The International Journal of Science & Technoledge最新文献

{"title":"Chemical and Phytochemical Composition of the Kenyan Apple and Tommy Atkin Mango Pulp","authors":"Mbusa Sikwaya Schadrack, George Ooko Abong’, Jane Ambuko, Duke Gekonge Omayio","doi":"10.24940/theijst/2023/v11/i4/st2304-006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24940/theijst/2023/v11/i4/st2304-006","url":null,"abstract":"Processing mango fruit into shelf-stable products such as chips, pulp, nectar, and juices can reduce post-harvest losses and provide farmers with income while also eliminating inequalities in food security and nutrition. Mango pulp is rich in macronutrients and microminerals but needs to be verified before being used to make nectar. This study aimed to examine the chemical and phytochemical composition of two mango cultivars, Tommy Atkins and Apple, cultivated in Machakos County. The Association of Official Analytical Chemists' methods assessed the chemical, nutritional, and phytochemical properties of two mango cultivars using a completely randomized design. There is a statistically significant difference (p<0.05) between most of these parameters. The result showed that Mango pulp contains total phenolics (31.468 for apple and 28.378 mg for Tommy Atkin GAE/100g DW), flavonoids (11.457 for apple and 9.427 mg Tommy Atkin QE/100g DW), Vitamin C (75.81 for apple and 22.69 for Tommy Atkin mg/100g) and Vitamin A (10.12 for apple and 2.65 for Tommy Atkin mg/100g). Apple mango pulp had the most phenolics, flavonoids, and antioxidants (vitamins C and A) compared to Tommy Atkin mango pulp. The nutritional composition result showed that apple mango fruit pulp had a significantly higher amount of protein (4.85%), fiber (7.92%), calcium (48.05 mg/100g D.W), and zinc (4.42 mg/100g D.W) than Tommy Atkin mango fruit pulp (protein - 4.72%, fiber - 7.26%, calcium - 33.2mg/100g DW, and zinc - 4.4.17 mg/100g DW). However, the amount of iron in Tommy Atkin mango fruit pulp (9.36 mg/100g DW) is higher than that of apple mango fruit pulp. Apple mango fruit can be used to reduce hunger and protect against deficiencies in nutrients.","PeriodicalId":153770,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Science &amp; Technoledge","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114791545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of the Safety and Efficacy of Muguga Cocktail Vaccine on Pastoralists’ Cattle in Narok County, Kenya","authors":"Mukholi Gabriel Tenesi, Henry K. Kiara, Philip M. Kitala, J.M.Gathuma","doi":"10.24940/theijst/2023/v11/i4/st2304-011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24940/theijst/2023/v11/i4/st2304-011","url":null,"abstract":"A five-month prospective longitudinal clinical study was carried out to assess the safety and efficacy of infection and treatment method (ITM) using the Muguga cocktail vaccine on pastoralists' calves in Narok County, Kenya. The study was carried out in contrasting three sites. Two sites and one site in Osupuko sub-county and Loita sub-county, respectively. Four herds were purposively selected based on the accessibility and willingness of the farmers. One hundred and twenty-three (123) and one hundred and nineteen (119) calves were vaccinated and not vaccinated respectively. The ECF reactor rate was 0%. The antibodies to Theileria parva parva (T.parva parva) were 46.2% on day 0 and peaked up to 93.3% on day 35 following immunization with Muguga cocktail (p=0.000). In the control herd, the seroprevalence changed from 46.5% down to 41% (p=0.442). This change indicated that some of the calves had maternal antibodies and after 35 days, they could not be detected. The morbidity rate of clinical ECF was 15.1% in the control and 1.6% in the immunized (p=0.000). The cause-specific mortality rate of ECF was 87.5% in the control and none was observed in the immunized calves (p=0.000). The vaccine was able to protect calves against ECF, as supported by the ECF incidence and mortality rates in the vaccinated herds compared to the control. The Muguga cocktail vaccine is, therefore, safe and efficacious.","PeriodicalId":153770,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Science &amp; Technoledge","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127921172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Convergence Criteria of Monetary Integration and Economic Performance of Sub-Saharan African Countries","authors":"Orji, Alexander C, Osang, Paul A, Okeke, Tabansi C","doi":"10.24940/theijst/2023/v11/i4/st2304-005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24940/theijst/2023/v11/i4/st2304-005","url":null,"abstract":"Based on the experience of countries that have adopted the use of a single currency, there is no doubt that monetary integration remains a key strategy for Sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries to transform themselves into a strong united bloc of developed nations and a global force. Therefore, this study examines the impact of the convergence criteria of monetary integration on the economic performance of SSA countries from 1999 to 2021, using Panel Autoregressive Distributed Lag Model (PARDL). About nine SSA countries from