{"title":"FABB: a blackboard development tool and its application to command and control","authors":"B. League","doi":"10.1109/ISIC.1988.65431","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISIC.1988.65431","url":null,"abstract":"The Ford Aerospace Blackboard System (FABB) and its application to intelligent command and control are described. FABB is a blackboard development tool built upon Knowledge Craft that combines and extends many of the features found in current university blackboard shells. Extended use is made of Knowledge Craft's context mechanisms, both to isolate multiple blackboards within a single knowledge base and to allow independent knowledge sources to perform alternate world reasoning. Intelligent control of the problem-solving process is obtained by defining control blackboards, control knowledge sources, and control data objects. High-level plans and strategies are predefined before program execution and chosen opportunistically in a manner that best suits the problem situation. FABB is being used as the development tool in the initial stage of building a command and control system that analyzes and combines multiple, and often incomplete and inaccurate, information in an effort to identify enemy plans intelligently.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":155616,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings IEEE International Symposium on Intelligent Control 1988","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129570341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Intelligent humans, intelligent systems, and intelligent human-systems","authors":"A. Sage","doi":"10.1109/ISIC.1988.65397","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISIC.1988.65397","url":null,"abstract":"The author examines some notions of what it means to control a system. Within this context, he examines some of the competing concerns relative to intelligence in systems. He examines why information and communications are irretrievably linked to successful use of intelligent systems by humans. This leads to an examination of the system design needs for intelligent human systems. Some implications of this for engineering education are discussed.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":155616,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings IEEE International Symposium on Intelligent Control 1988","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121218128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. A. West, R. Chandraker, D.J. Williams, D. Mulvaney
{"title":"Hybrid representations of real-time control rules for manufacturing process control in electronics manufacture","authors":"A. A. West, R. Chandraker, D.J. Williams, D. Mulvaney","doi":"10.1109/ISIC.1988.65525","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISIC.1988.65525","url":null,"abstract":"The authors present the results of experiments to determine the empirical control rules needed in the control of the dispensing of the small quantities of adhesives used to secure surface mount components to mixed technology printed circuit boards before wave soldering. Rule representations needed to control the dispensing system and to adapt elements of its behavior to changes in material property parameters are discussed. The authors also describe the implementation of a diagnostic system operating on a pressure-time pulse from the dispensing equipment. This system is a part of the controller that is needed for the dispensing system and the manufacturing cell in which it is contained. The cell and a control system that is currently under construction are also presented.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":155616,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings IEEE International Symposium on Intelligent Control 1988","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129902820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Systolic array realization of a trajectory planning algorithm in robotics","authors":"J.-Y. Han, D.C. Krishnan","doi":"10.1109/ISIC.1988.65505","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISIC.1988.65505","url":null,"abstract":"A parallel pipeline architecture using systolic arrays is proposed for a collision-free trajectory planning algorithm. A systolic array for realizing the pseudo-inverse of a Jacobian matrix is proposed, and the systolic design for a minimum norm trajectory planner and collision-free trajectory planner are described. The computer system architecture can compute the collision-free trajectory of a robot fast enough for real-time operation. Specifically, the computation time needed to determine the trajectory of the end-effector using the systolic array is about 21.8 mu s, which is very short when compared to the reaction time of the robotic manipulator. Hence, the structure is well suited for real-time operations.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":155616,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings IEEE International Symposium on Intelligent Control 1988","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129956567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A tree grammar scheme for generation and recognition of simple texture paths in pictures","authors":"H. Vafaie, N. Bourbakis","doi":"10.1109/ISIC.1988.65396","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISIC.1988.65396","url":null,"abstract":"The authors present a tree grammar scheme for generation of selected texture straight paths based on the structural and syntactic model introduced by K.S. Fu (1982). The procedure allows for representation of binary images as well as gray scale and color images. The procedure provides an easy approach for representing a quad tree and an alternative for saving space and memory access time. The authors provide a software framework which uses the concept of this grammar scheme for detection and recognition of texture paths in a gray image of N*N pixels. Prolog was chosen as the programming language, since it is easy to represent the grammar rules in this language.