Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology最新文献

{"title":"Glycemic Fluctuations in Healthy Pediatric Residents During 24-Hr Emergency Shifts: A Hidden Metabolic Risk for Health Care Workers.","authors":"Anastasia Proimou, Georgia Sotiriou, Paraskevi Panagopoulou, Zoi Tsimtsiou, Athanasios Christoforidis","doi":"10.1177/19322968251352554","DOIUrl":"10.1177/19322968251352554","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15475,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology","volume":" ","pages":"19322968251352554"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12206223/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144528211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Observational Study of the Impact of Infusion Set Replacement in Insulin Pump Users on Glycemic Management.","authors":"Kai Yoshimura, Shin Urai, Kaori Hozumi, Mei Nakatsuji, Shuichiro Saito, Seiji Nishikage, Akane Yamamoto, Tomofumi Takayoshi, Wataru Ogawa, Yushi Hirota","doi":"10.1177/19322968251345837","DOIUrl":"10.1177/19322968251345837","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Although several studies have evaluated the impact of prolonged infusion set use in insulin pump users on glycemic management with the use of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM), real-world assessments without intervention have been unavailable.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective observational study recruited individuals with type 1 diabetes who received insulin pump therapy with real-time CGM. Insulin pump and CGM logs were extracted from the Medtronic CareLink system, and a dataset was constructed programmatically, counting tracking days from infusion set replacement every 24 hours up to day 4. The primary outcome was mean sensor glucose (SG) level, and the impact of infusion set usage duration on glycemic management was assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study enrolled 45 individuals with a median age of 40 (interquartile range = 32-51) years and median body mass index of 22.5 (21.2-23.8) kg/m². Mean SG was significantly higher on day 4 (median of 151.9 [136.5-173.7] mg/dL) than on day 2 (144.4 [124.0-162.9] mg/dL, <i>P</i> = .024). Similarly, time above range (TAR), time in range (TIR), and time in tight range (TITR) had worsened on day 4 compared with day 2. The TAR increased from a median of 22.0% (7.3%-35.8%) on day 2 to 27.6% (17.7%-44.9%) on day 4, whereas TIR decreased from 74.2% (59.9%-87.1%) to 66.5% (52.0%-79.8%) and TITR decreased from 47.6% (37.1%-67.5%) to 42.2% (34.6%-54.1%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our evaluation of the real-world impact of prolonged infusion set use revealed an association between longer use and worsening of glycemic management.</p>","PeriodicalId":15475,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology","volume":" ","pages":"19322968251345837"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12206229/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144528212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing Mobile App Adoption for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Medication Adherence and Self-Management: A Grounded Theory Study.","authors":"Cheng Jun Chong, Mohd Makmor-Bakry, Ernieda Hatah, Nor Asyikin Mohd Tahir, Norlaila Mustafa, Francis R Capule, Andi Hermansyah","doi":"10.1177/19322968251349851","DOIUrl":"10.1177/19322968251349851","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Digital app interventions have been shown to enhance medication adherence and self-management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), leading to improved glycemic outcomes. Despite the availability and ease of access to these apps, the adoption remains low. Therefore, this study aimed to explore strategies to increase the adoption of mobile apps for medication adherence and T2DM self-management.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study employed a constructivist grounded theory approach. Data were collected through 30 semi-structured in-depth interviews and then analyzed using thematic analysis to identify the strategies.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The developed model highlighted five key dimensions: technological, economic, social, behavioral, and environmental strategies. Technological strategies discussed user interface and user experience. Economic strategies stressed the importance of financial support. Meanwhile, social strategies focused on social support and partnership. Behavioral strategies emphasized motivation. Environmental strategies included marketing, patient education, health care professionals' roles, supportive assistance, policy, and evidence-based approach.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study offers actionable insights and a blueprint to increase the adoption of mobile apps for T2DM medication adherence and self-management, which requires the collective and collaborative efforts from different stakeholders. Nevertheless, the self-efficacy of patients remains low, justifying the need for further patient education and empowerment.