Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology最新文献

{"title":"A Processing Algorithm to Address Real-World Data Quality Issues With Continuous Glucose Monitoring Data.","authors":"Walter Williamson, Joyce M Lee, Irina Gaynanova","doi":"10.1177/19322968251319801","DOIUrl":"10.1177/19322968251319801","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) data stored in data warehouses often include duplicated or time-shifted uploads from the same patient, compromising data quality and accuracy of resulting CGM metrics. We developed a processing algorithm to detect and resolve these errors. We validated the algorithm using two weeks of CGM data from 2038 patients with diabetes. Duplication errors were identified in 528 patients, with 25.7% showing significant differences in at least one metric (Time in Range, Coefficient of Variation, Glycemic Management Indicator, or Glycemic Episode counts) between raw and processed data. Eleven patients crossed clinically meaningful thresholds in one or more metrics after processing. Our results underscore the importance of real-world CGM data processing to maintain accurate and reliable CGM metrics for research and clinical care.</p>","PeriodicalId":15475,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology","volume":" ","pages":"19322968251319801"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11843558/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143468217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plantar Thermogram Analysis Using Deep Learning for Diabetic Foot Risk Classification.","authors":"Vipawee Panamonta, Ratanaporn Jerawatana, Prapai Ariyaprayoon, Panu Looareesuwan, Benyapa Ongphiphadhanakul, Chutintorn Sriphrapradang, Laor Chailurkit, Boonsong Ongphiphadhanakul","doi":"10.1177/19322968251316563","DOIUrl":"10.1177/19322968251316563","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>Thermography is a noninvasive method to identify patients at risk of diabetic foot ulcers. In this study, we employed thermography and deep learning to stratify patients with diabetes at risk of developing foot ulcers.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We prospectively recorded clinical data and plantar thermograms for adult patients with diabetes who underwent diabetic foot screening. A total of 153 thermal images were analyzed using a deep learning algorithm to determine the risk of diabetic foot ulcers. The neural network was trained using a balanced dataset consisting of 98 thermal images (49 normal and 49 abnormal), with 80% allocated for training and 20% for validation. The trained model was then validated on a separate testing dataset consisting of 55 thermal images (42 normal and 13 abnormal). The neural network was trained to prioritize higher sensitivity in identifying at-risk feet for screening purposes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Participants had a mean age of 63.1 ± 12.6 years (52.3% female), and 62.1% had been diagnosed with diabetes for more than 10 years. The average body mass index was 27.5 ± 5.6 kg/m². Of the thermal images, 91 were classified as category 0 and 62 as categories 1 to 3, according to the diabetic foot risk classification system of the International Working Group on the Diabetic Foot. Using five-fold cross-validation, the neural network model achieved an overall accuracy of 71.8 ± 4.9%, a sensitivity of 81.2 ± 10.0%, and a specificity of 64.0 ± 7.4%. Additionally, the Matthews correlation coefficient was 0.46 ± 0.08.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These results suggest that thermography combined with deep learning could be developed for screening purposes to stratify patients at risk of developing diabetic foot ulcers.</p>","PeriodicalId":15475,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology","volume":" ","pages":"19322968251316563"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11843557/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143468225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of the Effect of Teleconsultations, Hybrid Visits, and In-Person Visits on Glycemic and Metabolic Parameters Among Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes in India.","authors":"Anandakumar Amutha, Shyama Reji, Ramamurthy Hema Aarthi, Srinivas Keertan Rao, S Ganesan, Saravanan Jebarani, Gangadhara Praveen, Ranjit Unnikrishnan, Viswanathan Mohan, Ranjit Mohan Anjana","doi":"10.1177/19322968251319333","DOIUrl":"10.1177/19322968251319333","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>We compared biochemical and clinical data of individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D) who opted for only teleconsultation (ie, no in-person visit at all), hybrid visits (combining home blood tests and in-person consultation), and fully in-person visits (both tests and consultation in person) at a tertiary care diabetes center.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this observational cohort study, we retrieved demographic, anthropometric, and biochemical data of 8197 individuals with T2D who sought diabetes care between 2021 and 2023 (384 participants with only teleconsultations, 721 with hybrid visits, and 7092 with fully in-person visits) from the electronic medical records of a chain of tertiary diabetes care centers across India.