion in the polymer mixture, that is, change of the dispersed medium to the dispersed phase and vice versa.","PeriodicalId":15613,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Elastomers & Plastics","volume":"51 1","pages":"279 - 302"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77377899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Environmentally friendly polypropylene/poly (trimethylene terephthalate) blend fibers: Resiliency and dyeability","authors":"Mohammad Reza Habibolah Zargar, Seyed Rasoul Mousavi, A. Ebrahimzade, S. A. Mousavi Shoushtari, H. Khonakdar","doi":"10.1177/00952443221147036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00952443221147036","url":null,"abstract":"An environmentally friendly free-carrier technique was used to prepare poly propylene/poly(trimethylene terephthalate) (PP/PTT) blend fibers. As PTT loading increased, its average diameter enhanced, and its distribution narrowed. In addition, the results of mechanical properties demonstrated that incorporating PTT into the PP matrix led to a decrease in tenacity and elongation-at-break. The more the PTT content, the less the tenacity and the elongation-at-break. Moreover, the crystallinity of PP enhanced by about 12% when 20 wt.% PTT was incorporated while melting and crystallization temperatures did not change remarkably. The molten blends indicated almost a Newtonian behavior. On the other hand, the storage modulus enhanced almost linearly in the frequency range of 1–1000 1/sec for all samples. Also, approximately 60% improvement in dyeability and 10% progress in resiliency behavior were observed. The dye uptake ability of samples was improved with the addition of PTT. In addition, the washing and light fastness of the blends were admissible for textile fibers. Generally, blends with PTT content less than 20 wt.% exhibited better physical and mechanical properties, especially resiliency behavior. Therefore, PP/PTT blend fibers are promising candidates for use in textiles in the coming years.","PeriodicalId":15613,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Elastomers & Plastics","volume":"15 1","pages":"244 - 261"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81582913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Additive manufacturing and investigation of shape memory properties of polylactic acid/thermoplastic polyurethane blend","authors":"Sara Abidaryan, B. Akhoundi, Faramarz Hajami","doi":"10.1177/00952443221147028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00952443221147028","url":null,"abstract":"The fused filament fabrication (FFF) process is one of the most widely used additive manufacturing (AM) methods in producing parts with relatively complex geometry due to its low cost and high capability. Using this blend along with the 3D printing method to make complex shapes can have a high potential in medical applications such as stents, so the goal of the following study is to investigate the shape memory properties of Polylactic Acid/Thermoplastic polyurethane (PLA/TPU) blend. The printed samples with 100/0, 80/20, and 60/40 PLA/TPU composition ratios were comprehensively evaluated based on their structural, thermal, and shape memory properties. A differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) test was conducted to determine the glass transition temperatures and crystallization temperature zone of the blends. A full factorial design of experiments was employed to investigate the effect of three variables called composition ratio, printing angle, and filling percentage on shape memory behavior. Using the three-point flexural test, the shape memory behavior of printed samples with composition ratios 100/0,80/20, 60/40, and filling percentages of 50, 75, and 100%, along with printing angles of zero, ±45, and 90°, was evaluated and measured. The annealing process increased the force required to change the shape and crystallization percentage, such that not being processed, no crystals were observed in the X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis of the samples, while after being annealed, up to 38% of the crystals were formed. Increasing the percentage of TPU and temperature led to the softening of the samples, reducing the strength and elastic modulus, as well. Enhancing the percentage of TPU also decreases the hydrophilic properties of the samples. The results showed that the best shape memory performance is related to the 20 weight percentage of TPU composition, and the maximum recovery force ratio belongs to the sample with such a composition, zero printing angles, and 75% filling percentage, which equals 81.56%, while it equals 74% using compression molding (CM) in all three production blends.","PeriodicalId":15613,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Elastomers & Plastics","volume":"116 1","pages":"201 - 222"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77097527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Removal of methylene blue from aqueous solution by magnetic hydrogel nanocomposite absorbents","authors":"Tao Wan, Mingrui Yu, Songsong He, Tairan Wang, Jian Wang, Yang Jia, Q. Tang","doi":"10.1177/00952443221144737","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00952443221144737","url":null,"abstract":"Currently reported adsorbents for wastewater purification generally have only limited adsorption capacity and low adsorption rate towards dye contaminants. In this work, KH570-modified magnetic hydrogel nanocomposites (KH570-mHNCs) with semi-IPNs structure were prepared based on poly (acrylamide-co-acrylic acid), polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP), and KH570-modified magnetic nanoparticles, and it exhibited high absorption capacity and absorption rate for methylene blue dye. KH570-mHNCs had a rough surface with many porous and gully structures, and FTIR results preliminarily confirmed the target structure of KH570-mHNCs. KH570-mHNCs could rapidly absorb methylene blue by