Journal of civil engineering and architecture最新文献

{"title":"Color as Material: Ceramic Surfaces in the Work of Gio Ponti in Milan (1927-1970)","authors":"Sara Di Resta","doi":"10.17265/1934-7359/2023.11.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/1934-7359/2023.11.008","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15507,"journal":{"name":"Journal of civil engineering and architecture","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139222955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effective Management of Performance Based Maintenance Contracts (PBMC) by Adopting Asset Management Concepts","authors":"None Sameh Zaghloul","doi":"10.17265/1934-7359/2023.09.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/1934-7359/2023.09.004","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15507,"journal":{"name":"Journal of civil engineering and architecture","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135470037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modelling Fire in Tunnels: A Large Scale Validated Two-Step Modelling Method","authors":"None Benjamin Truchot","doi":"10.17265/1934-7359/2023.09.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/1934-7359/2023.09.002","url":null,"abstract":": Fire is a quite common phenomenon in tunnel and being able to model its consequences with a good precision is crucial to design adapted safety measures. Modelling the fire behaviour in tunnel is quite challenging. Managing large-scale experiment for all the possible configurations is however economically unrealistic. This paper presents an experimental real scale fire test that was used not only for demonstrating the fire behaviour but also for evaluating the capabilities of the FDS (fire dynamics simulator) fire code to model fire consequences too. It enables highlighting the importance of wall and inlet boundary condition treatment. Keeping in mind that predicting fire development using a CFD (computational fluid dynamics) code is quite impossible, a two-level approach is discussed with an analytical model to predict the fire curve and a CFD model for predicting smoke propagation, temperature and toxic gases distribution inside the tunnel. The comparisons show a good agreement between experimental fire test and CFD modelling but also let appear requirements when using CFD.","PeriodicalId":15507,"journal":{"name":"Journal of civil engineering and architecture","volume":"73 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135470041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fabrication and Characterization of Lightweight Ceramic/Polyurethane Composites","authors":"None Paulina Chabera","doi":"10.17265/1934-7359/2023.09.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/1934-7359/2023.09.001","url":null,"abstract":": The paper presents the experimental results of fabrication and characterization of ceramic/ polyurethane composites. The composites were fabricated from preforms with gradient of porosity and different pores size. The composites obtained via infiltration of porous Al2O3 ceramics by urea-urethane elastomers poses a microstructure of percolated phases. In order to improve thermal resistance and mechanical properties of composites, fire retardants and silane coupling agent were used. The microstructure of ceramic/ elastomer composites was characterized using X-ray tomography as well as Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The microscopic observations proved that the matrix pores are filled with the elastomer. It was found that residual porosity of composites was up to 5vol. %. Such composites exhibit high initial strength with the ability to sustain large deformations due to combining the ceramic stiffness and rubbery elasticity of elastomer. Static compression tests for the obtained composites were carried out and the energy absorbed during compression was calculated as the area under the stress-strain curve. The dynamic behavior of the composite was investigated using the split Hopkinson pressure bar technique in conjunction with high-speed photography. It was found that ceramic-elastomer composites effectively absorb the energy. Moreover, ballistic test was carried out using armor piercing bullets.","PeriodicalId":15507,"journal":{"name":"Journal of civil engineering and architecture","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135470039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impact of Water Scarcity on Food Security in Iraq","authors":"None Varoujan K. Sissakian, None Nadhir Al-Ansari, None Nasrat Adamo, None Jan Laue","doi":"10.17265/1934-7359/2023.09.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/1934-7359/2023.09.003","url":null,"abstract":": Iraq is part of the Fertile Crescent with the two large rivers: Tigris and Euphrates and their tributaries that secure the required quantity and quality of water to the Iraqi population for their different uses; including agriculture, industry, and other domestic requirements. During the last decades, however, the quantity and quality of water in these rivers decreased causing water scarcity in the country. This scarcity is having severe impacts on food security in Iraq since large cultivated areas in different parts of the country that grow different agricultural products have been abandoned due to lack of water. The worsening situation is attributed mainly to global climate changes including decreasing rainfall