Pediatric Sciences Journal最新文献

{"title":"Thalassemia...Who is to be screened?","authors":"Niveen Salama, Omnia Y. Abd El Dayem, Doaa Shaltout, M. Nassim","doi":"10.21608/cupsj.2023.238929.1106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/cupsj.2023.238929.1106","url":null,"abstract":": Background: Thalassemia carrier rate in Egypt is as high as 9-10%. The first step to eradicate thalassemia is to define population at risk. Aim of the work: to define the high risk population to be screened for thalassemia. Subjects and Methods: This observational cross-sectional study included children aged between 1 and 16 years presenting with microcytic anemia to Cairo university Children Hospitals from the period between March and September 2022. Children with hemoglobin <10mg/dL and mean red blood corpuscle volume (MCV) <70fl were included in the study. Complete blood count, serum ferritin, and hemoglobin electrophoresis were done. Results : Out of a total of 180 patients, 120 patients (66.7%) had iron deficiency anemia, 2 patients (1.1%) had alpha thalassemia, and 14 patients (7.7%) had beta thalassemia, 14 (7.7%) patients had thalassemia trait, 3 (1.67%) had sickle thalassemia, 7 (3.88%) had combined iron deficiency anemia (IDA) and thalassemia, and 20 (11.1%) required further investigations. Patients were divided according to MCV into 3 groups MCV<60, 60-65, >65. There was no significant difference in the diagnosis between the three groups. Conclusion : 22 % of children with MCV < 70 fl were found to have an inherited hemolytic anemia. Children with MCV <70 should be screened for thalassemia.","PeriodicalId":153483,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Sciences Journal","volume":"BC-19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139259250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extra-testicular Intra-scrotal Median Raphe Epidermoid Cyst Mimicking Polyorchidism in a Child","authors":"Alaa Obeida, H. Taher, B. Magdy, Moustafa Gad, Amjad Nayef, Sherifa Tawfik, Mohannad Ahmed, Abdullah Amr, M. Elbarbary, M. Kotb, Saadat Ahmed, K. Abdullateef","doi":"10.21608/cupsj.2023.212172.1094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/cupsj.2023.212172.1094","url":null,"abstract":": Epidermoid cysts are encapsulated sebaceous cysts that contain keratin. They present at any age, yet they are commoner in adults. They mainly affect face, neck, trunk and to a lesser extent groin, but can potentially arise as a subepidermal nodule anywhere on the body. They develop from the follicular infundibulum, and are different from dermoid cysts as epidermoid cysts do not contain other adnexal structures of embryonic origin. Epidermoid cysts are mostly silent but can rupture, get inflamed, become infected or develop daughter cysts. Very rarely epidermoid cysts develop in proximity to testicles. They can be mistaken for a testicular tumor. The pre-operative diagnosis is essential to avoid unindicated testicular surgery. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is vital for diagnosis. We report a 6-year-old child with a long standing painless scrotal swelling thought by the parents to be polyorchidism. They were alarmed by its recent rapid growth. By examination it was a median raphe cyst. Pre-operative imaging and operative surgical removal proved it to be an inflamed epidermoid cyst. The surgery was uncomplicated and the child had an uneventful recovery. Testicular epidermoid cysts in children are exceptionally rare, yet they can present as median raphe cysts. Inflammation within the epidermoid cyst presents clinically as rapid painless growth. Clinical examination, high index of suspicion and pre-operative MRI avoid unnecessary testicular surgery.","PeriodicalId":153483,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Sciences Journal","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133963539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electric Cardiometry is not Predictive of Outcome in Full-term Newborns with Respiratory Distress: A Single Center Study","authors":"E. Elmazzahy, Salma Elhouchi, E. Khater, K. Ahmed","doi":"10.21608/cupsj.2023.214322.1096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/cupsj.2023.214322.1096","url":null,"abstract":": Background: Prompt management of respiratory distress (RD) among neonates is lifesaving. Electric cardiometry (EC) is not suitable for diagnosis, but its value in monitoring changes in cardiac parameters over time is in need of verification. Aim of the Work: To study EC hemodynamic parameters predictive ability of outcome in full-term newborns with RD. Materials and Methods: using electric cardiometry (EC) hemodynamic parameters were studied among 30 full term neonates with RD within the first 10 minutes of life and 2 hours later compared to another 30 without RD. The studied parameters were heart rate variability (HRV), cardiac output (CO), cardiac index (CI), stroke volume (SV), stroke index (SI), thoracic fluid content (TFC), stroke volume variation (SVV), index of contractility (ICON), left ventricular (LV) pre-ejection period (PEP), ejection time (ET), and systemic vascular resistance (SVR). Results: The mean ± SD gestational age of the studied group was 38.20 ± 1.19 weeks, weight was 3.03 ± 0.51 kilogram, females were 15 (50%), and males were 15 (50%) which was comparable to the control group (p=0.584), (p=0.284) and (p=0.436) respectively. The mean Apgar score was less among the RD group; at one minute it was 6 and at 5 minutes was 8 (p=0.0001) and (p=0.002). Initial HRV, CO, CI, SV, SI, TFC, SVV, ICON, LV, PEP, ET, and SVR were not different among both groups but there was a significant decrease in CI (p=0.033), HRV (p=0.030), SI (p = 0.017), and SV (p= 0.016) in the RD group after 2 hours. Those with RD, 20 (66.6%) improved and 10 (33.3%) were admitted to the neonatal intensive unit. Both groups with RD had comparable HRV, CI, CO, SV, SI, TFC, SVV, PEP, ICON, LVET, or SVR in initial and the 2 hour of life assessment (p= 0.860), (p= 0.071), (p= 0.932), (p= 0.260), (p= 0.548), (p= 0.338), (p= 0.744), (p= 0.488), (p= 0.392), (p= 0.983), (p= 0.066) respectively. Conclusion: Hemodynamic parameters assessed by electric cardiometry of full term neonates within 10 minutes of birth was not different among those with RD and those without. Electric cardiometry at 2 hours of life of those with RD was not predictive of outcome.","PeriodicalId":153483,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Sciences Journal","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116559952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Organic Acidemias: A Single Center Experience","authors":"M. Ibrahim, Marian Y. Girgis, Sara Nassar, H. Seif, S. Kamel, Mona Kamel","doi":"10.21608/cupsj.2023.218859.1098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/cupsj.2023.218859.1098","url":null,"abstract":": Background: Organic acidemias (OAs) are a group of inherited diseases with a defect of amino acid metabolism, unless treatment is initiated early in life, they cause serious central nervous system (CNS) complications as seizures, encephalopathy and others. Pre-symptomatic diagnosis is achieved within neonatal screening programs, otherwise the diagnosis is delayed and challenging. Aim of work","PeriodicalId":153483,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Sciences Journal","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123841570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perforated Appendix in Amyand Inguinal Hernia in a Neonate Presenting as Obstructed Oblique Inguinal Hernia: A Case Report and Review of Literature","authors":"K. Abdullateef, Youssef Eid, Maryam Aldaqaq, Hassan Marhoon, Sherifa Tawfik, Mohamed Fargaly, Rawan Abdelmaqsoud, M. Kotb, S. Kaddah, H. Taher","doi":"10.21608/cupsj.2023.181283.1090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/cupsj.2023.181283.1090","url":null,"abstract":": An Amyand hernia is defined as when the appendix is trapped within the sac of an inguinal hernia through a patent vaginal process. It was first described by Claudius Amyand, in 1735 during an appendectomy of a perforated appendix inside a hernial sac of an 11-year old child. Amyand hernia rare, constituting less than 1% of inguinal hernias. Amyand hernia is 3 times more likely to be diagnosed in children compared to adults due to the patency of vaginal process. Appendicitis or its perforation in Amyand hernia, complicate 0.1% of cases. Other variants include the presence of ileum, caecum or both in addition to the appendix. Isolated acute appendicitis in neonates is extremely rare, with a high mortality rate, and higher among those within Amyand hernia up to 30%. Perforated appendix in Amyand hernia is difficult to diagnose, as its clinical picture is not specific. We report a neonate 26 days old with perforated appendix in an Amyand inguinal hernia who presented by a picture of obstructed oblique inguinal hernia. He underwent emergency open inguinal exploration, herniotomy and appendicectomy. Despite the high mortality rate of Amyand hernia due to be peritoneal spread of sepsis, the boy survived complication free. Perforated appendix in Amyand hernia is exceptionally rare, and can present in the early neonatal period, its diagnosis and outcome rely on high index of suspicion and prompt surgical intervention.","PeriodicalId":153483,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Sciences Journal","volume":"208 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126014122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pattern of Auditory and Cognitive Impairment in Children with Sickle Cell Disease: Single Center Experience","authors":"I. Youssry, Amira El Shennawy, Amina Abdel Salam, Ann Nabawy, M. Hamdy, Niveen Salama","doi":"10.21608/cupsj.2023.158667.1070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/cupsj.2023.158667.1070","url":null,"abstract":": Background: The relationship between sickle cell disease (SCD), hearing and cognitive impairment is intertwined due to the vaso-occlusive, vascular insults and tissue hypoxia associated with sickle cell disease. Aim of the work: To assess the hearing ability and cognitive functions in patients with SCD. Material and methods: a cross sectional case-control study included 41 children with SCD who presented to Pediatric Hematology Clinic, Children Hospital, Cairo University. They were screened for auditory impairment using tympanometry and pure tone audiometer (PTA), they were also assessed for cognitive impairment using the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale, 4th Ed, and P300 event related auditory evoked potential. Another 41 healthy age and gender matched children were enrolled as controls for P300 data. Results: The age of the children with SCD ranged from 6-17 years (mean± SD= 10.4±3.3 year), 15 (36.6%) were males and 26 (63.4%) females. Nine (22%) had impaired hearing detected by PTA. The cognitive dysfunction was encountered in 33 (80.5%) patients with SCD. The greater impairment was observed in older patients (p=0.082), and in those with hemoglobin SS type (p<0.05). Twelve (29.3%) patients had abnormal P300 latency. P300 latency was higher (p=0.002) and amplitude was lower (p=0.008) in patients aged <10 years compared to their controls. 33 (80.5%) patients had low IQ ( ˂ 89), they had a significant lower P300 amplitude (p=0.004) but comparable latencies (p=0.3) to patients with normal IQ. Only one third of patients with low IQ had abnormal P300 values. Receiver operating (ROC) curves showed that area under the curve (AUC) of P300 latency was 0.632 indicating that overall predictability of cognitive dysfunction by P300 latency was not significant (p=0.243) and agreement between P300 latency and IQ test was low. No significant differences were found between patients with auditory dysfunction and patients who had normal hearing, regarding the IQ scoring (p=0.61), P300 latency (0.595) or amplitude (0.322). Conclusion: Both cognitive and auditory impairments were prevalent among children with SCD. IQ tests were superior to P300 in the evaluation of cognitive impairment.","PeriodicalId":153483,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Sciences Journal","volume":"28 12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125689312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical Presentation of Children with COVID-19 admitted to Pediatric Intensive Care Unit: Single Center Experience","authors":"Sara AboElnour, Mahmoud Aboelnour","doi":"10.21608/cupsj.2023.161557.1071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/cupsj.2023.161557.1071","url":null,"abstract":": Background: Coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) infection caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov-2) among children is mostly a mild disease yet it may cause life threatening direct histopathological lung injury and indirect immune dysregulation with hyperimmune response that causes multi inflammatory disease. Aim of work: to study the clinical presentation, indication of admission to pediatric intensive care unit (PICU), complications and outcome in children with COVID-19 infection. Material and Methods: Our prospective observational study included children with COVID-19 admitted to PICU of Fayoum University Hospital, Egypt between January and March 2021. Results: The study included 35 children admitted with severe SARS-Cov-2, diagnosed by CT chest and positive antibodies against SARS-CoV-2, of them 20 (57.1%) were males and 15 (42.9%) females. Their mean ± SD age was 9 ± 8 months (range: 1 month to 10 years). The symptoms were heterogeneous; with fever 29 (82.9%) and cough 29 (82.9%) being the most frequent. The indication of admission to PICU was respiratory failure in 29 patients (80%), pediatric multisystem inflammatory syndrome – temporally associated with SARS-CoV-2 (PMIS-TS) in 5 (14.2%); 3 shocked, 2 of them with Kawasaki-like syndrome and 1 patient with liver cell failure (2.9%). The frequencies of lymphopenia and thrombocytopenia were (80% and 29.4%, respectively). Inflammatory markers, D-dimer, and cardiac enzymes were elevated in 28 (80%) patients. Complications included myocarditis in 8 (22.9%) cases and vascular thrombosis in 4 (11.4%). Intravenous immunoglobulin was prescribed exclusively for myocarditis, 31 (88.6%) of the patients received steroids and 19 (54.2%) received anticoagulants. Eight (22.9%) died; 6 with respiratory failure, 1 with liver cell failure and 1 with PMIS-TS and shock. Four (11.4%) patients were discharged with impaired cardiac function following myocarditis. Thrombocytopenia was found in 7 cases (29.4%) and was associated with mortality among the patients studied (p=0.014). Conclusion : Severe COVID-19 in children presented with