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Individuals who opted for teleconsultation had a shorter duration of diabetes compared with those who opted for hybrid or fully in-person visits. Although participants who opted for a teleconsultation had better glycemic and lipid control at baseline, those who underwent hybrid and in-person visits showed greater improvements in fasting plasma glucose, glycated hemoglobin (A1c), and LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) during follow-up. Improvements in overall ABC target achievement (<u>A</u>1c, <u>B</u>lood pressure, and <u>L</u>DL-C) were greater in participants who had in-person visits compared with the other two groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>While teleconsultation is a useful complement to in-person visits, the latter results in better glycemic and lipid control, perhaps due to more effective engagement with the diabetes care team.</p>","PeriodicalId":15475,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology","volume":" ","pages":"19322968251319333"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11840818/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143449197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impact of Virtual Consultations on Quality of Care for Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Reham Aldakhil, Geva Greenfield, Elena Lammila-Escalera, Liliana Laranjo, Benedict W J Hayhoe, Azeem Majeed, Ana Luísa Neves","doi":"10.1177/19322968251316585","DOIUrl":"10.1177/19322968251316585","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Virtual consultations (VC) have transformed healthcare delivery, offering a convenient and effective way to manage chronic conditions such as Type 2 Diabetes (T2D). This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the impact of VC on the quality of care provided to patients with T2D, mapping it across the six domains of the US National Academy of Medicine (NAM) quality-of-care framework (ie, effectiveness, efficiency, patient-centeredness, timeliness, safety, and equity).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic search was conducted in PubMed/MEDLINE, Cochrane, Embase, CINAHL, and Web of Science for the period between January 2010 and December 2024. Eligible studies involved adult T2D patients, evaluated synchronous VCs, and reported outcomes relevant to NAM quality domains. Two independent reviewers performed screening, and studies were assessed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT). A narrative synthesis was conducted for each quality domain, and a meta-analysis of HbA1c levels was performed using random-effects models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, 15 studies involving 821 014 participants were included. VCs were comparable with face-to-face care in effectiveness, efficiency, patient-centeredness, and timeliness, with improvements in accessibility and patient satisfaction. Mixed results were found for safety due to limitations in physical assessments, and for equity, with older adults and those with lower digital literacy facing more challenges. The meta-analysis showed no significant difference in HbA1c reduction between VCs and face-to-face (standardized mean difference [SMD] = -0.31, 95% confidence interval [CI]: -0.71 to 0.09, <i>P</i> = 0.12).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>VCs offer a promising alternative to in-person care, but addressing digital disparities and improving access for older adults are essential for maximizing VC potential.</p>","PeriodicalId":15475,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology","volume":" ","pages":"19322968251316585"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11833803/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143441092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Artificial Intelligence for Diabetic Foot Screening Based on Digital Image Analysis: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Ni Kadek Indah Sunar Anggreni, Heri Kristianto, Dian Handayani, Yuyun Yueniwati, Paulus Lucky Tirma Irawan, Rulli Rosandi, Rinik Eko Kapti, Avief Destian Purnama","doi":"10.1177/19322968251317521","DOIUrl":"10.1177/19322968251317521","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Early detection of diabetic foot complications is essential for effective management and prevention of complications. Artificial intelligence (AI) technology based on digital image analysis offers a promising noninvasive method for diabetic foot screening. This systematic review aims to identify a study on the development of an AI model for diabetic foot screening using digital image analysis.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>The review scrutinized articles published between 2018 and 2023, sourced from PubMed, ProQuest, and ScienceDirect. The keyword-based search resulted in 2214 relevant articles and nine articles that met the inclusion criteria. The article quality assessment was done through Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (QUADAS). Data were extracted and analyzed using NVivo.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Thermal imagery or foot thermogram was the main data source, with plantar temperature distribution patterns as an important indicator. Deep learning methods, specifically artificial neural networks (ANNs) and convolutional neural networks (CNNs), are the most commonly used methods. The highest performance is demonstrated by the ANN model with MATLAB's Image Processing Toolbox that is able to classify each type of macula with 97.5% accuracy. The findings show the great potential of AI in improving the accuracy and efficiency of diabetic foot screening.