amounts, increase in air temperature, and insufficient water inflows in the two main rivers and their tributaries. This last issue is exasperated by the unfair water sharing policies of the riparian countries namely Turkey and Iran. In writing this article relevant data from different sources were used. Numerous published reports and papers dealing with this important issue were consulted, while at the same time, the long experience of the authors in these very important issues was also drawn upon to elucidate the difficulties that are current today and those expected in the future in this field.","PeriodicalId":15507,"journal":{"name":"Journal of civil engineering and architecture","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135470040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Traffic Speed Interface Development in Route Choice Decision","authors":"None Md. Saidul Azam Chowdhury","doi":"10.17265/1934-7359/2023.09.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/1934-7359/2023.09.005","url":null,"abstract":": In this paper, a method has been developed based on historic traffic data (speed), which helps the commuters to choose routes by their intelligence knowing the traffic conditions in Google maps. Data has been collected on basis of video analysis from several segments between Tuker Bazar and Bandar Bazar route. For each of the video footage, a reference length has been recorded with measurement tape for use in video analysis. A software has been also developed based on Java language to get the traffic information from historic data, which shows the output as images consisting of traffic speed details on the available routes by giving day and time limit as inputs. The developed models provide useful insights and helpful for the policy makers that can lead to the reduction of traffic congestion and increase the scope of intelligence of the road users, at least for the underdeveloped or developing country where navigation is still unavailable.","PeriodicalId":15507,"journal":{"name":"Journal of civil engineering and architecture","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135470038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impact of Fabric Weave and Anisotropy on the Poisson’s Ratio in Technical Fabrics","authors":"None Diana Šimić Penava, None Željko Penava, None Tea Jovanović","doi":"10.17265/1934-7359/2023.08.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/1934-7359/2023.08.001","url":null,"abstract":": Poisson’s ratio changes during the tensile stress of technical fabric samples due to the anisotropy of technical fabrics. This paper examines the effects of the type of weave and the anisotropic characteristics of the technical fabric on maximum tensile force, corresponding elongation, work-to-maximum force, elasticity modulus, and Poisson’s ratio when axial tensile forces are applied to samples cut at various angles in the direction of the weft yarns of the technical fabric. In the lab, 3 cotton fabric samples of constant warp and weft density with different structural weave types (plain weave, twill weave, atlas weave) were subjected to the tensile force until they broke at the following angles: 0°, 15°, 30°, 45°, 60°, 75°, 90°. Based on the different measured values of technical fabric stretching in the longitudinal direction and lateral narrowing, Poisson’s ratio is calculated. The Poisson’s ratio was calculated up to a relative elongation of the fabric of 8%, as the buckling of the fabric occurs according to this elongation value. According to the results presented in this paper, the type of weave of the fabric, the direction of tensile force, and the relative narrowing of the technical fabrics all play important roles in the Poisson’s ratio value. The Poisson’s ratio curve of a technical fabric under tensile stress (i.e. elongation) is primarily determined by its behaviour in the opposite direction of the elongation. The change in the value of the Poisson’s ratio is represented by a graph that first increases nonlinearly and then decreases after reaching its maximum value.","PeriodicalId":15507,"journal":{"name":"Journal of civil engineering and architecture","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135134608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On the Danger of Threats Underestimating and the Resulting Unreliable Assessment of Building Fire Safety","authors":"None Paweł A. Król","doi":"10.17265/1934-7359/2023.08.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/1934-7359/2023.08.003","url":null,"abstract":": The paper gives an example showing that the utilization of prescriptive rules in some situations can lead to strong underestimation of the real risks and inadequate fire safety assessment of buildings. The issue seems to be very important as the prescriptive rules in many European countries are the only allowed and acceptable by the authority’s method of building fire safety assessment. The building presented in this paper is an exemplary bakery plant consisting of several premises of a different purpose and method of use, e.g.: technical facilities, production depot, distribution and storage spaces, long-term storage cool rooms, etc. The whole building that consists of single-story technological (production and storage) part and (located on two stories) office parts was approved as a singular fire zone with a total usable area of 6280 m 2 . The technological area includes production