W Wojcik, M Olianas, M Parenti, S Gentleman, N H Neff
{"title":"A simple fluorometric method for cAMP: application to studies of brain adenylate cyclase activity.","authors":"W Wojcik, M Olianas, M Parenti, S Gentleman, N H Neff","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A simple fluorometric method for the determination of cAMP is presented. The fluorescent derivative is 1,N6-etheno cyclic 3,5-monophosphate (etheno-cAMP). Maximal formation of this derivative occurs after reacting cAMP with chloroacetaldehyde for 15 minutes at 100 degrees C. Fluorescent derivatives are also produced from compounds which contain a 6-amino purine. The specificity of the method resides in the use of a reverse phase/HPLC system. The derivatization as well as the fluorescent response of etheno-cAMP is linear between 2.5 and 700 picomoles of cAMP. Studies of brain adenylate cyclase by the fluorometric/HPLC method indicated that this method is comparable to the established radioenzymatic method. Thus, the present method provides a simple rapid nonradioactive means for the determination of adenylate cyclase activity.</p>","PeriodicalId":15497,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cyclic nucleotide research","volume":"7 1","pages":"27-35"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1981-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17327902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Theories and predictions of models describing sequential interactions between the receptor, the GTP regulatory unit, and the catalytic unit of hormone dependent adenylate cyclases.","authors":"A M Tolkovsky, A Levitzki","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15497,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cyclic nucleotide research","volume":"7 3","pages":"139-50"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1981-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17332913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
W D Lust, G K Feussner, J V Passonneau, D W McCandless
{"title":"Distribution of cyclic nucleotides in layers of the cerebellum after decapitation.","authors":"W D Lust, G K Feussner, J V Passonneau, D W McCandless","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The distribution of the cyclic nucleotides was examined in layers of the mouse cerebellum following decapitation. Cyclic AMP increased and cyclic GMP decreased in all three layers of the cerebellum examined. The increase in cyclic AMP in the granular layer was far greater than in either the molecular or white layers. In the cerebellum from control mice, the cyclic GMP concentration was highest in the molecular layer and lowest in the white layer. Even after decapitation, this cyclic GMP gradient in the cerebellum was maintained.</p>","PeriodicalId":15497,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cyclic nucleotide research","volume":"7 5","pages":"333-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1981-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17347145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Comparison of cAMP-dependent protein kinase in normal and Rous sarcoma virus transformed chick embryo fibroblasts.","authors":"J E Kudlow, R K Watson, G N Gill","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>cAMP-dependent protein kinase was compared in normal and Rous Sarcoma Virus transformed chicken embryo fibroblasts. Total cAMP binding activity and cAMP-dependent histone kinase activity were unaltered by RSV transformation. The apparent Km for activation of histone kinase activity by cAMP was 35 nM in both normal and transformed cells. Using 8-N3-cAMP photoaffinity labeling, normal and transformed cells were also found to contain equal quantities of a single 42,000 Mr regulatory sub-unit isoenzyme of A-kinase. This isoenzyme corresponded to the lower molecular weight isoenzyme of the two enzymes found in normal chicken skeletal muscle. Both avian isoenzymes were about 4,000 Mr smaller than the corresponding bovine type I and type II regulatory subunits. Rous Sarcoma Virus transformation does not directly alter the amount or activity of cAMP-dependent protein kinase.</p>","PeriodicalId":15497,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cyclic nucleotide research","volume":"7 3","pages":"151-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1981-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17332914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Cautions on the use of the heat stable inhibitor of protein kinase: studies with S49 lymphoma cells.","authors":"J R Kanter, L L Brunton","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>When crude preparations of protein kinase inhibitor (PKI) are added to homogenates of S49 lymphoma cells, protein kinase activity increases rather than decreases. This is not an increase in the activity of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase, which is completely inhibited by PKI, nor an increase in either cyclic GMP-dependent or Ca ++-dependent kinases. The increased kinase activity is not due to PKI itself but to one or more protein contaminants which serve as substrates for an S49 cell kinase which is cyclic nucleotide- and Ca ++ -independent. These contaminating substrates can be readily separated from PKI by DEAE cellulose chromatography. Although the crude PKI preparations sold by the major biochemical supply houses may be satisfactory for some purposes, we suggest that crude PKI be further purified when used to assess kinase activity in systems as complex as homogenates of whole cells. Otherwise, the presence of contaminating proteins in crude preparations of PKI can lead to erroneous conclusions about the type and quantity of protein kinase in the cell.