the four regions of SSA were randomly selected, and the countries include: Nigeria, South Africa, Angola, Kenya, Lesotho, Ghana, Ethiopia, Democratic Republic of Congo, and Central African Republic. In order to achieve the main objective of this study, the annual panel data were collected from World Bank database on the variables such as Gross Domestic Product growth rate (GDPG), Inflation Rates (INFR), Real Exchange Rates (REXR), and Fiscal Deficit (FDEF). The panel unit root and Johansen Fisher cointegration tests were conducted on all the variables. While the variables exert mixed order of integration, there exists a long-run relationship among the variables. The PARDL results reveal that the inflation rate has an insignificant positive effect on the GDP growth rate in the long run and an insignificant negative effect in the short run. The result further shows that in both the long and short run, the real exchange rate has an insignificant negative impact on the economic performance of SSA countries. The fiscal deficit result shows a significant positive impact on the GDP growth rate in SSA countries both in the long run and short run. The study, therefore, recommends that government should formulate a policy that would strengthen local currencies against foreign currencies, probably by fixing the exchange rates. If this is done, the inflation rate will be tamed through various productions of goods and services at reduced costs.","PeriodicalId":153770,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Science &amp; Technoledge","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131236292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect Giving of Probiotics in Water on Feed Efficiency and Water Quality for Aquaculture Tilapia (Oreochromus niloticus)","authors":"Andi Puspa Sari Idris, Irfani Baga, Sri Wahidah, Patang","doi":"10.24940/theijst/2023/v11/i4/st2304-009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24940/theijst/2023/v11/i4/st2304-009","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to determine the effect of giving probiotics to water on the value of Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR), feed efficiency, and water quality of tilapia (Oreochromus niloticus) aquaculture. This is an experimental research with 4 treatments and 3 replications. The treatments tried were: \u0000 \u0000Treatment K: Without Probiotics, \u0000Treatment A: given probiotics at a dose of 1 ppm, \u0000Treatment B: given probiotics at a dose of 1.5 ppm, and \u0000Treatment D: given probiotics at a dose of 2 ppm \u0000 \u0000The results showed that the water-given probiotics had an effect on the FCR value of the feed and the feed efficiency of tilapia, where the higher the dose of probiotics given, the smaller the FCR value, likewise with the value of feed efficiency, where the higher the dose of probiotics in tilapia rearing water, the higher the value of feed efficiency. The results of water quality measurements, such as temperature, pH, and ammonia, all of these water quality parameters still meet the requirements for the growth of tilapia.","PeriodicalId":153770,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Science &amp; Technoledge","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115103012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Fermented Red Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) on Body Weight, Profil Lipid and Glucose Serum Sprague Dawley Rats Feed High Fat High Fructose Diet","authors":"Fatma Zuhrotun Nisa, Fitria Eka Purwandari, Karina Candrakirana Dwinanda, Nuzulul Sakinatul Fitriah, Sindy Viana Wulandari","doi":"10.24940/theijst/2023/v11/i3/st2303-001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24940/theijst/2023/v11/i3/st2303-001","url":null,"abstract":"One of the non-communicable diseases that cause death is metabolic syndrome. Metabolic syndrome is a collection of risk factors for the degenerative disease found in people. Red beans are foodstuffs from the class of nuts that have high fiber content and low glycemic index. Red beans also contain flavonoids, polyphenols, resistant starch, and saponins. That compounds have been found to function as anti-obesity, anti-diabetic, and anti-hyperlipidemia. Red beans fermented is a fermentation product from Rhizopus orizae. Fermentation assumed can improve the nutritional value and health benefits of red beans. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of red beans fermented on body weight, lipid profile, and blood glucose in Sprague Dawley rats with high carbohydrate and high-fat diets. This research is an experimental design with a pre-post test. Twenty-eight rats were divided into four groups. The first group was given water and standard feed for 28 days. While groups 2, 3, and 4 were fed a high-fat and high-carbohydrate diet for 14 days and then given standard feed and drinking water, red beans fermented, and red beans steamed for 28 days. Weight loss was weighed every week, feed residue was weighed every day, and lipid profiles and blood glucose were measured before and after the intervention. The results showed that red beans and red beans steamed to lose weight, blood glucose, and