Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology最新文献

{"title":"Liver Transplantation Reverses Hepatic Myelopathy in the Decompensated Phase of Cirrhosis: Case Report and Literature Review.","authors":"Jiajun Li, Sile Wan, Fukai Wen, Qingyu Li, Yifeng Cui, Zhaoyang Lu, Han Lin","doi":"10.14218/JCTH.2023.00487","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14218/JCTH.2023.00487","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hepatic myelopathy (HM) is a rare neurological complication in the end stage of many liver diseases and is characterized by bilateral spastic paraparesis without sensory and sphincter dysfunction. It occurs owing to metabolic disorders and central nervous system dysfunction associated with cirrhosis. Without timely and effective clinical intervention, the prognosis of these patients is devastating. Although liver transplantation (LT) is an effective treatment for HM, the prognosis of these patients remains unsatisfactory. Early recognition and diagnosis of this disease are essential for improving patient prognosis. Here, we report a case of hepatitis B virus-associated decompensated cirrhosis with HM. The patient recovered well after LT. We also summarize the clinical characteristics and post-transplant outcomes of 25 patients with HM treated by LT through 2023, including this case.</p>","PeriodicalId":15484,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology","volume":"12 4","pages":"436-442"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11022064/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140849386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Treatment Options for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Using Immunotherapy: Present and Future.","authors":"Hongbin Wei, Chunlu Dong, Xun Li","doi":"10.14218/JCTH.2023.00462","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14218/JCTH.2023.00462","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common cancer, and the body's immune responses greatly affect its progression and the prognosis of patients. Immunological suppression and the maintenance of self-tolerance in the tumor microenvironment are essential responses, and these form part of the theoretical foundations of immunotherapy. In this review, we first discuss the tumor microenvironment of HCC, describe immunosuppression in HCC, and review the major biomarkers used to track HCC progression and response to treatment. We then examine antibody-based therapies, with a focus on immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), monoclonal antibodies that target key proteins in the immune response (programmed cell death protein 1, anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated protein 4, and programmed death-ligand 1) which have transformed the treatment of HCC and other cancers. ICIs may be used alone or in conjunction with various targeted therapies for patients with advanced HCC who are receiving first-line treatments or subsequent treatments. We also discuss the use of different cellular immunotherapies, including T cell receptor (TCR) T cell therapy and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy. We then review the use of HCC vaccines, adjuvant immunotherapy, and oncolytic virotherapy, and describe the goals of future research in the development of treatments for HCC.</p>","PeriodicalId":15484,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology","volume":"12 4","pages":"389-405"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11022065/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140850428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mortality Burden of Liver Cancer in China: An Observational Study From 2008 to 2020.","authors":"Huixin Liu, Xiaoxiao Wang, Lijun Wang, Peng Yin, Feng Liu, Lai Wei, Yu Wang, Maigeng Zhou, Jinlei Qi, Huiying Rao","doi":"10.14218/JCTH.2023.00455","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14218/JCTH.2023.00455","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aims: </strong>China accounts for nearly half of liver cancer deaths globally. A better understanding of the current liver cancer mortality will be helpful to establishing priorities for intervention and to decreasing the disease burden of liver cancer. The study aimed to explore and predict the mortality burden of liver cancer in China.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data were extracted from the Disease Surveillance Point system of the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention from 2008 to 2020. Crude and age-standardized liver cancer mortality rates were reported by sex, urban or rural residence, and region. Trends in liver cancer mortality rates from 2008 to 2020 were estimated as average annual percentage change (AAPC). The changing trend of live cancer mortality in the future is also predicted.