</p>","PeriodicalId":15497,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cyclic nucleotide research","volume":"7 4","pages":"259-68"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1981-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17340211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Membrane milieu is regarded as the native environment of the cyclic AMP degrading enzyme cluster.","authors":"H Wombacher","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The phenomenon of kinetic advantage of nucleoside formation from cyclic AMP, via the intermediate 5'AMP has been observed in the microsomal fraction after subcellular fractionation of beef adrenal cortex tissue. It was explained by the existence of a multienzyme sequence previously evidenced [H. Wombacher, 1982, Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 201, 8-19]. In the present study a similar enzyme cluster was prepared from the soluble fraction of the cell homogenate after two steps of gel-chromatography. An elusive channeling of cyclic AMP degradation could be disclosed. The time course reaction of cyclic AMP degradation to the nucleosides, adenosine and inosine, via 5'AMP as an intermediate compared with the time course reaction of 5'AMP hydrolysis to the nucleosides, adenosine and inosine, under otherwise identical conditions showed that the nucleoside formation from cyclic AMP was faster after the lag phase of the reaction sequence. This kinetic advantage effect, however, was much less pronounced than to be seen in the membrane-bound multienzyme sequence. For an analysis of the influence of the environmental conditions on the activity of both enzyme cluster forms they were treated by chaotropic agents, detergents and ultrasonic power. Common to all results was: the activity of the membrane-bound enzyme cluster is highly stable in comparison with the soluble form. On basis of these and previous findings a hypothesis is suggested explaining the similarities between the membrane-bound enzyme cluster and the soluble form. Thus, the soluble enzyme cluster form is considered a partially preserved form of the membrane-bound form arisen from the cell homogenization process and/or vice versa the soluble form might present a pro-form of the membrane-bound enzyme cluster, and the most stable and active assembly has to be yet first membrane-triggered.</p>","PeriodicalId":15497,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cyclic nucleotide research","volume":"7 5","pages":"293-302"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1981-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17347142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F D Sistare, L Lichtenberg, R G Sugg, S A McFarland, C Villar-Palasi
{"title":"Effects of isoproterenol treatment of isolated perfused rat hearts on myofibrillar phosphorylation and ATPase activity.","authors":"F D Sistare, L Lichtenberg, R G Sugg, S A McFarland, C Villar-Palasi","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Perfusion of isolated rat hearts with isoproterenol resulted in increases in the level of protein-bound phosphate of the myofibrils. After perfusion of the hearts with 32P, followed by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the purified myofibrils, four major 32P-containing protein bands were identified. Most of the increased 32P incorporation produced by isoproterenol was localized on the troponin I and myosin light chain bands, and, to lesser extent, on the M-protein band. ATPase activity was tested in the purified myofibrils. No changes in Ca2+ requirement for activation were found after isoproterenol perfusion. However, maximal ATPase activity was markedly reduced in the myofibrils obtained from isoproterenol-treated hearts. It would appear that the myofibrillar protein phosphorylation induced by isoproterenol perfusion results in a decrease in actomyosin ATPase activity.</p>","PeriodicalId":15497,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cyclic nucleotide research","volume":"7 2","pages":"85-93"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1981-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17520366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E G Ezrailson, A J Garber, P J Munson, T L Swartz, L Birnbaumer, M L Entman
