Journal of clinical lipidology最新文献

{"title":"Global trends in sitosterolemia research: A bibliometric and visualization analysis","authors":"Hui Wu BM ,&nbsp;Yinfei Xu MM ,&nbsp;Rong Cheng MM ,&nbsp;Haoyang Zhou BM ,&nbsp;Ying Li BM ,&nbsp;Ziyi Lu BM ,&nbsp;Cheng Zhang MM ,&nbsp;Chunyu Li MM ,&nbsp;Yan Chen MD","doi":"10.1016/j.jacl.2025.04.201","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jacl.2025.04.201","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>BACKGROUND</h3><div>Sitosterolemia is a rare autosomal recessive genetic lipid metabolism disorder characterized by high concentrations of plant sterols in plasma and tissues, which can cause a variety of clinical symptoms, such as xanthomatosis, atherosclerosis, and arthritis. In recent years, more and more scholars have begun to pay attention to the special disease of sitosterolemia. Bibliometric analysis, as a method of quantitative analysis of scientific literature, can help us systematically understand the research status and development trends in this field. In this study, CiteSpace software was used to analyze the literature on sitosterolemia.</div></div><div><h3>SOURCES OF MATERIAL</h3><div>Publications on sitosterolemia were collected from the Web of Science Core Collection (WOSCC) and PubMed. The bibliometric tools CiteSpace software and Microsoft Excel were used to identify the historical features, the evolution of active topics, and emerging trends in the sitosterolemia field.</div></div><div><h3>ABSTRACT OF FINDINGS</h3><div>A total of 885 publications were retrieved and 416 publications were included in the analysis after the removal of duplicates. From 1974 to 2024, the number of publications and the related citations show an obvious fluctuating trend. The top 3 institutions with the most publications were the University of Bonn, the University of Texas System, and the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Dallas; the top 3 authors with the most publications were Patel SB, Tada H, and Salen G. The research hotspots on sitosterolemia mainly focus on phytosterols, whole exome sequencing, and lipid metabolism. The top 5 keywords by frequency of occurrence were “sitosterolemia,” “humans,” “dietary-cholesterol,” “cholesterol,” and “absorption.” There is extensive scientific research cooperation among the sitosterolemia research institutions. Genetic research remains an important and ongoing area of interest in the study of sitosterolemia, given the fundamental role of genetic mutations in the disease's pathogenesis.</div></div><div><h3>CONCLUSION</h3><div>The findings based on the bibliometric studies provide the current status and trends in sitosterolemia research and may help researchers identify hot topics and explore new research directions in this field.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15392,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical lipidology","volume":"19 4","pages":"Pages 790-801"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144248143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beyond the cataract: Comprehensive ophthalmologic and retinal imaging analysis in cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis","authors":"Semra Tiryaki Demir MD, Assoc. Prof. ,&nbsp;Tuğçe Dursun Yılmazşamlı MD ,&nbsp;Kağan Çalışgan MD ,&nbsp;Fatih Kerem Dedeli MD ,&nbsp;Hanım Babazade MD ,&nbsp;Mehmet Dedeler MD ,&nbsp;Ertuğrul Kıykım MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Çiğdem Aktuğlu-Zeybek MD ,&nbsp;Tanyel Zubarıoglu MD, PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.jacl.2025.05.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jacl.2025.05.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>BACKGROUND</h3><div>Cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis (CTX) is a rare metabolic disorder characterized by cholesterol and cholestanol accumulation, leading to neurological and ocular complications. While cataracts and optic neuropathy are common, retinal structural and vascular alterations remain poorly understood.</div></div><div><h3>OBJECTIVE</h3><div>To comprehensively evaluate ophthalmologic findings and retinal imaging characteristics in CTX patients.</div></div><div><h3>METHODS</h3><div>This prospective, cross-sectional study included detailed ophthalmologic examinations of CTX patients, including best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), intraocular pressure (IOP), biomicroscopy, and fundus examination. Retinal imaging was performed using optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT-angiography (OCTA). Central foveal thickness (CFT), parafoveal retinal thickness (RT), ganglion cell layer thickness (GCLT), and vessel densities (VDs) of the superficial (SCP) and deep capillary plexus (DCP) were analyzed and compared with age-matched healthy controls.</div></div><div><h3>RESULTS</h3><div>A total of 18 eyes from 9 CTX patients and 18 eyes from 9 controls were included. Five patients (55.5%) had prior cataract surgery. All eyes that underwent cataract surgery exhibited myopic/astigmatic refractive errors, and 3 (30%) had elevated IOP. Fundoscopy revealed optic disc hypoplasia, pallor, blurred disc margins, and increased vascular tortuosity in some cases (44.4%). BCVA, parafoveal RTs, and parafoveal SCP-VDs were significantly lower in CTX patients (<em>P</em> &lt; .05). CFT, foveal SCP-VD, and GCLT were lower but not statistically significant (<em>P</em> &gt; .05).