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Human Flourishing in an Age of Gene Editing最新文献

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Recovering Practical Wisdom as a Guide for Human Flourishing 恢复实践智慧作为人类繁荣的指南
Human Flourishing in an Age of Gene Editing Pub Date : 2019-10-01 DOI: 10.1093/OSO/9780190940362.003.0014
C. Deane‐Drummond
{"title":"Recovering Practical Wisdom as a Guide for Human Flourishing","authors":"C. Deane‐Drummond","doi":"10.1093/OSO/9780190940362.003.0014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OSO/9780190940362.003.0014","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter argues that practical wisdom understood according to the classic Christian tradition of Thomas Aquinas can contribute to reflection on complex decision-making when considering new genetic technologies such as CRISPR-Cas9 and their potential relationship to human flourishing. Christian theology conceives of the goal of human life as perfection of virtues, according to a beatific vision where Christ is the image of God for all those in the community of believers. Flourishing is therefore conceived in very different terms compared with secular notions of individual health or longevity. Further, practical wisdom works at the level of the individual, family, society, and nation in a way that confronts a tendency to stress individual autonomy in secular medical ethics. The implications of this perspective are discussed in light of current debates on the new genetics.","PeriodicalId":155818,"journal":{"name":"Human Flourishing in an Age of Gene Editing","volume":"26 12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124775693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Flourishing and the Value of Authenticity 繁荣与真实性的价值
Human Flourishing in an Age of Gene Editing Pub Date : 2019-10-01 DOI: 10.1093/OSO/9780190940362.003.0003
Daniel M. Haybron
{"title":"Flourishing and the Value of Authenticity","authors":"Daniel M. Haybron","doi":"10.1093/OSO/9780190940362.003.0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OSO/9780190940362.003.0003","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter examines the role of authenticity in well-being, focusing on issues raised by biotechnologies like gene editing. It is argued that there are good reasons to view authenticity as an aspect of well-being, and the chapter discusses some implications of this view for gene-editing technologies. Also briefly surveyed is the philosophical literature on well-being. The chief goal is to make the case that authenticity merits serious consideration as an aspect of well-being. Even if one concludes that it has no role in the best theory of well-being, the notion of authenticity is deeply embedded in ordinary thinking about the good life and merits attention from policymakers and others if only for that reason.","PeriodicalId":155818,"journal":{"name":"Human Flourishing in an Age of Gene Editing","volume":"131 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124627952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Bioethics Contra Biopower 生物伦理学反对生物权力
Human Flourishing in an Age of Gene Editing Pub Date : 2019-10-01 DOI: 10.1093/OSO/9780190940362.003.0018
B. Jennings
{"title":"Bioethics Contra Biopower","authors":"B. Jennings","doi":"10.1093/OSO/9780190940362.003.0018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OSO/9780190940362.003.0018","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter engages two issues as they bear on genomic editing and the effects of biotechnology on human well-being: (1) how technology influences a reductionistic and manipulative understanding of biopower and biopolitics, fundamentally at odds with the worldview of bioethical humanism; and (2) how the reconceptualization of human flourishing in capability theories of justice bears on the ethics of biotechnology. The argument of this chapter appeals to a relational or “ecological” humanism that will assist bioethics in developing a critique of the technologies and knowledges of molecular reductionism. In the perspective of relational humanism, human beings are empowered as subjects of value and agents of self-realization, and mutual relations of interdependence and solidarity are affirmed. Along these lines, a reframed debate concerning the governance of biopower and the promotion of just human flourishing in an age of biotechnology can take place.","PeriodicalId":155818,"journal":{"name":"Human Flourishing in an Age of Gene Editing","volume":"233 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123251935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Whose Conception of Human Flourishing? 谁的人类繁荣观?