lipid profiles were significant (p <0.05). Steam red beans have anti-obesity, anti-diabetic and antihiperlipidemia effects that are more effective in improving the condition of metabolic syndrome than the fermentation of red beans.","PeriodicalId":153770,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Science &amp; Technoledge","volume":"99 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127107021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Online Change of Grade Attack Using SQL Injection Case Study: FUTA Cyber Security Department","authors":"Julianah F. Amos, Boniface K. Alese, Olumide Obe, Otasowie Owolafe, Ayorinde O. Idowu","doi":"10.24940/theijst/2023/v11/i4/st2304-002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24940/theijst/2023/v11/i4/st2304-002","url":null,"abstract":"Advancement in technology has made many universities to adopt the system of storing students' results in online databases in both developed and developing countries for easy accessibility and to eliminate redundancy. However, these are subject to different types of attacks ranging from hardware to software attacks. In Federal University of Technology Akure (FUTA), Cyber Security department is not left out because attackers contribute a potential threat to the institution's information security. There are various methods attackers can use to carry out this malicious act, but this research considered SQL injection attacks. The researcher reviews related works, designs and implements student database applications for FUTA Cyber Security department. The research demonstrates how SQL injection can be used to change student grades and preventive measures to minimize SQL injection attacks, such as avoiding sharing database accounts using different sites or applications, regular updates of database software, regular update of security patches and passwords and regular scanning of web applications with a web vulnerability scanner.","PeriodicalId":153770,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Science &amp; Technoledge","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127210076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Land Use within Watershed Boundary on the Types of Microplastics Observed in Surface Water","authors":"Dionisius Andhika Putra, Rachmadhi Purwana, Dwi Nowo Martono","doi":"10.24940/theijst/2023/v11/i3/st2303-002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24940/theijst/2023/v11/i3/st2303-002","url":null,"abstract":"Due to exposure to their chemical components, microplastics (<5mm) are byproducts of plastic degradation that can be harmful to the environment and human health. Microplastics, one of which is in the watershed, will be present due to human activity-related irresponsible discharge of plastic waste into the environment. The watershed's use of the land has an impact as well. This research aims to analyze how different land use patterns affect the types of microplastics that have been observed. This research's methodology is quantitative and includes techniques for spatial, statistical, and chemical analysis. In the Ciujung watershed, polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), and polyester microplastics were observed according to the study's findings. The type of microplastic observed was likely brought on by local activities. On agricultural land, plantations, and settlements, fertilization, irrigation, and other human activities may contribute to microplastic contamination. The vast amount of plastic bags and bottles that are left behind are either immediately dumped into the Ciujung Watershed by the locals or carried away by the flow of activities on the land, where they eventually degrade into microplastics.","PeriodicalId":153770,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Science &amp; Technoledge","volume":"66 3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128020744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of the Mutagenic and Cytotoxic Ability of Azanza Garckeana (F.Hoffm), Using Allium Cepa (L) Assay","authors":"Waja Samuel, M.M. Malgwi, S.Y Simon","doi":"10.24940/theijst/2023/v11/i3/st2303-003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24940/theijst/2023/v11/i3/st2303-003","url":null,"abstract":"The study on the assessment of the mutagenic and cytotoxic ability of Azanza garckeana leaf and fruit extracts on the root tip of Allium cepa was evaluated; aqueous leaf and fruit extract of A. garckeana were collected and dried, and pounded into powder. For the root growth inhibition and cytological analysis, four concentrations of each extract, viz: 5g,10g, 15g, and 20g, including positive and negative control, were considered, and the result was determined for each extract using a graph to indicate the maximum and minimum EC50 (Effective concentration). The EC ranged from 10 g/ml with a root length of 3 cm for A. garckeana leaf extracts, 10g/ml with a root length of 2.5 cm for A. garckeana fruits extracts, A range of chromosomal aberrations such as polyploidy, dissolution, vagrant metaphase, binucleate, laggard, nuclear lesion, fragmentation, chromosome gap, anaphase bridge, micronuclei, unequal separation, were observed in all the plant’s extracts. Statistically, the chromosomal aberrations observed in the root tip cells of A. cepa treated with the leaf extracts of A. garckeana shows that 10g is statistically significantly different from 5g (P = 0.026) and negative control, 15g is significantly different from 5g (P = 0.000) and 10g (P = 0.026). However, as the concentration increased to 20g, there was a significant difference in the percentage of aberrations from 5g (P =0.0000) to 10g (P = 0.005), but not significantly different from 15g (P =0.0553). Whereas fruit extract shows that 10g is higher than 5g but has no statistical significance (P =0.101). 