</p>","PeriodicalId":15475,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology","volume":" ","pages":"19322968251349851"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12182558/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144340161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Direct-to-Consumer Testing: Relevance for Diabetes Therapy.","authors":"Malte Jacobsen, Lutz Heinemann","doi":"10.1177/19322968251347970","DOIUrl":"10.1177/19322968251347970","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The performance of laboratory measurements by the people with diabetes (PwD) themselves (\"direct-to-consumer testing\"; DTCT) is conceptually not new for diabetology. The number of parameters for which such tests are available might increase in the next years, ie, it might go beyond glucose and glycated hemoglobin (HbA_1c). One has to consider several pro and con arguments for DTCT. Appropriate training of the users is a key issue for the meaningful usage of DTCT. Artificial intelligence (AI) might change the way the results of such tests might be used in daily life for the optimization of diabetes therapy. The decision to what extent DTCT will be used will not be made by the health care professional (HCP) but by the PwD themselves. If they see a relevant advantage for themselves in DTCT, this option will become popular.</p>","PeriodicalId":15475,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology","volume":" ","pages":"19322968251347970"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12151999/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144258123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Continuous Glucose Monitoring in the Intensive Care Unit: A Multicenter, Retrospective Hospital-Based Analysis.","authors":"Eileen R Faulds, Joi C Hester, Yasaman Badakhshi, Joshua D Miller, Rosalind C Basil, Suvrat Chandra, Albert S Chang, Marlene Garcia, Laureen Jones, Katiria A Pintor, Andrew Boutsicaris, Danielle J Kelly, Jillian Pattison, Nihaal Reddy, Rohan Shah, Matthew Exline, Georgia Davis, Francisco J Pasquel, Kathleen M Dungan","doi":"10.1177/19322968251343108","DOIUrl":"10.1177/19322968251343108","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>There is limited experience with continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) in intensive care units (ICUs). This study examined CGM accuracy and changes during hemodynamic instability in ICU patients with COVID-19.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We pooled data from three ICUs using CGM within a hybrid protocol combining point-of-care (POC) blood glucose testing with intermittent nonadjunctive CGM use. We compared sensor-meter agreement during lowest oxygen saturation, arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PaO₂), pH, or mean arterial pressure (MAP). Linear mixed models (LMM) were used to estimate the effects of clinical condition on estimates of sensor accuracy.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>Of 169 patients, >80% had a history of diabetes, mean age was 61 ± 12 years, and 82%, 93%, and 62% received corticosteroids, mechanical ventilation and vasopressors respectively. The median percent CGM time in range (TIR, 70-180 mg/dL) was 72% (64.9-81.4), 70% (54.0-76.9), and 46% (26.6-68.5) for hospitals A, B, and C. Median time below 70 mg/dL was <0.1% for all hospitals. The absolute relative difference between CGM and POC pairs did not correlate with the lowest PaO₂, oxygen saturation, pH, or mean arterial pressure. In LMM adjusting for within subject and between subject variability, patients on dialysis had higher mean absolute relative difference (MARD, [coefficient = 2.39, <i>P</i> = .05]), while patients on mechanical ventilation had lower MARD ventilation (coefficient = -4.33, <i>P</i> = .05). Of the <i>6783</i> pairs 97.3% fell within Clare zones A and B.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These preliminary findings suggest CGM use does not appear to be significantly affected during critical illness. Confirmatory accuracy studies are needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":15475,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology","volume":" ","pages":"19322968251343108"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12152008/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144258122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Disparities in Time to Technology Initiation in the Year Following Diagnosis of Type 1 Diabetes among Youth: A Retrospective Cohort Study.","authors":"Elise Tremblay, Lori Laffel","doi":"10.1177/19322968251345836","DOIUrl":"10.1177/19322968251345836","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Despite rapidly evolving diabetes technology and evidence that early access to technologies improves outcomes, there is disparate use based on socio-demographic factors. We sought to characterize technology uptake in the year following diagnosis of type 1 diabetes in youth based on race/ethnicity, insurance, and household structure.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 692 youth diagnosed with and treated for type 1 diabetes between 2016 and 2020 at a children's hospital. Medical record review provided outcomes of interest, including time to initiation of continuous glucose monitors (CGMs), insulin pump therapy, or both. We used cumulative incidence curves and competing risks regression to compare time to initiation by socio-demographic groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were 692 youth, 59% male, diagnosed at a mean age of 10.8 (±4.2) years, in the sample. The majority (83.2%) were White, English-speaking (94.4%), and privately insured (76.7%), with 71.7% living in two-parent households. Cumulative incidence curves and competing risks regression showed that publicly insured youth had a lower likelihood of starting diabetes technologies in the year following diagnosis than privately insured youth. Black and Hispanic youth were less likely than white youth to start CGM and insulin pumps. Youth from non-intact households similarly exhibited lower rates of technology uptake. Hazard ratios for time to both technologies were comparable to those for time to insulin pump.