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":155616,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings IEEE International Symposium on Intelligent Control 1988","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130345038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An application of machine learning techniques to the automatic acquisition from experience of tactical expertise in multiaircraft combat","authors":"C. de Sainte Marie, A. Gilles","doi":"10.1109/ISIC.1988.65528","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISIC.1988.65528","url":null,"abstract":"The authors describe an application of machine learning techniques to the acquisition of opponent allocation rules in multiaircraft air combat. They outline the tools used: the multiaircraft combat simulator EMIL and the learning system MACHIN. Then they explain how they were integrated in EMILIA and discuss some results of the first test and validation campaigns. The problems concerning the inclusion of learning capabilities in the air combat simulation environment and the solutions implemented are presented. It was found that the learning techniques implemented already allow operationally valuable rule bases to be created and included in combat situations. They allow a refinement of the expertise in the area of two-to-two multiaircraft combat as well as one-to-two asymmetrical combat.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":155616,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings IEEE International Symposium on Intelligent Control 1988","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129843435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A wide angle vision system for mobile robots","authors":"S. Oh, D.J. Ahn, E. Hall","doi":"10.1109/ISIC.1988.65481","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISIC.1988.65481","url":null,"abstract":"An overview of a wide-angle vision system for vision servo control of a mobile robot is presented. General theoretical principles are stated, followed by a specific example. It is noted that the general robot control problem is difficult due to the nonlinear, coupled nature of a multi-degree-of-freedom device. In specific cases, clever methods are required to uncouple the various degrees of freedom and simplify the nonlinear elements. The use of a specific test vehicle, a robot lawn mower, has provided a research tool with which to test new concepts and approaches.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":155616,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings IEEE International Symposium on Intelligent Control 1988","volume":"157 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120871522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A two-level neural network system for learning control of robot motion","authors":"C. Isik, M. K. Ciliz","doi":"10.1109/ISIC.1988.65485","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISIC.1988.65485","url":null,"abstract":"A two-level neural net system is proposed as a learning controller for a mobile robot. The lower-level subsystem adapts to environmental changes while the higher-level subsystem maintains a library of connection weights for a variety of distinct environments and loads the appropriate set of coefficients to the lower level following the recognition of the current environment. The conceptual design of the system is presented, as well as a qualitative analysis of the lower-level subsystem convergence performance using simulation results. The simulation results show that, rather than random initial weights, a prototype set obtained from a simple analytical model could markedly reduce the number of iterations. The proposed two-level neural net structure, by recalling from a library the appropriate set of connection weights, can bring down the number of iterations below 10, given that the recalled weights are within approximately 15% of the steady-state values.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":155616,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings IEEE International Symposium on Intelligent Control 1988","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124750602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"BESTool: a blackboard shell and its application to a traffic control problem","authors":"J. Maclean, K. Rudie, H. Zhong, G. Pang","doi":"10.1109/ISIC.1988.65463","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISIC.1988.65463","url":null,"abstract":"An expert systems tool based on blackboard architecture called BESTool (Blackboard Expert System Tool) is described. The software includes a blackboard shell written PROLOG and an application program for a small-scale street traffic control problem. The structure of the shell and its control strategy are described. The applicability of this shell to real-time control is demonstrated through the design and simulation of a single-junction street traffic control problem.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":155616,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings IEEE International Symposium on Intelligent Control 1988","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122841495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A system for reasoning by minimizing exception","authors":"S. Post","doi":"10.1109/ISIC.1988.65439","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISIC.1988.65439","url":null,"abstract":"The author describes least exception logic (LEL), a new paradigm for default reasoning synthesized from the first-order predicate calculus and integer linear programming. Whereas logical inference couples unification with Boolean constraint satisfaction and draws inferences in a piecewise process, LEL decouples unification from solution and draws inferences by global optimization. This approach breaks down the distinction between logic-based and measure-based methods for default reasoning and advances each. Logic-based methods are advanced through LEL's ability to choose the best combination of default rules to apply when various feasible combinations are in contention. Measure-based methods are advanced through LEL's ability to focus on the best overall solution rather than becoming muddled by propagation of deteriorating measures of certainty for individual propositions. LEL has been implemented and used on several moderate-sized problems in natural language understanding.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":155616,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings IEEE International Symposium on Intelligent Control 1988","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126446441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}