{"title":"[125I]iodopindolol: a new beta adrenergic receptor probe.","authors":"E G Ezrailson, A J Garber, P J Munson, T L Swartz, L Birnbaumer, M L Entman","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>When utilizing iodohydroxybenzylpindolol (IHYP) as an adrenergic receptor probe in muscle membrane systems, the data demonstrated an unacceptably high nonspecific binding component. Bearer et al. have reported that chloramine-T induced iodination of hydroxybenzylpindolol (HYP) results in the incorporation of iodine into the indole ring rather than into the phenolic moiety as noted previously by others. These results suggest that pindolol itself can also be iodinated. Therefore, the usefulness of carrier free 125I-labeled iodopindolol (IPIN) as an adrenergic receptor probe was investigated. Using between 0.01 nM and 0.1 nM [125I]IPIN in two different muscle membrane systems, we found the nonspecific binding component to be 10% or less of total binding. When [125I]IPIN was used with membranes prepared from rat skeletal muscle, we found it to interact with a single set of high affinity binding sites (KD = 0.13 +/- 0.01 nM) with the characteristics of beta adrenergic receptors and a density of 48.5 fmoles/mg protein. IPIN binding was also studied with purified dog cardiac sarcolemma. A single set of binding sites was detected having a KD of 1.64 +/- 0.5 nM; the density of these sites was 289 fmoles/mg membrane protein. [125I]IPIN may be a useful probe for the beta adrenergic receptor of tissues in which [125I]IHYP and other beta adrenergic receptor probes have a non-specific binding component which approaches that of the specific binding component.</p>","PeriodicalId":15497,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cyclic nucleotide research","volume":"7 1","pages":"13-26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1981-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17327901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Purified guanylate cyclase: characterization, iodination and preparation of monoclonal antibodies.","authors":"J A Lewicki, H J Brandwein, S A Waldman, F Murad","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Guanylate cyclase was purified from the soluble fraction of rat lung using a modification of procedures published previously. The purified enzyme exhibited specific activities, at pH 7.6, of 219-438 nmoles/mg protein/min and 34-60 nmoles/mg protein/min with Mn2+ and Mg2+ as cation cofactors, respectively. The specific activity changed as a function of the protein concentration due to a change in Vmax with no alteration of the Km for GTP. The enzyme migrated as a single band coincident wih guanylate cyclase activity on nondenaturing polyacrylamide and isoelectric focusing gels (isoelectric point = 5.9). Purified guanylate cyclase had an apparent molecular weight of 150,000 daltons as determined by gel filtration chromatography and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate revealed a single subunit of 72,000 daltons, suggesting that the enzyme is a dimer of an identical subunit. The purified enzyme could be activated by nitric oxide, indicating that this compound interacts directly with the enzyme.</p>","PeriodicalId":15497,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cyclic nucleotide research","volume":"6 4","pages":"283-96"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1980-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17178244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
W J Thompson, C P Ross, E M Hersh, P M Epstein, S J Strada
{"title":"Activation of human lymphocyte high affinity cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase by culture with 1-methyl-3-isobutylxanthine.","authors":"W J Thompson, C P Ross, E M Hersh, P M Epstein, S J Strada","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>When 1-methyl-3-isobutylxanthine (MIX), a potent inhibitor of human lymphocyte cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase in vitro, was added to intact lymphocyte cultures, MIX caused an activation of this enzyme. Activation by MIX which showed an EC50 = 0.2 mM, required 24 hr in culture, reached a maximum near 48 hr, and remained at maximum through 144 hr. The effect of MIX was to increase the maximum velocity of the 3.5-4S form but not the 5.5-6S form of the lymphocyte high affinity enzyme system. Activation required serum, occurred in calcium depleted media, and was unaffected by sodium azide, adenosine, cycliheximide, or actinomycin D. Further, the effect of MIX was not mimicked by cyclic AMP, cyclic GMP, or by a variety of cyclic nucleotide derivatives with the exception of N6-monobutyryl- and N6-2'0 dibutyryl cyclic AMP in the culture medium. No correlation was observed between the in vitro IC.50 value and the amount of intact cell activation with other phosphodiesterase inhibitors. Although MIX prevented the mitogenic response of lymphocytes to phytohemaglutinin (PHA), a synergistic effect to activate cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase was obtained when both agents were included in the culture medium. These data are discussed as an example of a novel modulation of a specific high affinity form of cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase by an apparent non-genetic regulatory mechanism.</p>","PeriodicalId":15497,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cyclic nucleotide research","volume":"6 1","pages":"25-36"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1980-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17221664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}