{"title":"Parametric optimization of stored energy in robots with regenerative drive systems","authors":"Poya Khalaf, H. Richter","doi":"10.1109/AIM.2016.7576970","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/AIM.2016.7576970","url":null,"abstract":"The paper formulates and solves the problem of finding a set of physical (design) parameters that maximize stored energy in electromechanical robots with regenerative drive systems. The robot is assumed to include semi-active and fully-active joints. Semi-active joints exchange power only with the robot, and are assumed to use (ultra)capacitors for storage. Fully-active joints are conventional in the sense that external power is used for actuation. The semi-active joints are controlled for trajectory tracking by a previously-published virtual control strategy whereby a control law is first designed and then implemented via a virtual matching law. A set of reference trajectories and a virtual controller capable of achieving asymptotic tracking are assumed as given. Equations are derived for the energy stored in the ultracapacitors of the semi-active joints in terms of manipulator parameters. The paper obtains closed-form solutions for the maximizing parameters. It is shown that a unique solution always exists and that it corresponds to a unique global maximum for the stored energy between any two times. A numerical example with a double inverted pendulum and cart system with semi-active and fully-active joints demonstrates the results.","PeriodicalId":154457,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE International Conference on Advanced Intelligent Mechatronics (AIM)","volume":"78 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134638994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A fully actuated quadrotor UAV with a propeller tilting mechanism: Modeling and control","authors":"M. Odelga, P. Stegagno, H. Bülthoff","doi":"10.1109/AIM.2016.7576784","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/AIM.2016.7576784","url":null,"abstract":"Equipped with four actuators, quadrotor Unmanned Aerial Vehicles belong to the family of underactuated systems. The lateral motion of such platforms is strongly coupled with their orientation and consequently it is not possible to track an arbitrary 6D trajectory in space. In this paper, we propose a novel quadrotor design in which the tilt angles of the propellers with respect to the quadrotor body are being simultaneously controlled with two additional actuators by employing the parallelogram principle. Since the velocity of the controlled tilt angles of the propellers does not appear directly in the derived dynamic model, the system cannot be static feedback linearized. Nevertheless, the system is linearizable at a higher differential order, leading to a dynamic feedback linearization controller. Simulations confirm the theoretical findings, highlighting the improved motion capabilities with respect to standard quadrotors.","PeriodicalId":154457,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE International Conference on Advanced Intelligent Mechatronics (AIM)","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123032215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Experimental studies on Q filter design of a disturbance observer for a one-wheel robot","authors":"Sangdeok Lee, Seul Jung","doi":"10.1109/AIM.2016.7576858","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/AIM.2016.7576858","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, experimental studies on designing Q filters in the disturbance observer (DOB) based motion control for balancing a one-wheel robot are presented. The robot is simply modeled as a second order system and the corresponding Q filters are designed to form a DOB control structure. Two Q-filters such as Q20 and Q31 are investigated and analyzed in a view point of disturbance rejection performance and sensor noise immunity. The performances of two Q filters are evaluated by realizing a DOB in the digital system for controlling the balance of a single-wheel mobile robot.","PeriodicalId":154457,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE International Conference on Advanced Intelligent Mechatronics (AIM)","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121206520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Grasping of unknown objects on a planar surface using a single depth image","authors":"T. Suzuki, Tetsushi Oka","doi":"10.1109/AIM.2016.7576829","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/AIM.2016.7576829","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, we present a novel method for grasping of an unknown object on a planar surface. Given a single depth image, the planar surface and the object are extracted by employing Random Sample Consensus. Then, the principal axis of the object is approximated by means of Principal Component Analysis. The gripper of a robotic arm approaches the object in a perpendicular direction to the plane, and grasps it in an orientation determined by the normal of the plane and the obtained principal axis of the object. In this method, no 3D shape model or off-line learning is required. In order to demonstrate the efficacy of our method, we developed a grasping system using a real robotic arm and an inexpensive depth camera. The system had a 100% success rate when grasping 18 