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A Brief Note on Immunotoxicology 免疫毒理学简介
Journal of Drug Metabolism and Toxicology Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.35248/2157-7609.21.12.E148
S. Harshitha
{"title":"A Brief Note on Immunotoxicology","authors":"S. Harshitha","doi":"10.35248/2157-7609.21.12.E148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2157-7609.21.12.E148","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15537,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Drug Metabolism and Toxicology","volume":"20 1","pages":"1-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81633001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Implications and Significance of Methyl Mercury Toxicity and Exposure in Riceand Fish 甲基汞对水稻和鱼类的毒性和暴露的影响和意义
Journal of Drug Metabolism and Toxicology Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.35248/2157-7609.21.12.258
J. R. Palmieri, Tracee Guthrie, Gurleen Kaur, E. Collins, Brooke Benjamin
{"title":"Implications and Significance of Methyl Mercury Toxicity and Exposure in Riceand Fish","authors":"J. R. Palmieri, Tracee Guthrie, Gurleen Kaur, E. Collins, Brooke Benjamin","doi":"10.35248/2157-7609.21.12.258","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2157-7609.21.12.258","url":null,"abstract":"Rice and fish are staple food items in many cultures and are particularly vulnerable to the accumulation of heavy metals, specifically mercury, when exposed to agricultural contamination via agricultural soils and water sources. These contaminated foods are then consumed by higher organisms up in the food chain, leading to further accumulation of the mercury, a process known as bio-amplification. Mercury is considered to be the most toxic heavy metal due to the fact that it causes significant systemic toxic effects. This commentary discusses the implications and significance of mercury in rice and fish and illustrates the necessity for further research to demonstrate the importance for public awareness and education for prevention of exposure to mercury via fish and rice ingestion.","PeriodicalId":15537,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Drug Metabolism and Toxicology","volume":"32 1","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76458941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Cell Membrane and Its Functions 细胞膜及其功能
Journal of Drug Metabolism and Toxicology Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.35248/2157-7609.21.12.E149
E. Abam
{"title":"Cell Membrane and Its Functions","authors":"E. Abam","doi":"10.35248/2157-7609.21.12.E149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2157-7609.21.12.E149","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15537,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Drug Metabolism and Toxicology","volume":"18 1","pages":"1-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86412007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Uses and Side Effects of Barbiturate 巴比妥酸盐的使用和副作用
Journal of Drug Metabolism and Toxicology Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.35248/2157-7609.21.12.261
E. Abam
{"title":"Uses and Side Effects of Barbiturate","authors":"E. Abam","doi":"10.35248/2157-7609.21.12.261","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2157-7609.21.12.261","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15537,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Drug Metabolism and Toxicology","volume":"130 1","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74815053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Effects of Paracetamol on the Liver and Kidney Functions of a Rat Model Following Prolonged Alcohol Administration 对乙酰氨基酚对长期饮酒大鼠模型肝肾功能的影响
Journal of Drug Metabolism and Toxicology Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.35248/2157-7609.21.12.256
Queenter Oloo
{"title":"The Effects of Paracetamol on the Liver and Kidney Functions of a Rat Model Following Prolonged Alcohol Administration","authors":"Queenter Oloo","doi":"10.35248/2157-7609.21.12.256","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2157-7609.21.12.256","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: Despite the potential health risks, Paracetamol is commonly misused for management of hangover among regular users of alcohol. Studies on the combined use of the two drugs are limited and controversial. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the interaction of the two drugs on the biological parameters of a rat model. Methods: Animals were divided into twelve groups. The negative and positive controls received distilled water and alcohol, respectively. Alcohol was administered at 2.5, 3.5 and 4.5 g/kg orally for 4 weeks. Paracetamol was given at doses of 40 and 400 mg/kg. Half of the other groups received combined doses of the two drugs. Hematological and blood chemistry were determined using auto-analyzers while histostructure was scored under light microscopy. Results: Alcohol induced a dose and time dependent gain on body weight, but when used in combination with paracetamol the effect was mixed. When used independently and combined, the drugs did not affect (p>0.05) the hematological profiles. For blood chemistry, the drugs caused a dose dependent elevation of liver enzymes, bilirubin, urea, reduced albumin levels and various degrees of liver and renal pathology. Conclusion: In moderate doses, Paracetamol is safe but high doses and chronic use of alcohol causes hepatotoxicity. Individually, alcohol and Paracetamol have a low risk of renal damage but when used together the risk is increased. Thus, regular use of Paracetamol in management of alcohol induced hangover is discouraged as this increases the risk of liver and kidney diseases.","PeriodicalId":15537,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Drug Metabolism and Toxicology","volume":"77 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85707086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
A Note on: Biotransformation 注:生物转化
Journal of Drug Metabolism and Toxicology Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.35248/2157-7609.21.S11.E001
Rafal Al-Nasiri