facilities, storage depots of raw materials, packages and finished products, as well as cold stores and a number of auxiliary function rooms. In the second (having two stories) part of the building some social rooms, administrative areas and offices are localized. The total height of the building (at the highest point) does not exceed 10.5 m. Due to the Polish regulations the parameters determining the fire-related requirements of individual structural elements of the building (especially in terms of their fire resistance) are the surface area, the average value of the fire-load density and the presence of the risk of possible explosion. The building was designed based on the assumption that the average fire-load density does not exceed the level of 1000 MJ/m 2 . The analysis and calculations carried out during the exploitation phase of the building confirmed the compatibility with the assumptions adopted, but the actual volume, estimated at the level of 974 MJ/m 2 proved to be very close to the limit value. Exceeding of the limit value of 1000 MJ/m 2 – due to provisions given in a state regulations - would automatically double the formal requirements for the resistance of the structural elements from R30 to R60. When assessing the real risk, especially in case of the large-surface-area buildings with varying ways of use of the premises, the average values of fire-load density may not properly reflect the real threat of fire. This is confirmed in the present facility, where in approximately 47% of the total area of the building the fire-load density doesn’t exceed 100 MJ/m 2 . Surfaces for which the fire load density exceeds 4000 MJ/m 2 (in extreme cases, it’s 5644 MJ/m 2 ) represent only about 11% of the total area. It is worth mentioning that the fire-load density exceeding 4000 MJ/m 2 due to the national regulations and codes of design would increase the criterion of structural resistance to R240. A completely separate issue is the fact that the oldest part of the building was completed in violation of some basic technical and construction requirements, so that ","PeriodicalId":15507,"journal":{"name":"Journal of civil engineering and architecture","volume":"139 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135134605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental Study on Cemented Soil in Sulfate Radical Corrosive solution","authors":"None HAN Pengju","doi":"10.17265/1934-7359/2023.08.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/1934-7359/2023.08.002","url":null,"abstract":": The cemented soil is a widely used method to stabilize the weak soil. It would be working in polluted environment, and be influenced by environmental pollution such as acid rain, seawater invasion or industrial pollution, which may lead to deterioration of the structure. In order to simulate and study the erosion effect process including as the changes of corrosive degree of surface, compression strength of cemented soil samples and SO 42-concentration of corrosive solutions, a series of tests are conducted on the cemented soil blocks cured in different concentrations of MgSO 4 , H 2 SO 4 and Na 2 SO 4 solutions. The test results show that the corrosive degree of the sample surface increases while the compression strength decreases with the increase of the corrosive solution concentration at the same erosion time, and that the corrosive degree increases with the corrosive time. The influence of inorganic compound solutions on the cemented soil follows the order of Na 2 SO 4 > MgSO 4 > H 2 SO 4 . By analyzing the mechanism, the corrosive type of H 2 SO 4 and MgSO 4 solutions to cemented soil is a composite type of resolving and crystallizing combination, and Na 2 SO 4 solution to cemented soil is a composite type of dissolving and crystallizing combination.","PeriodicalId":15507,"journal":{"name":"Journal of civil engineering and architecture","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135134604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Further Development of RWIS and Its New Potential Marketplaces in Latvia","authors":"None Boriss Jelisejevs","doi":"10.17265/1934-7359/2023.08.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/1934-7359/2023.08.005","url":null,"abstract":"In the past, development of road weather information system (RWIS) mainly reflected in gradual expansion of a network of environmemtal sensing stations (ESS) along the main roads in Latvia. Since a concept of common platform of Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) became mature and has a Pan European framework, RWIS as its integral part, got opportunities for more effective usage, but at the same time, new challenges of data accessibility and interoperability occurred. The presentation deals with ongoing projects and future vision about: how existing ESS stations should be built up to a multifunctional road, traffic and environment control points; how RWIS of different authorities and other data sources should be integrated; how to cover road network (including secondary routes) with low-cost sensors and provide proper decision-making tool for antiicing strategy and overall road management; how RWIS data can be used wider and processed for new marketplaces in Latvia.","PeriodicalId":15507,"journal":{"name":"Journal of civil engineering and architecture","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135134606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}