Human Flourishing in an Age of Gene Editing Pub Date : 2019-10-01 DOI: 10.1093/OSO/9780190940362.003.0015
D. Roberts
{"title":"Whose Conception of Human Flourishing?","authors":"D. Roberts","doi":"10.1093/OSO/9780190940362.003.0015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OSO/9780190940362.003.0015","url":null,"abstract":"The argument that having certain genetic traits and not having others (whether as an individual or as a species) increases well-being assumes an understanding of what it means for humans to live well—to flourish. Yet the concept of human flourishing that undergirds this claim tends to import socially biased assumptions about what human flourishing means. In particular, it promotes the traits of socially advantaged groups and focuses on individual enhancement rather than social change. By assuming a concept of human flourishing that privileges these interests, arguments in favor of gene editing can reinforce socially unjust hierarchies and distract us from what we know are flourishing’s most powerful predictors. For a full and just deliberation of the ethics of human genetic modification, therefore, the perspectives of groups that are disadvantaged most by social inequalities must be centered in defining the meaning of human flourishing.","PeriodicalId":155818,"journal":{"name":"Human Flourishing in an Age of Gene Editing","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125212911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Can We Care about Nature? 我们能关心自然吗?
Human Flourishing in an Age of Gene Editing Pub Date : 2019-10-01 DOI: 10.1093/OSO/9780190940362.003.0007
G. Kaebnick
{"title":"Can We Care about Nature?","authors":"G. Kaebnick","doi":"10.1093/OSO/9780190940362.003.0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OSO/9780190940362.003.0007","url":null,"abstract":"The debate about human enhancement turns partly on the view we take about the ideal human relationship to nature, but those views are hard to articulate and are frequently misunderstood. Often, those who raise concerns about human enhancement on grounds of beliefs about the human relationship to nature are seen as holding that human enhancement is simply “against nature” and therefore flatly wrong. But there are alternative ways of describing the ideal human relationship to nature. The belief that enhancement is against nature requires understanding moral values, nature, and the human relationship to nature in rather rigid ways. Alternative ways of understanding those things can lead to a significantly more moderate view—that the concern about nature is not about violating nature but simply about striking a balance between remaking nature or preserving it.","PeriodicalId":155818,"journal":{"name":"Human Flourishing in an Age of Gene Editing","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117342670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Welcoming the Unexpected 欢迎意外
Human Flourishing in an Age of Gene Editing Pub Date : 2019-10-01 DOI: 10.1093/OSO/9780190940362.003.0002
Rosemarie Garland-Thomson
{"title":"Welcoming the Unexpected","authors":"Rosemarie Garland-Thomson","doi":"10.1093/OSO/9780190940362.003.0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OSO/9780190940362.003.0002","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter proposes that recognizing the lived experience of disability as an informing principle of full moral personhood is essential to understanding what is required for human flourishing, which is a concept that ultimately supports a wide spectrum of human embodied existence. An attitude of humility and welcome toward the human experience of disability can serve to guide practice, policy, world building, and technology making in the world, all of which will enable individuals to flourish in their full distinctiveness rather than within narrowly conceived definitions of physical and genetic traits thought to be advantageous. A bioethics that intentionally and ethically shapes society, instead of shaping bodies, can urge us to create a shared world inhabitable by the widest range of human users, thus also a world that promotes the cultural, political, institutional, and material climate in which people with disabilities can most effectively flourish.","PeriodicalId":155818,"journal":{"name":"Human Flourishing in an Age of Gene Editing","volume":"112 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132397828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 12
Editing the Best of All Possible Worlds 编辑最好的所有可能的世界
Human Flourishing in an Age of Gene Editing Pub Date : 2019-10-01 DOI: 10.1093/OSO/9780190940362.003.0005
M. Hauskeller
{"title":"Editing the Best of All Possible Worlds","authors":"M. Hauskeller","doi":"10.1093/OSO/9780190940362.003.0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OSO/9780190940362.003.0005","url":null,"abstract":"It has been argued that we have a moral obligation to explore human germline modification in order to create the best possible children. In contrast, this chapter argues that in order to flourish as human beings we need to recognize that there are many different ways of being good and that the pursuit of happiness is most likely to succeed not in the extraordinary, the larger than life and better than human and beyond average, but in the ordinary life, which has enough scope and depth to provide us with all the happiness that a human life can possibly have.","PeriodicalId":155818,"journal":{"name":"Human Flourishing in an Age of Gene Editing","volume":"82 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126167626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Reprogenetic Technologies Between Private Choice and Public Good 私人选择与公共利益之间的再生技术