{"title":"A Note on: Biotransformation","authors":"Rafal Al-Nasiri","doi":"10.35248/2157-7609.21.S11.E001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2157-7609.21.S11.E001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15537,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Drug Metabolism and Toxicology","volume":"39 1","pages":"1-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85823942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Nanosized Model Drug Loaded Bio-Nano Suspension: Itandrsquo;s Development, Characterization and Evaluation 纳米载药生物纳米悬浮液:Itandrsquo的研制、表征与评价
Journal of Drug Metabolism and Toxicology Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.35248/2157-7609.21.12.257
Sushant Kumar, N. Madhav, P. Swarnima, Ey
{"title":"Nanosized Model Drug Loaded Bio-Nano Suspension: Itandrsquo;s Development, Characterization and Evaluation","authors":"Sushant Kumar, N. Madhav, P. Swarnima, Ey","doi":"10.35248/2157-7609.21.12.257","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2157-7609.21.12.257","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this research was to develop the phenytoin loaded bionanosuspension by using the novel biopolymer from Juglans regia. The different ratio of phenytoin and biopolymer (1:0.8, 1:1,1:2,1:3,1:4,1:5,1:8) were taken for preparation of formulations PJ1-PJ7. The bionanosuspension were evaluated for spread ability test, pH% entrapment efficacy, bio nanoparticles size in bionanosuspension, zeta potential, stability study and in-vitro drug release study. The formulation PJ2 with 1:1 drug biopolymer ratio was found to be best stable bionanosuspension on the basis of above evaluation parameters. The best formulation PJ2 showed the significant satisfactory results for different evaluations with t 50% of 18.09 hours and t 80% of 29.77 hours with r2 value of 0.9970. The best formulation PJ2 showed up to 86.56% ± 3 drug release in 36 hours. The bionanosuspension was found to be stable and safe for the delivery of Nano sized phenytoin using the isolated biopolymer having a unique stabilizer cum retardant property.","PeriodicalId":15537,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Drug Metabolism and Toxicology","volume":"13 1","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73508015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A Smart Approach for Delivery of Risperidone via Translabial Route for Improved Therapeutic Efficacy 通过跨唇途径给药利培酮提高疗效的一种明智方法
Journal of Drug Metabolism and Toxicology Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.35248/2157-7609.21.12.259
Bhavana Singh, N. Madhav, D. Joshi, Nidhi Semwal
{"title":"A Smart Approach for Delivery of Risperidone via Translabial Route for Improved Therapeutic Efficacy","authors":"Bhavana Singh, N. Madhav, D. Joshi, Nidhi Semwal","doi":"10.35248/2157-7609.21.12.259","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2157-7609.21.12.259","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: Despite the potential health risks, Paracetamol is commonly misused for management of hangover among regular users of alcohol. Studies on the combined use of the two drugs are limited and controversial. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the interaction of the two drugs on the biological parameters of a rat model. Methods: Animals were divided into twelve groups. The negative and positive controls received distilled water and alcohol, respectively. Alcohol was administered at 2.5, 3.5 and 4.5 g/kg orally for 4 weeks. Paracetamol was given at doses of 40 and 400 mg/kg. Half of the other groups received combined doses of the two drugs. Hematological and blood chemistry were determined using auto-analyzers while histostructure was scored under light microscopy. Results: Alcohol induced a dose and time dependent gain on body weight, but when used in combination with paracetamol the effect was mixed. When used independently and combined, the drugs did not affect (p>0.05) the hematological profiles. For blood chemistry, the drugs caused a dose dependent elevation of liver enzymes, bilirubin, urea, reduced albumin levels and various degrees of liver and renal pathology. Conclusion: In moderate doses, Paracetamol is safe but high doses and chronic use of alcohol causes hepatotoxicity. Individually, alcohol and Paracetamol have a low risk of renal damage but when used together the risk is increased. Thus, regular use of Paracetamol in management of alcohol induced hangover is discouraged as this increases the risk of liver and kidney diseases.","PeriodicalId":15537,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Drug Metabolism and Toxicology","volume":"41 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78325122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A Brief Note on Formaldehyde 关于甲醛的简要说明
Journal of Drug Metabolism and Toxicology Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.35248/2157-7609.21.12.E150
E. Abam
{"title":"A Brief Note on Formaldehyde","authors":"E. Abam","doi":"10.35248/2157-7609.21.12.E150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2157-7609.21.12.E150","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15537,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Drug Metabolism and Toxicology","volume":"18 1","pages":"1-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80933222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Evaluation of the Toxicologic Cases in Emergency Service 急救中毒理学病例的评价
Journal of Drug Metabolism and Toxicology Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.35248/2157-7609.21.12.260
Neslihan Gürbüz
{"title":"Evaluation of the Toxicologic Cases in Emergency Service","authors":"Neslihan Gürbüz","doi":"10.35248/2157-7609.21.12.260","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2157-7609.21.12.260","url":null,"abstract":"Poisoning is the absorption of chemical, physical, or organic substances into the body by the gastrointestinal tract, skin, mucosa or respiratory tract or by injection, causing toxic effects and cell, tissue and organ damage. This is a major public health problem that causes many of the emergency admissions. Toxic exposure can be with a wide clinical picture.","PeriodicalId":15537,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Drug Metabolism and Toxicology","volume":"36 1","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80722407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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