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In 2020, the crude mortality of liver cancer was 25.57/100,000, and males and people lived in rural areas had higher age-standardized liver cancer mortality rates than females and people lived in people in urban areas. Crude mortality and age-standardized mortality rates in southwest provinces (Guangxi, Sichuan, Tibet) and in a northeast province (Heilongjiang) were higher than that in other provinces, and age-specific mortality rates increased with age. From 2008 to 2020, liver cancer mortality rates decreased, but people under 50 years of age had a higher AAPC than those over 50 years of age, possibly because of the adoption of hepatitis B virus vaccination in newborns and children. Furthermore, the mortality of liver cancer in 2021-2030 is predicted to have a downward trend.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Liver cancer mortality rates declined in China from 2008 to 2020. Future interventions to control liver cancer mortality need to focus on people of male sex, older age, and living in rural areas or less developed provinces.</p>","PeriodicalId":15484,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology","volume":"12 4","pages":"371-380"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11022066/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140865125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Changes in Gut Microbiota and Blood Lipids.","authors":"Keen Yang, Jieying Zeng, Huaiyu Wu, Huiyu Liu, Zhimin Ding, Weiyu Liang, Linghu Wu, Ziwei Lin, Wenhui Huang, Jinfeng Xu, Fajin Dong","doi":"10.14218/JCTH.2023.00199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14218/JCTH.2023.00199","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aims: </strong>The global prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is 25%. This study aimed to explore differences in the gut microbial community and blood lipids between normal livers and those affected by NAFLD using 16S ribosomal deoxyribonucleic acid sequencing.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Gut microbiome profiles of 40 NAFLD and 20 non-NAFLD controls were analyzed. Information about four blood lipids and 13 other clinical features was collected. Patients were divided into three groups by ultrasound and FibroScan, those with a normal liver, mild FL (FL1), and moderate-to-severe FL (FL2). FL1 and FL2 patients were divided into two groups, those with either hyperlipidemia or non-hyperlipidemia based on their blood lipids. Potential keystone species within the groups were identified using univariate analysis and a specificity-occupancy plot. Significant difference in biochemical parameters ion NAFLD patients and healthy individuals were identified by detrended correspondence analysis and canonical correspondence analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Decreased gut bacterial diversity was found in patients with NAFLD. <i>Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes</i> decreased as NAFLD progressed. <i>Faecalibacterium</i> and <i>Ruminococcus 2</i> were the most representative fatty-related bacteria. Glutamate pyruvic transaminase, aspartate aminotransferase, and white blood cell count were selected as the most significant biochemical indexes. Calculation of areas under the curve identified two microbiomes combined with the three biochemical indexes that identified normal liver and FL2 very well but performed poorly in diagnosing FL1.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong><i>Faecalibacterium</i> and <i>Ruminococcus 2</i>, combined with glutamate pyruvic transaminase, aspartate aminotransferase, and white blood cell count distinguished NAFLD. We speculate that regulating the health of gut microbiota may release NAFLD, in addition to providing new targets for clinicians to treat NAFLD.</p>","PeriodicalId":15484,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology","volume":"12 4","pages":"333-345"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11022063/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140849387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Progress in Biomarkers Related to Biliary Atresia.","authors":"Fanyang Kong, Rui Dong, Gong Chen, Song Sun, Yifan Yang, Jingying Jiang, Lingdu Meng, Huifen Chen, Jiajie Zhu, Shan Zheng","doi":"10.14218/JCTH.2023.00260","DOIUrl":"10.14218/JCTH.2023.00260","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Biliary atresia (BA) is a congenital cholestatic disease that can seriously damage children's liver function. It is one of the main reasons for liver transplantation in children. Early diagnosis of BA is crucial to the prognosis of patients, but there is still a lack of reliable non-invasive diagnostic methods. Additionally, as some children are in urgent need of liver transplantation, evaluating the stage of liver fibrosis and postoperative native liver survival in children with BA using a straightforward, efficient, and less traumatic method is a major focus of doctors. In recent years, an increasing number of BA-related biomarkers have been identified and have shown great potential in the following three aspects of clinical practice: diagnosis, evaluation of the stage of liver fibrosis, and prediction of native liver