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This research provides important insights into the development of AI in digital image-based diabetic foot screening. Future studies need to focus on evaluating clinical applicability, including ethical aspects and patient data security, as well as developing more comprehensive data sets.</p>","PeriodicalId":15475,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology","volume":" ","pages":"19322968251317521"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11833800/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143441082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Relationship Between the Percent Coefficient of Variation of Sensor Glucose Levels and the Risk of Severe Hypoglycemia or Non-Severe Hypoglycemia in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes: Post Hoc Analysis of the ISCHIA Study.","authors":"Takashi Murata, Munehide Matsuhisa, Akio Kuroda, Masao Toyoda, Yushi Hirota, Masahito Ogura, Shota Suzuki, Ken Kato, Atsuhito Tone, Yuka Matoba, Shu Meguro, Junnosuke Miura, Kunihiro Nishimura, Akira Shimada, Kiminori Hosoda, Naoki Sakane","doi":"10.1177/19322968251318756","DOIUrl":"10.1177/19322968251318756","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The relationship between the percent coefficient of variation (%CV) and the risk of severe hypoglycemia (SH) or non-severe hypoglycemia (NSH) in patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) remains to be elucidated.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The Effect of Intermittent-Scanning Continuous Glucose Monitoring to Glycemic Control Including Hypoglycemia and Quality of Life of Patients with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (ISCHIA) study was a crossover, randomized, controlled trial for hypoglycemia prevention in patients with T1D using multiple daily injections (MDIs). Blinded continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) data of 93 patients obtained during the Control period (84 days) were used for the post hoc analysis. The receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves were analyzed to determine the discrimination thresholds of %CV corresponding to the low blood glucose index (LBGI) > 5 and LBGI ≥ 2.5, and the occurrence of SH.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The %CV corresponding to LBGI > 5 and LBGI ≥ 2.5 was 42.2% and 37.0%, respectively. The episodes of SH were observed in three patients, and the %CV corresponding to the occurrence of SH was 40.7%.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The identification of the discrimination threshold of %CV associated with the risk of SH or NSH in patients with T1D is needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":15475,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology","volume":" ","pages":"19322968251318756"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11833795/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143441095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Continuous and Flash Glucose Monitoring in Adults at Risk of Type 2 Diabetes: A Scoping Review.","authors":"Prince Amoh, David Broom, Ioannis Kyrou, Samuel Nartey, Anna Paul, Dale Esliger, Maxine Whelan","doi":"10.1177/19322968251315497","DOIUrl":"10.1177/19322968251315497","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) and flash glucose monitoring (FGM) are widely used in diabetes management and increasingly being considered for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) prevention. This scoping review aims to summarize the literature published to date on CGM and FGM use in adults at risk of T2DM.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic search of four databases (CINAHL, PsycINFO, MEDLINE, Cochrane Library) was conducted, covering studies from 1985 to 2024. Eligible studies used CGM or FGM in interventional settings targeting adults at risk of T2DM. Rayyan software facilitated article screening, and the Johns Hopkins Evidence-Based Practice tool assessed study quality.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>From 13 644 articles, 12 studies were included, reporting on 1144 participants (353 at-risk, mean age 47 ± 12.8 years) across eight countries. Ten studies employed FGM, focusing on health-related behaviors (diet, physical activity, or both). Significant improvements in glucose control and anthropometrics were reported in 75% and 50% of the studies, respectively, along with reductions in glycated hemoglobin, fasting glucose, and insulin resistance. Seven studies used qualitative methods, with recurrent themes including perceived benefits and motivators for behavior change and acceptability and feasibility of device use. Three studies were rated as \"high\" level and scored a \"B\" for evidence quality, while the remaining studies were lower for both level and evidence quality.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Existing published studies deploying glucose monitoring technologies show promise in supporting interventions aimed at preventing T2DM in at-risk adults. Further robust studies are required to confirm the long-term acceptability and efficacy of these technologies.