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings highlight the importance of developing interventions to advance diabetes technology use from onset of type 1 diabetes for all youth.</p>","PeriodicalId":15475,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology","volume":" ","pages":"19322968251345836"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12149155/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144248161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multicenter Evaluation of a New Strip-Based Blood Glucose System for Point-of-Care Testing in Critical and Non-Critical Care Settings.","authors":"Michael Goodman, Sven Bercker, Nancy Breitenbeck, Cristina Canada-Vilalta, Daisy D Canepa, William A Clarke, Christopher W Farnsworth, Edward O Ganser, Nienke Geerts, Barbara Goldsmith, Gary Headden, Debra Hoppensteadt, Birgit Klapperich, Ryan Matika, Gabrielle Miles, Sagori Mukhopadhyay, James H Nichols, Rebecca M O'Dell, Zubaid Rafique, Andre Schuetzenmeister, Robbert Slingerland, Ann F Stankiewicz, Jonathan R Swanson, Nam K Tran, Alan H B Wu, Brad S Karon","doi":"10.1177/19322968251325873","DOIUrl":"10.1177/19322968251325873","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Evaluation of the performance of Cobas^® Pulse (Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Mannheim, Germany), a new blood glucose (BG) monitoring system (BGMS; referred to here as BGMSA) intended for point-of-care testing using samples from patients in diverse clinical settings by intended point-of-care test operators.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Arterial, capillary, venous, or heel stick whole blood (WB) samples from patients in non-critical and critical care settings were collected and analyzed using BGMSA and the Nova StatStrip^® BGMS (Nova Biomedical, Waltham, MA; referred to here as BGMSB), and a hexokinase comparator (Cobas 6000 Analyzer Series; Roche Diagnostics GmbH). The blood glucose measurement accuracy was assessed by the Food and Drug Administration guidance criteria.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Two studies are presented. In the first, 2678 samples (622 arterial, 706 capillary, 1203 venous, 147 heel stick) were collected from 1577 patients in 14 US and three European sites. All accuracy criteria were met for arterial and venous samples considering all data combined. BGMSA showed better accuracy than BGMSB for arterial, venous, and heel stick, and similar results to BGMSB for capillary WB vs venous comparator. No endogenous interference from pO₂, hematocrit, and sodium was identified. BGMSA was also accurate when analyzing contrived samples used to show accuracy over a wide range of glucose concentrations, alone and when combined with extreme hematocrit. In the second study, 117 capillary fingerstick samples collected at one US site were measured on both BGMSA and the comparator, and all accuracy criteria were met. No clinically significant medical risks were observed via Diabetes Technology Society Error Grids.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>BGMSA was effective for determining blood glucose in venous, arterial, neonatal arterial, neonatal heel stick, and capillary WB samples.</p>","PeriodicalId":15475,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology","volume":" ","pages":"19322968251325873"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12126472/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144191796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Potential Interference Caused by Endogenous Substances, Drugs, and Variations of Blood Sample Properties and Environmental Conditions, With Blood Glucose Concentrations Measured With a New Strip-Based Blood Glucose Monitoring System.","authors":"Michael Marquant, Simon Gessler, Michael Diechtierow, Julia Gerber, Zekiye Adar Née Oeztuerk","doi":"10.1177/19322968251319344","DOIUrl":"10.1177/19322968251319344","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Point-of-care (POC) strip-based blood glucose monitoring systems (BGMSs) used by health care professionals must be more robust than those used for patient self-testing, due to a higher likelihood of BG interferents present in the blood of hospitalized patients. The Cobas® Pulse system (Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Mannheim, Germany) is a novel strip-based POC BGMS designed for multiple patient use in professional health care environments. We report a series of experiments evaluating the effects of several potential interferents, and of extreme conditions, on the BGMS's performance.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Blood samples were spiked with glucose and various potential interferents or tested at extreme environmental conditions. Studies were performed using three lots of Cobas glucose test strips (Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Mannheim, Germany). Interference results over all test strip lots are expressed as the absolute or relative mean bias between test and control.