survival. This review focuses on the pathophysiological function and clinical application of three novel BA-related biomarkers, namely MMP-7, FGF-19, and M2BPGi. Furthermore, progress in well-known biomarkers of BA such as gamma-glutamyltransferase, circulating cytokines, and other potential biomarkers is discussed, aiming to provide a reference for clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":15484,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology","volume":"12 3","pages":"305-315"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10899875/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139998811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Serum Iron Overload Activates the SMAD Pathway and Hepcidin Expression of Hepatocytes via SMURF1.","authors":"Ning Zhang, Pengyao Yang, Yanmeng Li, Qin Ouyang, Fei Hou, Guixin Zhu, Bei Zhang, Jian Huang, Jidong Jia, Anjian Xu","doi":"10.14218/JCTH.2023.00440","DOIUrl":"10.14218/JCTH.2023.00440","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aims: </strong>Liver iron overload can induce hepatic expression of bone morphogenic protein (BMP) 6 and activate the BMP/SMAD pathway. However, serum iron overload can also activate SMAD but does not induce BMP6 expression. Therefore, the mechanisms through which serum iron overload activates the BMP/SMAD pathway remain unclear. This study aimed to clarify the role of SMURF1 in serum iron overload and the BMP/SMAD pathway.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cell model of serum iron overload was established by treating hepatocytes with 2 mg/mL of holo-transferrin (Holo-Tf). A serum iron overload mouse model and a liver iron overload mouse model were established by intraperitoneally injecting 10 mg of Holo-Tf into C57BL/6 mice and administering a high-iron diet for 1 week followed by a low-iron diet for 2 days. Western blotting and real-time PCR were performed to evaluate the activation of the BMP/SMAD pathway and the expression of hepcidin.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Holo-Tf augmented the sensitivity and responsiveness of hepatocytes to BMP6. The E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase SMURF1 mediated Holo-Tf-induced SMAD1/5 activation and hepcidin expression; specifically, SMURF1 expression dramatically decreased when the serum iron concentration was increased. Additionally, the expression of SMURF1 substrates, which are important molecules involved in the transduction of BMP/SMAD signaling, was significantly upregulated. Furthermore, <i>in vivo</i> analyses confirmed that SMURF1 specifically regulated the BMP/SMAD pathway during serum iron overload.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>SMURF1 can specifically regulate the BMP/SMAD pathway by augmenting the responsiveness of hepatocytes to BMPs during serum iron overload.</p>","PeriodicalId":15484,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology","volume":"12 3","pages":"227-235"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10899870/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139996412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Onset Time, Number, Type, and Sequence of Extrahepatic Organ Failure on Prognosis of Acute-on-chronic Liver Failure.","authors":"Shaotian Qiu, Qian Zhang, Jiaxuan Hu, Lewei Wang, Rui Chen, Yingying Cao, Fang Liu, Zhenjun Yu, Caiyan Zhao, Liaoyun Zhang, Wanhua Ren, Shaojie Xin, Yu Chen, Zhongping Duan, Tao Han","doi":"10.14218/JCTH.2023.00379","DOIUrl":"10.14218/JCTH.2023.00379","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aims: </strong>The impact of the characteristics of extrahepatic organ failure (EHOF) including the onset time, number, type, and sequence on the prognosis of acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) patients remains unknown. This study aimed to identify the association between the characteristics of EHOF and the prognosis of ACLF patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>ACLF subjects enrolled at six hospitals in China were included in the analysis. The risk of mortality based on the characteristics of EHOF was evaluated. Survival of study groups was compared by Kaplan-Meier analysis and log-rank tests.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 736 patients with ACLF were included. EHOF was observed in 402 patients (54.6%), of which 295 (73.4%) developed single EHOF (SEHOF) and 107 (26.6%) developed multiple EHOF (MEHOF). The most commonly observed EHOF was coagulation failure (47.0%), followed by renal (13.0%), brain (4.9%), respiratory (4.3%), and circulatory (2.3%) failure. Survival analysis found that MEHOF or SEHOF patients with brain failure had a worse prognosis. However, no significant outcome was found in the analysis of the effect of onset time and sequence of failed organs on prognosis. Patients were further divided into three risk subgroups by the EHOF characteristics. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that risk stratification resulted in the differentiation of patients with different risks of mortality both in the training and validation cohorts.