</p>","PeriodicalId":15475,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology","volume":" ","pages":"19322968251315497"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11833802/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143441084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Progression of Diabetic Retinopathy After Initiation of Automated Insulin Delivery System in Adults With Type 1 Diabetes.","authors":"Kagan E Karakus, Halis K Akturk, Janet K Snell-Bergeon, Viral N Shah","doi":"10.1177/19322968251318740","DOIUrl":"10.1177/19322968251318740","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>To evaluate the progression of diabetic retinopathy (DR) after the initiation of automated insulin delivery (AID) systems in adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this longitudinal study with 152 adults, retinal exams and clinical variables were collected before and after AID initiation up to 2.7 years. The DR worsening was defined as an increase in Early Treatment of Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) scores or qualitative retinal exam.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 152 adults with mean age of 42 years (57% female), 26 years of T1D duration, and mean baseline HbA_1c of 7.6% (60 mmol/mol) were included in this analysis. Of 152 adults with T1D, 42 (28%) adults had DR worsening after AID initiation. After adjusting for age, diabetes duration, and sex, baseline HbA_1c (odds ratio [OR] = 2.1 [1.34-3.04]) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) >100 mg/dL with HbA_1c >8% (OR = 3.33 [1.12-9.91]) were associated with two- and three-fold increased risk for DR worsening, respectively. The decline of HbA_1c with AID initiation between DR worsening and no-DR worsening groups was not significant (-0.38 ± 1.2% vs -0.47 ± 0.9%; <i>P</i> = .6).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Higher baseline HbA_1c with LDL-C >100 mg/dL may be associated with DR worsening after initiation of AID systems in T1D. Those with elevated HbA_1c should get periodic ophthalmic examination after AID initiation to detect progression of DR. Prompt diagnosis may result in timely treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":15475,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology","volume":" ","pages":"19322968251318740"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11831613/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143414399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Prevalence and Predictors of Improper Sharps Collection Practices Among People With Diabetes in Saudi Arabia.","authors":"Mohammed E Al-Sofiani, Ghadah Alsuwailem, Maee Barakeh, Ghaida Almarshoud, Alia Zawawi, Rawan Bakader","doi":"10.1177/19322968251318747","DOIUrl":"10.1177/19322968251318747","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Diabetes treatment requires the use of medical sharps for glycemic control. Improper sharps collection and disposal poses substantial threats to people with diabetes (PWD), health care professionals, the environment, and public health.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To identify the prevalence and predictors of improper sharps collection practices among PWD in Saudi Arabia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We surveyed 288 PWD at King Saud University Diabetes Center in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, from September to October 2021. We asked questions about demographics, diabetes history, sharps collection practices, and prior education on proper sharps collection practices. We defined \"proper sharps collection\" as: using a designated sharps disposal container or homemade sealed container to collect sharps.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the PWD surveyed, 60% were women, 54% were ≥35 years old, and 53% had type 1 diabetes. Most respondents (80% and 72%) reported improper collection of needles and lancets, respectively. Approximately, 56% of needle users and 61% of lancet users reported that they had never received instructions on safe sharps disposal. Receiving education on safe sharps disposal practices was associated with a 66% reduction in the risk of improper sharps collection practices (odds ratio (OR) [95% confidence interval (CI)]: 0.34 [0.16-0.68]) after adjusting for age, gender, type and duration of diabetes, income, education, and nationality of the study participants. Among those who improperly dispose their needles, 67% thought their sharps collection practices were appropriate.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings highlight the high prevalence of unsafe sharps collection practices among PWD in Saudi Arabia, and how prior education on safe sharps collection practices can help address this environmental and public health threat. Policies to reduce diabetes-related waste, unify the approach to proper sharps collection and disposal, and promote safe disposal education are needed to achieve a sustainable and safe waste management system.</p>","PeriodicalId":15475,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology","volume":" ","pages":"19322968251318747"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11830154/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143425487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Accuracy of Continuous Glucose Monitoring in People With Type 1 Diabetes Receiving Hemodialysis in Hospital.","authors":"Ray Wang, Mervyn Kyi, Brintha Krishnamoorthi, Ailie Connell, Cherie Chiang, Debra Renouf, Rahul Barmanray, Karen Dwyer, Spiros Fourlanos","doi":"10.1177/19322968251318758","DOIUrl":"10.1177/19322968251318758","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15475,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology","volume":" ","pages":"19322968251318758"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11830158/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143414397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}