unknown household objects including a marker pen, a pencil, an eraser, a tennis ball, a Rubik's Cube, a T-shirt and a AAA battery. The results of this study imply that the system can grasp a wide range of unknown household objects and that our method is valuable for grasping of objects on a planar surface.","PeriodicalId":154457,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE International Conference on Advanced Intelligent Mechatronics (AIM)","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128670499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Development of low-cost wire type linear potentiometer for flexible spherical actuator","authors":"Y. Matsui, T. Akagi, S. Dohta","doi":"10.1109/AIM.2016.7576903","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/AIM.2016.7576903","url":null,"abstract":"The rehabilitation devices help the elderly who was injured temporally to recover their physical ability for keeping Quality of Life (QOL). This study aims at developing a potable rehabilitation device which can be safe to use while holding it with human hands. In the previous study, the novel flexible pneumatic cylinder that can be used even if it is deformed has been developed. The flexible spherical actuator using two ring-shaped flexible pneumatic cylinders was proposed and tested as a portable rehabilitation device. The attitude control system using a tiny embedded controller, four small-sized quasi-servo valves and two accelerometers was also proposed and constructed. In the next step, it is necessary to recognize the relative position between both stages to prevent both hands to contact each other for safety. In this paper, two types of flexible displacement sensors were proposed and tested. One is a flexible pneumatic cylinder with wire-type linear encoder. Another is the cylinder with a wire-type linear potentiometer. In both sensors, the compact sealing mechanism in the cylinder was also proposed. In addition, the measuring system for the linear encoder and the position control system using the flexible pneumatic cylinder with built-in flexible displacement sensor using embedded controllers were proposed and tested. As a result, it is confirmed that the tested sensor can measure the displacement of the flexible cylinder and the position control using the cylinder with built-in sensor can be realized.","PeriodicalId":154457,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE International Conference on Advanced Intelligent Mechatronics (AIM)","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115431909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Richter, Fabian Zeil, D. Walser, K. Schneider, O. Sawodny
{"title":"Modeling offshore ropes for deepwater lifting applications","authors":"M. Richter, Fabian Zeil, D. Walser, K. Schneider, O. Sawodny","doi":"10.1109/AIM.2016.7576937","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/AIM.2016.7576937","url":null,"abstract":"Deepwater lifting applications are becoming increasingly important for the oil and gas industry. The dynamic response of the lifting system, i.e. the rope and the attached payload, to the wave-induced motion of the crane tip is of great interest for subsea lifts in order to guarantee safety. In this paper, a nonlinear discrete model of the lifting system is presented, where nonlinear drag forces, structural rope damping and snap loads are considered. The linearized version of this model is validated against a linear continuous model with respect to its static elongation, the natural frequencies and the motion transfer function, where the linear models are obtained by equivalent linearization. Furthermore, motion transfer functions for different rope lengths are used for frequency-domain analysis. Also, time-domain simulations are performed to analyze the lifting system in case of wave excitation and slack rope situations.","PeriodicalId":154457,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE International Conference on Advanced Intelligent Mechatronics (AIM)","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115103483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A nonlinear complementary filter for attitude estimation with dynamics compensation of MARG sensor","authors":"Ken Masuya, T. Sugihara","doi":"10.1109/AIM.2016.7576896","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/AIM.2016.7576896","url":null,"abstract":"A novel complementary filter for three-dimensional (3D) attitude estimation is proposed. In order to deals with the nonlinearity of 3D attitude, the conventional complementary filter integrated the measured angular velocity corrected by the vector measurement, but it ignored the sensor dynamics which causes the lag. Authors' previous work compensated the sensor dynamics based on the idea that it can be divided into the linear transfer function and the nonlinear coordinate transformation. The properness and stability of the total transfer function are guaranteed by the designed filter inserted between the linear and nonlinear part. However, the disturbance strongly affects the accuracy of the azimuth angle due to the coordinate transformation. This paper aims to improve the estimation accuracy by combining the idea of correcting the measured angular velocity by the vector measurement and the sensor dynamics compensation only with the proper and stable transfer function. The