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The micelle formation of sodium and potassium (tripentylmethyl)benzenesulfonate in n-heptane 正庚烷中苯磺酸钠和(三戊基甲基)钾的胶束形成
Journal of Colloid Science Pub Date : 1965-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/0095-8522(65)90012-7
H Reerink
{"title":"The micelle formation of sodium and potassium (tripentylmethyl)benzenesulfonate in n-heptane","authors":"H Reerink","doi":"10.1016/0095-8522(65)90012-7","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0095-8522(65)90012-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Size and shape of micelles of Na and K salts of (tripentylmethyl)benzenesulfonic acid in <em>n</em>-heptane were determined from light scattering and sedimentation. These systems behave quite differently from most aqueous micellar systems, which entails special problems in the interpretation of the experimental results. The micelle size depends strongly upon soap concentration and temperature and upon the nature of the cation.</p><p>The behavior of the potassium sulfonate micelles can be reasonably described in terms of a model theory, which theory, however, does not hold for the sodium soap.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15437,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Colloid Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1965-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0095-8522(65)90012-7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79538497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 17
Molecular weight distribution of nonionic surfactants: II. Partition coefficients of normal distribution and homogeneous p, t-octylphenoxyethoxy-ethanols (OPE's) 非离子表面活性剂的分子量分布:2。正态分布与均相p, t-辛基苯氧乙氧基乙醇(OPE)的分配系数
Journal of Colloid Science Pub Date : 1965-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/0095-8522(65)90010-3
E.H Crook , D.B Fordyce , G.F Trebbi
{"title":"Molecular weight distribution of nonionic surfactants: II. Partition coefficients of normal distribution and homogeneous p, t-octylphenoxyethoxy-ethanols (OPE's)","authors":"E.H Crook ,&nbsp;D.B Fordyce ,&nbsp;G.F Trebbi","doi":"10.1016/0095-8522(65)90010-3","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0095-8522(65)90010-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Partition coefficients (<em>K</em><sub><em>D</em></sub> = C<sub>H<sub>2</sub>O</sub>/C<sub>isooctane</sub>) below the critical micelle concentration have been determined for a homogeneous and normal (Poisson) distribution series of <em>p</em>, <em>t</em>-octylphenoxyethoxyethanols (OPE<sub>1–10</sub>) in the system, isooctane-water, at 25°C. As the ethylene oxide (EO) chain length increases from 1 to 10, <em>K</em><sub><em>D</em></sub> increases by four orders of magnitude. The calculated standard free energy change (<em>ΔG</em><sub><em>EO</em></sub><sup>0</sup>) of transport of 1 mole of ethylene oxide from the isooctane to the aqueous phase is −0.60 kcal. mole<sup>−1</sup> for single species OPE's. Assuming a Poisson distribution of molecular weights and weak interactions between OPE molecules of varying EO chain length, one can calculate to a good approximation the partition coefficients of normal distribution OPE's from the partition coefficients of single species OPE's. Similarly, one can calculate the molecular weight distribution and average molecular weight of a given OPE in both the isooctane and aqueous phases as a function of the phase volume ratio of isooctane and water. An order of magnitude estimate of the partition coefficients of normal distribution and single species OPE's can be made from appropriate c.m.c. data. A 35°C. temperature increase decreases the partition coefficient of single species OPE<sub>9</sub> by an order of magnitude. The corresponding standard enthalpy (Δ<em>H</em>°) and standard entropy (Δ<em>S</em>°) changes for the transfer of 1 mole of OPE<sub>9</sub> from the isooctane phase to the aqueous phase are −12.9 kcal. mole<sup>−1</sup> and −43 e.u., respectively. The partition coefficient of single species OPE<sub>9</sub> increases with increasing concentration at concentrations in excess of the onset of micellization.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15437,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Colloid Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1965-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0095-8522(65)90010-3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77009247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 56
Polymer association. VI. Reversible gelation of polystyrene carrying a small number of short polycaprolactam side chains 聚合物协会。带有少量短聚己内酰胺侧链的聚苯乙烯的可逆凝胶化
Journal of Colloid Science Pub Date : 1965-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/0095-8522(65)90014-0
D Lim , H Morawetz