pulmonary and non-pulmonary affection. It was complicated by serious complications as myocarditis and vascular thrombosis. PMIS-TS clinically manifested as Kawasaki disease and/or shock syndrome. Thrombocytopenia was a risk factor of mortality in the studied patients.","PeriodicalId":153483,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Sciences Journal","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123899332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pattern of Congenital Heart Disease In Neonates Conceived In The COVID-19 Era: Single Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Experience","authors":"E. Shafie, F. Mostafa, A. El-Sisi, Amira Esmat El Tantawy, Sara Yehia, Samira Abdelmonem","doi":"10.21608/cupsj.2022.174585.1080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/cupsj.2022.174585.1080","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":153483,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Sciences Journal","volume":"80 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125148026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Children Surviving Post-Univentricular Repair: Single Center Experience","authors":"L. A. Ibrahim, F. Mostafa, B. Hanna, Noha Abd El Salam","doi":"10.21608/cupsj.2022.176792.1087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/cupsj.2022.176792.1087","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The children population who underwent single ventricle repair is growing in number with longer follow up periods and increased frequency of complications. Aim of work: To evaluate the outcome and complications post Glenn and Fontan single ventricle repair in children. Material and Methods: A retrospective study of data within files of all surviving patients post univentricular surgical repair, who were following up at Post Cardiac Interventions Clinic in Cairo University Children Hospital from October 2007 until October 2020. Results: The files of 113 patients were enrolled in the study, 93 (82.3%) of them were post Glenn operation. Their mean± SD age at the time of the operation was 1.4± 0.9years, and mean follow up duration of 8.3 ±3 years. The study included 20 (17.7%) patients post Fontan operation, with a mean age at the time of the operation of 7.82± 1.63years, and mean follow up duration of 4.75 ±0.08 years. They were 77 (68.15%) males, and 36(31.85%) females. Complications post Glenn operation were heart failure in 34(36.5%) patients, pericardial and pleural effusion in 4 (4.3%) and hypoalbuminemia in 2 (2.15%). Complications post Fontan were heart failure in 4 (20%) patients, arrhythmia in 2 (10%), and protein losing enteropathy in 2 (10%). Frequency of complications was not related to the age at the time of the Glenn and Fontan operation (p =0.793) and (p=0.079) respectively. Conclusion: Performing Glenn and Fontan at older age was not related to the frequency of complications in our patients. Heart failure was the most common complication post Glenn and Fontan operations. Level of Evidence of Study: IV (1).","PeriodicalId":153483,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Sciences Journal","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115275795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thyrotoxicosis Masquerading as Superior Mesenteric Artery Syndrome in An Adolescent","authors":"Mohamed Eid, M. Kotb, S. Salah, Salma Elhouchi","doi":"10.21608/cupsj.2022.173571.1078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/cupsj.2022.173571.1078","url":null,"abstract":": Superior mesenteric artery (SMA) syndrome is a rare condition resulting in small bowel partial or complete obstruction. The third part of the duodenum becomes compressed between the aorta and the SMA once a subject loses weight rapidly. The patients at risk of SMA syndrome are those with eating disorders, trauma and substance abuse. We present a case of a 13 - year old female that complained of jaundice 3 months earlier, of recurrent attacks of vomiting and progressive weight loss. The vomiting was bilious and non-projectile following meals, 3-4 times per day. Upon presentation her weight was below the third percentile for age, with jaundice and hepatomegaly. Hepatitis proved to be autoimmune in nature and computerized tomography (CT) angiography confirmed SMA. The weight loss that preceded the SMA proved to be due to autoimmune thyroiditis and thyrotoxicosis. Duodenojejunostomy was not performed as she responded to carbimazole and nutritional support. Vomiting was controlled within a week. Hyperthyroidism can masquerade as SMA. Search for the underlying cause of weight loss leading to SMA is essential. We support the initial trial of conservative treatment for SMA.","PeriodicalId":153483,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Sciences Journal","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116590789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}