approaching absorption equilibrium at 90 min. Dye absorption of KH570-mHNCs had maximum dye absorption capacity at pH = 8, and methylene blue adsorption capacity was 255.4 mg/g, 326.3 mg/g, and 418.5 mg/g in the condition of initial dye concentrations of 700 mg/L, 900 mg/L, and 1100 mg/L, respectively. Methylene blue adsorption isotherms and kinetics conformed to the Langmuir model and pseudo-second-order kinetic model, respectively. Methylene blue adsorption for KH570-mHNCs was a spontaneous, exothermal, and entropy reduction process. In addition, KH570-mHNCs had good magnetic response, desorption, and reusability, which made it a potential application in the field of methylene blue removal from the aqueous solution.","PeriodicalId":15613,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Elastomers & Plastics","volume":"38 1","pages":"167 - 183"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77785748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanical properties of 3D printed parts: Effect of ultraviolet PLA filaments ageing and water absorption","authors":"S. Souissi, Wael Bennour, Rahma Khammassi, A. Elloumi","doi":"10.1177/00952443221144736","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00952443221144736","url":null,"abstract":"In additive manufacturing, fused deposition modelling (FDM) is one of the most often-used technologies. Polylactic Acid (PLA) is the most frequently applied polymer for prototyping or for real uses. This study mainly focuses on the mechanical properties of PLA parts printed with filament exposed to UV light to mimic the effect of recycled filament. Three radiation periods were studied, respectively, 24 h, 48 h and 72 h. Tensile tests were carried out to characterize the influence of building orientation (On flat/on-edge) and raster angles (0°, 45°, 90°, 0°/90°, −45°/+45°). Failure modes were also discussed. Printed specimens were subjected to water absorption to assess the mechanical properties in real application. Generally with the same raster angle, the interlayer structure of specimens manufactured in on-edge orientation has greater adhesion than the specimens in flat orientation. The results show that mechanical properties are lower in case of flat building orientation and the raster angle has the same trend in both orientations. Elsewhere, edge orientation exhibited lower water absorption thanks to the inwall that protected the printed part. UV radiation enhances the interface between printed layers for the lower period. The mechanical properties were affected by the degradation of the bulk material in the direction of 90°.","PeriodicalId":15613,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Elastomers & Plastics","volume":"359 1","pages":"184 - 200"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75504659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance of elastomeric spur gear under dry and oil-lubricated conditions","authors":"Sarita Bharti, S. Senthilvelan","doi":"10.1177/00952443221144738","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00952443221144738","url":null,"abstract":"The fatigue and tribological performance of thermoplastic-based gears have been investigated extensively so far, but no such work has been done on elastomeric gears. In the current work, the feasibility of utilizing elastomeric material for gear applications was investigated. Initially, the sliding contact performance of an elastomeric material under dry and oil-lubricated conditions was examined. Subsequently, the elastomeric gears were subjected to bending and contact loads under dry and oil-lubricated conditions. The elastomeric gear exhibited only tooth root cracks owing to bending fatigue under both dry and oil-lubricated conditions. Unlike thermoplastic-based gears, elastomeric gears do not exhibit thermal deformation or wear failures. The presence of voids in the elastomeric material caused multiple microcracks under dry conditions. Oil-lubricated elastomeric gear controlled crack growth at the tooth root and changed the cracking mode from tensile to shear under the high load condition.","PeriodicalId":15613,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Elastomers & Plastics","volume":"66 5","pages":"134 - 154"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72564052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of high temperature GPC/SEC detection modes on the accurate molar mass estimation of slurry phase multimodal HDPE reactor materials","authors":"Y. Subbaiah, Qua Eng Hau, Ghazai Miqad Al Otaibi","doi":"10.1177/00952443221144741","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00952443221144741","url":null,"abstract":"In the present study, trimodal high-density polyethylene (tri-HDPE) slurry phase samples from the polymerization reactors were subjected to high temperature gel permeation chromatography/size exclusion chromatography (HT-GPC/SEC) analysis. The molecular weight (Mw) and its distributions were evaluated using commercially available HT-GPC instruments equipped with different detection modes (DRI, IR5 MCT, and light scattering). The SEC studies reveal the fact that there is a considerable challenge in generating a repeatable and reproducible data for the reactor grade HDPE samples which could be attributed to different detection modes employed and instability of HDPE reactor grades which are susceptible to undergo thermo-oxidative degradation during HT-GPC analysis. Among various instrumentation and detection modes investigated, the HT-GPC with IR5 MCT detection showed reliable results (%Error <15) when compared with absolute Mw data obtained from MALS detection. Based on the findings, proposed suitable SEC mode to characterize the HDPE reactor grade polymer samples.","PeriodicalId":15613,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Elastomers & Plastics","volume":"43 1","pages":"155 - 164"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74221383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}