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The mortality of ACLF patients was determined by the number and type, but not the onset time and sequence of EHOF. Risk stratification applicable to clinical practice was established.</p>","PeriodicalId":15484,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology","volume":"12 3","pages":"257-265"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10899869/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139996409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prognostic Biomarkers for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Based on Serine and Glycine Metabolism-related Genes.","authors":"Xufan Cai, Fang Xu, Zhaohong Wang, Hui Chen, Shengzhang Lin","doi":"10.14218/JCTH.2023.00457","DOIUrl":"10.14218/JCTH.2023.00457","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aims: </strong>Targeted therapy and immunotherapy have emerged as treatment options for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in recent years. The significance of serine and glycine metabolism in various cancers is widely acknowledged. This study aims to investigate their correlation with the prognosis and tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) of HCC.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Based on the public database, different subtypes were identified by cluster analysis, and the prognostic model was constructed through regression analysis. The gene expression omnibus (GEO) data set was used as the validation set to verify the performance of the model. The survival curve evaluated prognostic ability. CIBERSORT was used to evaluate the level of immune cell infiltration, and maftools analyzed the mutations. DsigDB screened small molecule compounds related to prognostic genes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>HCC was found to have two distinct subtypes. Subsequently, we constructed a risk score prognostic model through regression analysis based on serine and glycine metabolism-related genes (SGMGs). A nomogram was constructed based on risk scores and other clinical factors. HCC patients with a higher risk score showed a poor prognosis, and there were significant differences in immune cell infiltration between the high- and low-risk groups. In addition, three potential drugs associated with prognostic genes, streptozocin, norfloxacin, and hydrocotarnine, were identified.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study investigated the expression patterns of SGMGs and their relationship with tumor characteristics, resulting in the development of a novel model for predicting the prognosis of HCC patients. The study provides a reference for clinical prognosis prediction and treatment of HCC patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":15484,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology","volume":"12 3","pages":"266-277"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10899868/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139996411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Late-onset Cholestasis with Paucity of Portal Area Secondary to HNF1β Deficiency in Adulthood: A Case Report.","authors":"Xuemei Zhang, Kun Liu, Xiaona Lu, Wenlan Zheng, Jia Shi, Shihan Yu, Hai Feng, Zhuo Yu","doi":"10.14218/JCTH.2023.00464","DOIUrl":"10.14218/JCTH.2023.00464","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hepatocyte nuclear factor 1β (HNF1β) is essential for biliary development, while its genetic defect triggers the dysplasia of interlobular bile ducts, leading to life-threatening hepatitis and cholestasis. To date, this disorder has mainly been documented in neonates. Here, we report a case of cholestasis in an adult patient caused by a <i>de novo HNF1β</i> mutation. A liver biopsy revealed remarkable shrinkage of the portal area accompanied by a decrease or absence of interlobular bile ducts, veins, and arteries in the portal area. Our case showed that an <i>HNF1β</i> defect could induce late-onset cholestasis with paucity of the portal area in adulthood.</p>","PeriodicalId":15484,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology","volume":"12 3","pages":"327-331"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10899876/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139996410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Novel Algorithm for Streamlining Diagnosis of Advanced Liver Fibrosis in CHB Patients with Concurrent Hepatic Steatosis.","authors":"Xiaoming Xu, Fajuan Rui, Wenjing Ni, Chao Wu, Junping Shi, Jie Li","doi":"10.14218/JCTH.2023.00362","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14218/JCTH.2023.00362","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p></p>","PeriodicalId":15484,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology","volume":"12 2","pages":"222-226"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10851070/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139722872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}