</div></div><div><h3>CONCLUSION</h3><div>Cataracts and optic nerve abnormalities are the most common ocular findings in CTX. Eyes undergoing cataract surgery should be closely monitored for refractive errors and IOP. Retinal neurovascular pathologies can be detected noninvasively using OCT and OCTA imaging<strong>.</strong></div></div>","PeriodicalId":15392,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical lipidology","volume":"19 4","pages":"Pages 990-999"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144608472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ApoB, LDL-C, and non-HDL-C as markers of cardiovascular risk","authors":"Daniel Sehayek MD ,&nbsp;Justine Cole MD ,&nbsp;Elias Björnson PhD ,&nbsp;John T. Wilkins MD ,&nbsp;Martin B. Mortensen MD ,&nbsp;Line Dufresne MSc ,&nbsp;Karol M. Pencina PhD ,&nbsp;Michael J. Pencina PhD ,&nbsp;George Thanassoulis MD ,&nbsp;Allan D. Sniderman MD","doi":"10.1016/j.jacl.2025.05.024","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jacl.2025.05.024","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>BACKGROUND</h3><div>Conventional statistical approaches are not designed to compare highly correlated variables such as low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), non-high density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C), and apolipoprotein B (apoB). Discordance analysis was designed to overcome this limitation by creating groups in which the predictions of 2 markers differ.</div></div><div><h3>OBJECTIVE</h3><div>This systematic review compiled all discordance studies that compare the predictive powers of LDL-C and non-HDL-C vs LDL particle number (LDL P) or apoB as markers of atherosclerotic disease risk to determine which is the most accurate marker of cardiovascular risk.</div></div><div><h3>METHODS</h3><div>A PubMed search completed September 30, 2024, identified 15 studies involving 593,354 participants. These studies encompassed diverse populations, and included patients with and without statin therapy. Several variations of discordance analysis were used including median-based, percentile-based, residual-based, and variance-based approaches.</div></div><div><h3>RESULTS</h3><div>ApoB outperformed LDL-C in 9 of 9 studies whereas LDL P was superior to LDL-C in 2 of 3 comparisons. In 1 study, non-HDL-C was superior to apoB, in 1 study apoB and non-HDL-C were equivalent, whereas in 7 studies, apoB, overall, was a significantly more accurate marker of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk than non-HDL-C.</div></div><div><h3>CONCLUSION</h3><div>Discordance analysis provides robust evidence that apoB is a more accurate marker of cardiovascular risk than either LDL-C or non-HDL-C, notwithstanding these variables are highly intercorrelated. Thus, neither LDL-C nor non-HDL-C are adequate clinical surrogates for apoB. Accordingly, apoB should be the primary measure in clinical care to estimate the cardiovascular risk attributable to the apoB lipoproteins and the adequacy of lipid-lowering therapy to reduce this risk.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15392,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical lipidology","volume":"19 4","pages":"Pages 844-859"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144667681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"JCL Roundtable: Dietary recommendations and intermittent fasting and time-restricted eating","authors":"Kevin C. Maki PhD, CLS, MNLA, FTOS, FAHA ,&nbsp;Carol F. Kirkpatrick PhD, MPH, RDN, CLS, FNLA ,&nbsp;Michael J. Wilkinson MD, FACC, FNLA ,&nbsp;Kristina S. Petersen PhD, APD, FAHA","doi":"10.1016/j.jacl.2025.02.018","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jacl.2025.02.018","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><span><span>Lifestyle intervention is the cornerstone of the prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Several health authorities and scientific organizations have provided dietary guidance for </span>ASCVD prevention<span><span>, including recommendations for healthful dietary patterns. Recently, intermittent fasting and time-restricted eating (TRE) have become popular dietary approaches. Findings from clinical studies suggest that intermittent fasting and TRE may result in improvements in cardiometabolic </span>risk factors, especially in patients with metabolic dysfunction. This </span></span><em>Journal of Clinical Lipidology</em> Roundtable presents a conversation between Drs. Carol F. Kirkpatrick, Kevin C. Maki, Kristina S. Petersen, and Michael J. Wilkinson about dietary recommendations, intermittent fasting, and TRE. The discussion highlights the current dietary recommendations for ASCVD prevention and the potential roles of intermittent fasting and TRE for improving cardiometabolic health.