{"title":"Polymer association. VI. Reversible gelation of polystyrene carrying a small number of short polycaprolactam side chains","authors":"D Lim ,&nbsp;H Morawetz","doi":"10.1016/0095-8522(65)90014-0","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0095-8522(65)90014-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A styrene copolymer with 2.3 mole % of methacrylic acid was modified by grafting short polycaprolactam side chains to the carboxyl residues. The creep and creep recovery was studied over a range of temperatures on graft polymers containing 20% dioctyl phthalate plasticizer. A sample in which the side chains contained on the average 5 caprolactam units was a rubber-like elastomer at 125°C., showing no evidence of an irreversible creep. This behavior was interpreted as due to the formation of a gel network by hydrogen-bonding between the polycaprolactam side chains. Covalent cross-linking could be excluded since the graft polymer was soluble in various solvent media. At higher temperatures the interpretation of the data was uncertain because of slow plasticizer loss and chemical degradation, but the molding behavior of the sample at 205°C. indicated that the gel structure had disappeared at that temperature.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15437,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Colloid Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1965-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0095-8522(65)90014-0","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80156920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Solvents having high dielectric constants. XVI. Properties of colloids in N-methylacetamide 高介电常数的溶剂。十六。n -甲基乙酰胺中胶体的性质
Journal of Colloid Science Pub Date : 1965-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/0095-8522(65)90018-8
Lyle R Dawson, Djong Gie Oei
{"title":"Solvents having high dielectric constants. XVI. Properties of colloids in N-methylacetamide","authors":"Lyle R Dawson,&nbsp;Djong Gie Oei","doi":"10.1016/0095-8522(65)90018-8","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0095-8522(65)90018-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>CuS and As<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub> sols in <em>N</em>-methylacetamide have been prepared and have been purified by electrodialysis. Both sols were found to carry negative charges.</p><p>Flocculation values were determined using solutions of NaI and of CaCl<sub>2</sub> in NMA at 40°C. The experimental values for both sols were considerably higher than for similar systems in water.</p><p>As<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub> sols in NMA exhibit very unusual stability, showing no flocculation after three months.</p><p>The CuS sol was found to be inherently unstable in NMA and to dissolve in a few days. Coordination of NMA molecules around the Cu<sup>++</sup>, ion and the very high dielectric constant of the medium may contribute to this behavior.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15437,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Colloid Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1965-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0095-8522(65)90018-8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85323961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 7
The liquid repellency of a number of fluorochemical finished cotton fabrics 几种氟化整理棉织物的驱液性能
Journal of Colloid Science Pub Date : 1965-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/0095-8522(65)90011-5
A.M Rijke
{"title":"The liquid repellency of a number of fluorochemical finished cotton fabrics","authors":"A.M Rijke","doi":"10.1016/0095-8522(65)90011-5","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0095-8522(65)90011-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The liquid repellency to liquids of varying surface tensions was examined for a number of differently woven cotton fabrics that were treated with a fluorochemical textile finish.</p><p>Expressions for the liquid-solid and liquid-air interfaces per unit of macroscopic surface area have been derived and used to calculate the apparent surface contact angles. Comparison with experimental data has shown that these expressions are correct.</p><p>Liquid-yarn advancing contact angles have been obtained from measurements of the pressure required to force the liquid through the pores in the fabrics.</p><p>The abrupt drop of repelling performance for liquids of surface tension under 25 dynes/cm. is discussed in terms of textile structure and fiber surface.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15437,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Colloid Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1965-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0095-8522(65)90011-5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82208843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 9
The viscosity of concentrated spherical suspensions 浓缩球形悬浮液的粘度
Journal of Colloid Science Pub Date : 1965-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/0095-8522(65)90017-6
Robert Simha, Thomas Somcynsky
{"title":"The viscosity of concentrated spherical suspensions","authors":"Robert Simha,&nbsp;Thomas Somcynsky","doi":"10.1016/0095-8522(65)90017-6","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0095-8522(65)90017-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15437,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Colloid Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1965-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0095-8522(65)90017-6","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75349522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 15
The characterization of molecular water on silica surfaces 二氧化硅表面分子水的表征
Journal of Colloid Science Pub Date : 1965-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/0095-8522(65)90013-9