15g is significantly different from 5g (P =0.101) but not significantly different from 10g (P =0.055), 20g (P =0.331), and positive control (P =0.845). As the concentrations of the plant extracts increased to 10%, 15%, and 20%, there was a progressive increase in the percentage of aberrant cells and a decrease in the number of dividing cells, suggesting that low concentrations of A. garckeana extracts should be used in traditional medicine production.","PeriodicalId":153770,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Science &amp; Technoledge","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128754340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Depositional Facies and Petrophysical Parameters on the Estimated Hydrocarbon-in-place Volume of a Producing Field in the Niger Delta Basin, Nigeria","authors":"Obidike, Christy Chinonye, Chiazor, Fortune Ijeoma, Ugwueze, Charles Ugwu","doi":"10.24940/theijst/2023/v11/i3/st2303-005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24940/theijst/2023/v11/i3/st2303-005","url":null,"abstract":"The need to identify the major parameter with an overwhelming impact on estimated hydrocarbon volume has been a challenge for stakeholders in the oil and gas industry. To address this challenge, an investigation of the impact of depositional facies and petrophysical parameters on estimated oil volume was carried out on an oil field located within the Niger Delta using 3D geologic models. Different modeling techniques were employed in the study; each technique produced an estimated volume of hydrocarbon. Uncertainty analysis was carried out based on Facies and their petrophysical parameters by varying each parameter at a time while repeating the volumetric estimation to check their impact on the estimated volume. Thereafter, sensitivity was run on the parameters to determine the parameter with the most impact Three lithofacies; clean sand, shaly sand, and shale, and three sands bodies; D_1000, D_2000, and D_3000 were identified using the available gamma ray log. Results from the Petrophysical evaluation showed that the average porosity values of the reservoirs ranged between 0.20% and 0.225%, while average water saturation for the three reservoirs ranged from 21% to 40%, respectively. The major fault that cuts through the reservoirs may have caused the disappearance of reservoir D_3000 in wells X-002 and X-014. Reservoir D_3000 has the largest accumulation of about 952 MMSTB, while reservoir D_1000 gave the least accumulation of about 727MMSTB. Interestingly, the three reservoirs in this study presented porosity as the parameter with the biggest influence on the estimated hydrocarbon-in-place volume.","PeriodicalId":153770,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Science &amp; Technoledge","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130656621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modification of Eco-Friendly Collapsible Crab Pot of Blue Swimming Crab in Pangkep Regency, Indonesia","authors":"Widodo Basuki, Sultan Alam, Salman, Patang","doi":"10.24940/theijst/2023/v11/i3/st2303-008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24940/theijst/2023/v11/i3/st2303-008","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study is to determine the effect of mesh size on the catches of small crab (Portunus sp.) both in number, carapace length (CL), and catchability between modified and control collapsible crab pot. This study used mesh size of the wrapping net (PE) from 2.5 cm (± 1 inch) to 7.0 cm (± 2.5 inches) with 20 units and 20 repetitions (trips). The results showed that different mesh size has a significant effect on the catch of the pot. However, the catch of a 2.5-inch mesh size- showed a larger carapace length = 42 individuals (85.7 %), while the escaped number was 44 individuals (63.7%) in the unfeasible category catch while the remaining 25 samples (36.2%) are eligible to catch. The Anova test on the catch of crab pot with a mesh size of 2.5 inches and 1 inch based on CL showed F-count > F_table (54.213 > 3.016) or sig. value <0.05 (0.00<0.05) which means that the size of the crab pot had a significant effect on CL. This identified that the size of the collapsible crab pot with a mesh size of 2.5 inches could pass small crabs and can only catch large crabs.","PeriodicalId":153770,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Science &amp; Technoledge","volume":"159 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123019222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}