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15392,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical lipidology","volume":"19 4","pages":"Pages 748-758"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143674085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Achievement of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol thresholds in very high-risk atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease","authors":"Elisa A. Worledge PharmD ,&nbsp;Sarah J. Billups PharmD ,&nbsp;Oliver J. Titus MS ,&nbsp;Joseph J. Saseen PharmD, MNLA, CLS","doi":"10.1016/j.jacl.2025.04.186","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jacl.2025.04.186","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>BACKGROUND</h3><div>The 2022 American College of Cardiology Expert Consensus Decision Pathway on the Role of Nonstatin Therapies recommended more aggressive management of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) compared to the 2018 American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology/Multisociety Guideline. In congruence with European guidelines, a target LDL-C threshold of 55 mg/dL is recommended for patients with very high-risk atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Real-world status of the early implementation of this recommendation remains uncertain.</div></div><div><h3>OBJECTIVE</h3><div>To determine the proportion of patients with very high-risk ASCVD achieving an LDL-C &lt;55 mg/dL and characterize differences between patients who did and did not achieve this LDL-C value.</div></div><div><h3>METHODS</h3><div>This retrospective cohort study evaluated patients between January 1, 2023, and December 31, 2023, who were ≥ 18 years old with very high-risk ASCVD from the University of Colorado Health system primary care practices. Very high-risk ASCVD was defined as a history of a major ASCVD event with at least 2 high-risk conditions.</div></div><div><h3>RESULTS</h3><div>A total of 8974 patients met inclusion criteria for very high-risk ASCVD. Of these, only 21.0% achieved an LDL-C &lt;55 mg/dL, while 39.5% of patients achieved the previously recommended LDL-C threshold of &lt;70 mg/dL. More than half of patients were prescribed a high-intensity statin-based regimen.</div></div><div><h3>CONCLUSION</h3><div>Within a large, academic health-system, achievement of LDL-C threshold among patients with very high-risk ASCVD was low. Recommendations from the 2022 ACC Expert Consensus Decision Pathway that endorse more aggressive LDL-C lowering and emphasize nonstatin therapies as an adjunct to statins are not fully implemented in real-world clinical practice.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15392,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical lipidology","volume":"19 4","pages":"Pages 860-868"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144020184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A qualitative study to explore the patient experience of hypertriglyceridemia-related acute pancreatitis","authors":"Asia Sikora Kessler PhD ,&nbsp;Daniel Aggio PhD ,&nbsp;Ellen M. Howard PhD ,&nbsp;Daniel E. Soffer MD ,&nbsp;Jordi Alonso MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Sarah Acaster MSc ,&nbsp;Kate Williams PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.jacl.2025.04.190","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jacl.2025.04.190","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>BACKGROUND</h3><div>Hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) is a common cause of acute pancreatitis (AP) and can be exacerbated by acquired metabolic conditions or rare inherited disorders (eg, familial chylomicronemia syndrome [FCS]), leading to HTG-induced AP (HTG-AP). HTG-AP is associated with severe abdominal pain typically requiring hospitalization and significantly impacts health-related quality of life (HRQoL).</div></div><div><h3>OBJECTIVE</h3><div>To understand patients’ perspectives on the HRQoL impacts of HTG-AP.</div></div><div><h3>METHODS</h3><div>Interviews were conducted with adults with severe/very severe HTG and/or FCS, experiencing ≥1 HTG-AP episode in the past 2 years requiring an overnight hospitalization. An interview guide, developed with patient and clinical expert input, explored symptoms, long-term HRQoL impacts, and management of HTG-AP. Participants completed a background questionnaire, the EQ-5D-5L and select items from the PROMIS Profile v1.0-FCS 28 prior to interview. Interview transcripts were analyzed using thematic and content analysis.</div></div><div><h3>RESULTS</h3><div>Twelve participants completed the study (aged 32-66 years), 3 with genetically confirmed FCS. Participants described a sudden onset of HTG-AP episodes and a gradual recovery following medical intervention (up to several weeks). Participants described substantial symptomatic burden during episodes, including severe abdominal pain, fatigue, gastrointestinal symptoms, fever, and appetite loss. These impacted psychological wellbeing, relationships, and daily activities. Many of the symptoms and impacts on HRQoL (eg, pain, work impacts) persisted between episodes and had long-term effects. Participants reported substantial lifestyle restrictions (eg, dietary) to manage symptoms.</div></div><div><h3>CONCLUSION</h3><div>HTG-AP has a substantial symptomatic and HRQoL burden during episodes, which can persist postrecovery. Treatments that reduce the incidence of HTG-AP have potential to improve HRQoL.