characteristics of the proposed method are the following two points: 1) the relaxation of the complementary condition in order to make the non-proper and unstable function proper and stable, and 2) the filtering of the estimated vector by the sensor dynamics instead of the filtering of the measured vector by the inverse dynamics in order to avoid the magnification of the high frequency noise. Through the experiment for the fast and irregular motion under 5[Hz], the validity of the proposed method is verified.","PeriodicalId":154457,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE International Conference on Advanced Intelligent Mechatronics (AIM)","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125106957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Analysis of the magnetic torque on a tilted permanent magnet for drug delivery in capsule robots","authors":"F. Munoz, G. Alici, Hao Zhou, Weihua Li, M. Sitti","doi":"10.1109/AIM.2016.7576964","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/AIM.2016.7576964","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we present the analysis of the torque transmitted to a tilted permanent magnet that is to be embedded in a capsule robot to achieve targeted drug delivery. This analysis is carried out by using an analytical model and experimental results for a small cubic permanent magnet that is driven by an external magnetic system made of an array of arc-shaped permanent magnets (ASMs). Our experimental results, which are in agreement with the analytical results, show that the cubic permanent magnet can safely be actuated for inclinations lower than 75° without having to make positional adjustments in the external magnetic system. We have found that with further inclinations, the cubic permanent magnet to be embedded in a drug delivery mechanism may stall. When it stalls, the external magnetic system's position and orientation would have to be adjusted to actuate the cubic permanent magnet and the drug release mechanism. This analysis of the transmitted torque is helpful for the development of real-time control strategies for magnetically articulated devices.","PeriodicalId":154457,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE International Conference on Advanced Intelligent Mechatronics (AIM)","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125158886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Discrete-time flatness-based control for a twin rotor helicopter with an Extended Kalman filter","authors":"Hao Sun, S. Butt, H. Aschemann","doi":"10.1109/AIM.2016.7576818","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/AIM.2016.7576818","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a discrete-time flatness-based control for a twin rotor aerodynamic system with two degrees of freedom is proposed that outperforms a standard quasi-continuous implementation, cf. [1]. A control-oriented state-space model is derived using Lagrange's equations. The resulting nonlinear fourth-order model possesses two control inputs, and is affected by two unknown disturbance torques due to modelling simplifications and unmeasurable torques. Accordingly, a discrete-time Extended Kalman Filter is employed to estimate these lumped disturbances and unmeasurable states as well. The proposed control approach in combination with the discrete-time Extended Kalman Filter is implemented and validated on a laboratory test rig. The effectiveness of the discrete-time flatness-based control is highlighted by experimental results showing an excellent tracking behaviour.","PeriodicalId":154457,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE International Conference on Advanced Intelligent Mechatronics (AIM)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124387040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Development of a biped balloon walking robot with lightweight mechanism and simple ON/OFF controls","authors":"Mami Nishida","doi":"10.1109/AIM.2016.7576743","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/AIM.2016.7576743","url":null,"abstract":"Recently, the declining birth rate and growing proportion of elderly people, an insufficient number of caregivers, have become serious issues in Japan. To address these problems, biped walking robots have been proposed, which have high affinity toward humans. This study presents the development of a balloon walking robot that uses buoyancy to offset the effect of gravity. The author believes we can ensure the safety of robots by analyzing the psychological effects on humans via a balloon walking robot. The proposed robot has flexible legs and a compact and lightweight (total weight of 5.9 g) drive due to the use of shape memory alloys (SMAs). The legs have two degrees of freedom and are controlled by simply switching the ON/OFF current signals to the SMA-based V-type-flexible flat plate actuator. The balloon walking robot stays upright due to a balance between the leg mechanism and helium. In walking experiments, we tested static walking to acquire basic data for the next model. These experiments verified the feasibility of the mechanism.","PeriodicalId":154457,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE International Conference on Advanced Intelligent Mechatronics (AIM)","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121648756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}