K.Robert Lange
{"title":"The characterization of molecular water on silica surfaces","authors":"K.Robert Lange","doi":"10.1016/0095-8522(65)90013-9","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0095-8522(65)90013-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The existence of two types of molecular, adsorbed water on the surface of precipitated silica has been confirmed. It has been shown that the physically adsorbed water gives a Type II isotherm and requires an activation energy of 6.6, 7.4, and 8.2 kcal./mole for its removal, on three different precipitated silica samples studied. The second type of water is probably H-bonded to SiOH groups and conforms to a Langmuir isotherm, requiring about 10 kcal. activation energy for its removal. The data are consistent with a bridged structure involving one water and two SiOH groups. The data suggest that past reports of water adsorption on silica surfaces have shown monolayer coverage to be complete at spurious partial pressures because the two types of water adsorption have not been clearly separated.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15437,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Colloid Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1965-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0095-8522(65)90013-9","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74701437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 70
Calorimetric determination of the hydrophile-lipophile balance of surface-active substances 表面活性物质亲水亲脂平衡的量热法测定
Journal of Colloid Science Pub Date : 1965-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/0095-8522(65)90001-2
Istvan Racz, Erno Orban
{"title":"Calorimetric determination of the hydrophile-lipophile balance of surface-active substances","authors":"Istvan Racz,&nbsp;Erno Orban","doi":"10.1016/0095-8522(65)90001-2","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0095-8522(65)90001-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The hydrophile-lipophile balance (HLB) of liquid nonionic surface-active agents is linearly related to the measured heat of hydration by the relation <span><span><span><math><mtext>HLB</mtext><mtext> = 0.42Q + 7.5,</mtext></math></span></span></span> where <em>Q</em> = the heat of hydration in g.-cal./g. In the case of mixtures, this relationship represents a positive deviation from strictly additive behavior. A simple calorimetric arrangement for the determination of the heat of hydration is described.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15437,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Colloid Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1965-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0095-8522(65)90001-2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"23848587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 10
Approach of two identical rigid spheres in a liquid field 两个相同的刚性球体在液体场中的接近
Journal of Colloid Science Pub Date : 1965-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/0095-8522(65)90009-7
R.M Mcavoy, Robert C Kintner
{"title":"Approach of two identical rigid spheres in a liquid field","authors":"R.M Mcavoy,&nbsp;Robert C Kintner","doi":"10.1016/0095-8522(65)90009-7","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0095-8522(65)90009-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15437,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Colloid Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1965-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0095-8522(65)90009-7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82964758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 13
The electrokinetic mobility of emulsions of water in some hydrocarbons. Influence of electrolytes 某些碳氢化合物中水乳液的电动力学迁移率。电解质的影响
Journal of Colloid Science Pub Date : 1965-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/0095-8522(65)90004-8
W Rigole, P Van der Wee
{"title":"The electrokinetic mobility of emulsions of water in some hydrocarbons. Influence of electrolytes","authors":"W Rigole,&nbsp;P Van der Wee","doi":"10.1016/0095-8522(65)90004-8","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0095-8522(65)90004-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Water-in-heptane emulsions were prepared containing 0.5 % by volume of Span 80 and water-in-benzene emulsions with 1 % of Span 85.</p><p>By measuring the centrifugation current, the electrokinetic mobility was determined for different concentrations of electrolytes (NaCl, BaCl<sub>2</sub>, Ce(N0<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub>, Na<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>, and also HCl and KOH) in the aqueous phase.</p><p>The influence of the valency of the cations required a generalization of the equation for the electrokinetic mobility in the case of emulsions. This makes an evaluation of zeta potentials difficult.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15437,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Colloid Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1965-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0095-8522(65)90004-8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90242816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
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