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15392,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical lipidology","volume":"19 4","pages":"Pages 931-941"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144086274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between uric acid to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio and abdominal aortic calcification: A cross-sectional study","authors":"Yuanming Li BS ,&nbsp;Lishan Bai BS","doi":"10.1016/j.jacl.2025.05.017","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jacl.2025.05.017","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>BACKGROUND</h3><div>The association between uric acid to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (UHR) and abdominal aortic calcification (AAC) is not fully understood. This study aimed to explore the potential association between UHR and AAC in adults older than 40 years.</div></div><div><h3>METHODS</h3><div>In this cross-sectional study, data were collected from the 2013 to 2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). UHR equals uric acid (mg/dL) divided by high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (mg/dL). We used weighted multiple logistic regression or linear regression analysis to investigate the association between UHR and AAC. We conducted subgroup and interaction analyses to investigate whether these associations varied by different confounders. Receiver operating characteristic curve studies were used to compare the diagnostic power of the Framingham scoring model with the Framingham and UHR models for AAC and severe abdominal aortic calcification (SAAC). Sensitivity analyses were conducted to determine the robustness of the UHR and AAC association results.</div></div><div><h3>RESULTS</h3><div>The final evaluation covered 2294 participants older than 40 years (mean age: 59.01 years; 52.57% female). A 1-unit rise in the log-UHR led to a 0.80 increase in the AAC scores (<em>β</em> [95% CI]: 0.80 [0.46, 1.13]) and a 90% higher risk of AAC (odds ratio [OR] [95% CI]: 1.90 [1.42, 2.54]), and the risk of SAAC increased by 95% (OR [95% CI]:1.95 [1.37, 2.77]). Subgroup analyses showed that the association between log-UHR and AAC scores with SAAC varied by sex.</div></div><div><h3>CONCLUSIONS</h3><div>This study identified a positive association between UHR and AAC risk, whereas the association of UHR with AAC scores and SAAC was significant only in the female subgroup.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15392,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical lipidology","volume":"19 4","pages":"Pages 899-911"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144512031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of lipid-lowering therapy in patients with elevated lipoprotein(a) levels","authors":"Michael S. Kelly PharmD ,&nbsp;Ruth N. Jeminiwa PhD ,&nbsp;Fatima Gohar BS ,&nbsp;Mario Fanous BS ,&nbsp;Pablo Ramirez BS ,&nbsp;Dave L. Dixon PharmD","doi":"10.1016/j.jacl.2025.04.200","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jacl.2025.04.200","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>BACKGROUND</h3><div>Elevated lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)) is a recognized independent risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) and other cardiovascular-related disorders. To mitigate the increased risk associated with elevated Lp(a), intensified treatment is recommended for modifiable ASCVD risk factors, such as hypertension, hyperglycemia, and dyslipidemia. However, limited evidence has assessed how clinicians are modifying lipid-lowering therapy in response to elevated Lp(a) levels.</div></div><div><h3>OBJECTIVE</h3><div>To evaluate changes to lipid-lowering therapy and assess which patient characteristics are associated with intensifying lipid-lowering medications.</div></div><div><h3>METHODS</h3><div>This retrospective, observational case-control study evaluated changes to lipid-lowering therapy in patients with elevated Lp(a) values from January 1, 2020, through May 31, 2024.</div></div><div><h3>RESULTS</h3><div>Of 1042 patients with an Lp(a) value of 30 mg/dL (75 nmol/L) or higher during our study period, 539 met full inclusion eligibility. Of the 539 patients, 120 (22.3%) had their lipid-lowering therapy modified within 30 days of the elevated Lp(a) result. The most common interventions were adding ezetimibe (33.3%) and intensifying statin therapy (32.5%). Elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) was the most significant predictor of whether patients’ lipid medications were modified, concordant with current recommendations for mitigating increased ASCVD risk associated with elevated Lp(a).</div></div><div><h3>CONCLUSION</h3><div>Intensification of lipid-lowering medication within 30 days occurred in less than one-quarter of patients with elevated Lp(a). Future studies are needed to determine if aggressive LDL-C lowering is superior to Lp(a)-lowering to prevent ASCVD events in patients with elevated Lp(a).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15392,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical lipidology","volume":"19 4","pages":"Pages 819-826"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144225605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contributing factors to the short-term progression of carotid plaque and its relation to cardiovascular outcomes","authors":"Jong-Il Park MD ,&nbsp;Kyu-Hwan Park MD ,&nbsp;Ung Kim MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Hong-Ju Kim MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Kang-Un Choi MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Jong-Ho Nam MD ,&nbsp;Chan-Hee Lee MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Jang-Won Son MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Jong-Seon Park MD, PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.jacl.2025.04.191","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jacl.2025.04.191","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>BACKGROUND</h3><div>The temporal changes in carotid plaque progression (PP) and its association with cardiovascular events are not well understood.