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared with control, the mean absolute or relative bias did not exceed ±10 mg/dL or ±10% for any endogenous substance or drug tested, any combination of hematocrit level or glucose concentration over the ranges tested, or any test at altitudes up to 4300 m above sea level, with any of the three test strip lots. Varying oxygen concentrations (partial pressure) in a blood sample did not affect glucose measurements. All interference results were within the specified accuracy limits. Contamination of blood samples with skin disinfectants, extreme levels of ascorbic acid, or hematocrit levels outside the claimed range did not cause wrong test results.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>POC BGMS performance was not altered by interfering substances after a rigorous evaluation under a wide range of conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":15475,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology","volume":" ","pages":"19322968251319344"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12126466/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144191795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Automated Insulin Delivery Using Hybrid Closed Loops in the Preconception, Peripartum and Postnatal Periods for Women With Type 1 Diabetes.","authors":"Cathy Jones, Amy E Morrison, Grace Grudgings, Sarah Evans, Malak Hamza, Sheena Thayyil, Jolyon Dales, Harriet Morgan, Ian Lawrence, Helena Maybury, Pratik Choudhary, Claire L Meek","doi":"10.1177/19322968251338863","DOIUrl":"10.1177/19322968251338863","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Hybrid closed loop (HCL) technology is now standard of care for women with type 1 diabetes in pregnancy in the United Kingdom, but there is minimal evidence to guide HCL use in the preconception period, peripartum, and postnatally. We used real-world data to assess whether HCL use offered benefits upon glycemia in the preconception, peripartum, and postnatal periods.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This single-center retrospective observational study assesses the effect of HCL use upon HbA1c and continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) metrics, including time-in-range (TIR; 3.9-10.0 mmol/L; 72-180 mg/dL) or pregnancy time-in-range (TIRp; 3.5-7.8 mmol/L; 63-140 mg/dL) before (n = 46), during (n = 21), and after (n = 25) pregnancy. Data (mean (SD)) were analyzed using paired <i>t</i> tests (limit <i>P</i> < .05).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Preconception initiation of HCL was associated with a reduction of HbA1c from 62.4 (14.0) to 54.2 (7.7) mmol/mol at three to six months (7.9 (1.3) to 7.1 (0.7) %; <i>P</i> < .0001). The TIR increased from 49% at baseline to 65% at one week (<i>P</i> < .001) and 72% at six months (<i>P</i> < .001) after initiation. Time-below-range (TBR) fell from 3.2% at baseline to 2.1% at one week (<i>P</i> = .006) and 2.1% at three months (<i>P</i> = .042). Pregnancy initiation of HCL was associated with a reduction of HbA1c from 61.2 (14.6) to 48.1 (8.6) mmol/mol at three months (n = 36; <i>P</i> < .0001) and increased TIRp (37% baseline to 57% after one week; <i>P</i> < .0001). Patients using HCL postnatally at one month had TIR 70% and TBR 1.8%.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>When started preconception or in pregnancy, HCL significantly reduces HbA1c at three months and improves TIR by 15% to 20% within one week.</p>","PeriodicalId":15475,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology","volume":" ","pages":"19322968251338863"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12119519/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144159072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"One Size Does Not Fit All: The Need for Sex-Specific Precision Medicine in Diabetes Technology.","authors":"Stefanie Hossmann, Susanne Tan, Julia K Mader, David C Klonoff, Dawn Adams, Hanne Ballhausen, Lia Bally, Maria L Balmer, Vincent Braunack-Mayer, Anne Bonhoure, David Burren, Charlotte K Boughton, Deniz Cengiz, Claudia Eberle, Chiara Fabris, Maya Friedman, Elke Fröhlich-Reiterer, Tim Gunn, Olga Gusyatiner, Theresa Hastings, Valentina V Huwiler, Saira Khan-Gallo, Carol J Levy, Othmar Moser, Aisling Ann O'Kane, Cameron Keighron, Nick Oliver, Temiloluwa Prioleau, Tanja Thybo, Jane Yardley, Thomas Zueger, Gabriele Faber-Heinemann, Lutz Heinemann, Martina Rothenbühler","doi":"10.1177/19322968251340673","DOIUrl":"10.1177/19322968251340673","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Incorporating sex-specific factors in diabetes research and treatment is essential for advancing precision medicine. There are critical gaps in understanding and applying sex-related differences. Female-specific diabetes pathophysiology manifests in three major areas: life cycle phases (including puberty, pregnancy, and menopause), lifestyle factors (such as responses to nutrition and physical activity), and insulin pharmacology. These elements significantly affect insulin sensitivity and glycemic control in women, yet are frequently underrepresented or ignored in both research and clinical practice. Greater research and clinical focus across these domains is needed to better understand and address sex-based differences in diabetes. Identifying and filling evidence gaps will support more systematic and effective care.</p>","PeriodicalId":15475,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology","volume":" ","pages":"19322968251340673"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12104206/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144142748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}