Human Flourishing in an Age of Gene Editing Pub Date : 2019-10-01 DOI: 10.1093/OSO/9780190940362.003.0016
M. Schermer
{"title":"Reprogenetic Technologies Between Private Choice and Public Good","authors":"M. Schermer","doi":"10.1093/OSO/9780190940362.003.0016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OSO/9780190940362.003.0016","url":null,"abstract":"Much of the bioethical debate on reproductive and genetic technologies has focused on the potential risks and benefits for individuals. This chapter shifts the focus from the individualistic level towards a societal perspective. It explores how emerging reprogenetic technologies can both thwart and promote the flourishing of communities, and argues that these technologies can contribute to the public good only when certain social conditions and side-constraints are in place—which can sometimes entail influencing or even limiting individual choice. The chapter gives an account of how we should understand ‘the public good’ in this context, including values such as tolerance, inclusion, and solidarity. It explores how reprogenetic technologies can affect the public good, for better or worse. Finally it addresses the forms of governance—regulations, institutional checks and balances—we might deploy with regard to these technologies to ensure they contribute to both individual and collective flourishing.","PeriodicalId":155818,"journal":{"name":"Human Flourishing in an Age of Gene Editing","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116614994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Parental Responsibility and Gene Editing 父母责任与基因编辑
Human Flourishing in an Age of Gene Editing Pub Date : 2019-10-01 DOI: 10.1093/OSO/9780190940362.003.0010
Nicole A. Vincent, E. Jane
{"title":"Parental Responsibility and Gene Editing","authors":"Nicole A. Vincent, E. Jane","doi":"10.1093/OSO/9780190940362.003.0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OSO/9780190940362.003.0010","url":null,"abstract":"Once genetic screening and intervention technologies become safe, effective, and inexpensive, should parents use them to safeguard their children’s happiness, and would parents who do not use them be reckless and irresponsible? This line of thinking is troubling for many reasons, but in particular because it overlooks that social pressure, not a sense of responsibility, is what will most likely lead parents to use such technologies. This matters because unless more attention is paid to how people’s choices are affected by group dynamics, then over time nobody may even notice when such technologies start being used in troubling ways. To address this concern, the chapter argues that social institutions are needed that enable society as a whole to reflect on its own evolution over time. Until such institutions are created—to oversee, to evaluate, and to control social factors that influence people’s choices—it makes little sense to debate parental responsibilities.","PeriodicalId":155818,"journal":{"name":"Human Flourishing in an Age of Gene Editing","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117322857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Dismal Fate of Flourishing in Public Policy Bioethics 公共政策生命伦理学繁荣的惨淡命运
Human Flourishing in an Age of Gene Editing Pub Date : 2019-10-01 DOI: 10.1093/OSO/9780190940362.003.0004
John H. Evans
{"title":"The Dismal Fate of Flourishing in Public Policy Bioethics","authors":"John H. Evans","doi":"10.1093/OSO/9780190940362.003.0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OSO/9780190940362.003.0004","url":null,"abstract":"The re-emerging debate about human gene editing appears to be limited to whether gene editing will effectively advance the ends, goals, or values of autonomy, beneficence, nonmaleficence, and justice. As is the case for most of contemporary bioethics, what is not being considered is a substantive debate about what our goals should be in gene editing—that is, the debate is not trying to establish an account of human flourishing. The chapter posits that the public would include many other goals in their moral calculus and discusses why it is important to have this broader discussion. Finally, the chapter turns to a sociological explanation for why this debate is “thin” and not “thick,” why it only asks about whether the means of human gene editing maximize certain fixed ends instead of what our ends—our flourishing—should be.","PeriodicalId":155818,"journal":{"name":"Human Flourishing in an Age of Gene Editing","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130173868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
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