</div></div><div><h3>OBJECTIVE</h3><div>This study aimed to evaluate the factors affecting short-term carotid PP and its relation to cardiovascular events.</div></div><div><h3>METHODS</h3><div>A total of 650 patients who underwent serial carotid ultrasonography over a period of at least 12 months were enrolled and analyzed. The study population was stratified into 2 groups: those with carotid PP (n = 304) and those without PP (n = 346). PP was defined as an increase of plaque number or a ≥20% increase in total plaque thickness compared to previous ultrasonography. The primary endpoint was a 4-year incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), defined as a composite of all-cause death, myocardial infarction, coronary revascularization, or stroke.</div></div><div><h3>RESULTS</h3><div>Among all patients, the initial mean plaque thickness and number were 6.0 ± 6.7 mm and 2.7 ± 2.7, respectively. Upon follow-up, the PP rate was 46.7%, plaque regression was 16.5%, and no change was observed in 36.8%. The incidence of MACE over 4 years was significantly higher in the PP group (26.6%) compared to the no-PP group (13.0%), with a hazard ratio (HR) of 2.19 (95% CI, 1.52-3.15; <em>P</em><span> &lt; .001). Independent predictors of MACE included age, chronic kidney disease, coronary artery disease, previous stroke, and PP (HR, 2.05; 95% CI, 1.42-2.95; </span><em>P</em> &lt; .001). Age (HR, 1.02; 95% CI, 1.00-1.03; <em>P</em> = .038) and coronary artery disease (HR, 1.42; 95% CI, 1.04-1.95; <em>P</em> =.030) were independent predictors of PP.</div></div><div><h3>CONCLUSION</h3><div>Older age and coronary artery disease tended to increase the likelihood of PP during short-term follow-up, which was significantly associated with cardiovascular events.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15392,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical lipidology","volume":"19 4","pages":"Pages 878-887"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144284529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lomitapide-induced fatty liver is a reversible condition: Evidence from a case of familial chylomicronemia syndrome","authors":"Daniele Tramontano MD ,&nbsp;Michele di Martino MD ,&nbsp;Francesco Baratta MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Alessia Di Costanzo BSc, MD ,&nbsp;Nicholas Cocomello MD ,&nbsp;Daniela Commodari BPharm ,&nbsp;Simone Bini MD ,&nbsp;Ilenia Minicocci BSc, PhD ,&nbsp;Marcello Arca MD ,&nbsp;Laura D’Erasmo MD, PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.jacl.2025.05.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jacl.2025.05.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Familial chylomicronemia syndrome (FCS) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by severe hypertriglyceridemia. It is caused by loss-of-function variants in the genes encoding the lipoprotein lipase (LPL) enzyme and its cofactors, which severely impair the hydrolysis of triglycerides (TG). Its main complication is represented by acute pancreatitis (AP), a potentially life-threatening condition. Conventional TG-lowering therapies are poorly effective in FCS, thus requiring the search of novel treatments.</div><div>Lomitapide, an inhibitor of microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP), has demonstrated efficacy in reducing TG levels in FCS. However, it is associated with hepatic side effects, namely liver fat accumulation. Here we present a case study of a 71-year-old female patient with genetically confirmed FCS, baseline TG level of 2300 mg/dL (25.97 mmol/L) and a history of AP, who was treated with lomitapide for almost 5 years. The treatment allowed a marked reduction of TG (about 90%) and no recurrence of AP. However, hepatic monitoring during treatment revealed a progressive worsening of liver fat accumulation as detected by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), which was associated with pronounced increases in liver transaminases and liver stiffness (up to 15 kPa). Due to these hepatic adverse events, it was decided to discontinue therapy with lomitapide. An MRI scan repeated after 70 days of drug withdrawal revealed complete resolution of fatty liver disease associated with normalization of liver stiffness (4.1 kPa) and liver transaminases.</div><div>This case demonstrates the reversibility of lomitapide-induced fatty liver and underscores the importance of regular monitoring of the liver safety during lomitapide to guide timely interventions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15392,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical lipidology","volume":"19 4","pages":"Pages 1164-1170"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144275006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}