Journal of Chemotherapy最新文献

{"title":"Successful remdesivir treatment of coronavirus OC43 pneumonia in a lung transplant recipient.","authors":"Raffaella Gallo, Lorenzo Bertolino, Fabian Patauner, Filomena Boccia, Daniela Pinto, Emanuele Durante-Mangoni","doi":"10.1080/1120009X.2025.2598939","DOIUrl":"10.1080/1120009X.2025.2598939","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lung transplantation is a well-established treatment for end-stage lung disease. Viral infections represent major infective complications after lung transplantation. Respiratory viruses can increase immune responses and the development of acute rejection. We describe the case of a 60-year-old man, who underwent bilateral lung transplantation in July 2023. He was admitted to our Unit in December 2024 for worsening shortness of breath associated to dry cough. Arterial blood gas analysis on room air showed respiratory failure. RT-PCR panel for respiratory viruses on a specimen obtained from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid came out positive for <i>Coronavirus OC43,</i> while chest CT-scan showed bilateral patchy infiltrates. Based on <i>in vitro</i> activity data, authorized off-label therapy with remdesivir was administered for 5 days Clinical conditions, together with laboratory data and arterial blood gas analysis, improved quickly. In conclusion, viral infections are a major clinical issue after lung transplant, however targeted therapy is not always possible. New treatment options are needed even to prevent complications, such as acute rejection. This clinical case suggests remdesivir could have a role in non-SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":15338,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chemotherapy","volume":" ","pages":"592-597"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145708235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy plus lenvatinib with or without PD-1 inhibition for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma: a retrospective cohort study.","authors":"Haidong Yu, Cunkai Ma, Cairang Yangdan, Haiming Yang, Xiaolei Xu","doi":"10.1080/1120009X.2026.2737018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1120009X.2026.2737018","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The benefit of adding programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) blockade to hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy (HAIC) plus lenvatinib for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma remains uncertain. This single-center retrospective cohort study included 373 patients. After propensity score matching, 107 patients treated with HAIC plus lenvatinib alone and 107 patients treated with a PD-1 inhibitor were analyzed. Outcomes included overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), tumor response, and adverse events. PD-1 therapy was associated with longer OS (median, 22.5 vs 13.8 months; adjusted hazard ratio, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.40-0.94; <i>p</i> = 0.025) and a higher objective response rate (52.3% vs 40.2%, <i>p</i> = 0.075). The adjusted PFS difference was significant (hazard ratio, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.48-0.92; <i>p</i> = 0.015). No statistically significant differences in survival were detected among sintilimab, camrelizumab, and pembrolizumab. Grade 3-4 adverse events were comparable. Adding PD-1 blockade was associated with longer OS without substantially increasing severe toxicity.</p>","PeriodicalId":15338,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chemotherapy","volume":" ","pages":"1-16"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149110224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Longitudinal acquisition and infection risk associated with multidrug-resistant organisms and <i>Candida</i> colonization in intensive care unit patients.","authors":"Ülkü Altoparlak, Hatice Erdoğan, Mine Çelik, Gülden Aksu","doi":"10.1080/1120009X.2026.2732415","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1120009X.2026.2732415","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Intensive care unit (ICU) patients are at high risk for colonization with multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs) and <i>Candida</i> species, which frequently precedes invasive infections. However, the longitudinal acquisition dynamics and time-dependent relationship between colonization and subsequent clinical infection remain incompletely defined. We conducted a prospective longitudinal cohort study including 290 adult ICU patients. Patients were followed throughout their ICU stay with serial weekly surveillance cultures. Active surveillance screened for four major organism groups: carbapenem-resistant or extended-spectrum β-lactamase (CR/ESBL)-producing Gram-negative bacteria (GNB), methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (MRSA), vancomycin-resistant <i>enterococci</i> (VRE), and <i>Candida</i> species. Prior colonization was modeled as a time-varying exposure. The association between colonization and subsequent infection was evaluated using time-dependent Cox proportional hazards models with a one-week lag period. The mean ICU length of stay was 23.4 ± 19.1 days. Overall cumulative colonization rates were 37.6% (<i>n</i> = 109) for CR/ESBL-producing GNB, 25.5% (<i>n</i> = 74) for VRE, 16.6% (<i>n</i> = 48) for <i>Candida</i> species, and 16.2% (<i>n</i> = 47) for MRSA. Although VRE was the second most common colonizer, zero clinical VRE infection events occurred during ICU follow-up, precluding its inclusion in multivariable infection risk modeling. In time-dependent Cox regression analyses, prior colonization significantly increased the hazard of subsequent clinical infection across all evaluable pathogen groups: CR/ESBL-producing GNB (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 2.89, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.82-4.59, P < 0.001), MRSA (aHR 4.02, 95% CI 1.37-11.79, P = 0.011), and <i>Candida</i> species (aHR 3.99, 95% CI 1.78-8.92, P = 0.001). Prolonged ICU stay and pre-acquisition broad-spectrum antimicrobial exposure were consistent independent predictors of colonization acquisition. Prolonged ICU stay is associated with progressive cumulative acquisition of MDRO and <i>Candida</i> colonization, which was independently associated with an increased hazard of subsequent infection. Although VRE colonization was relatively frequent, no transition to clinical infection was observed during ICU follow-up. Given the observational design of our study, this finding should be interpreted cautiously as a reflection of sample size constraints rather than a measure of infection-control efficacy.</p>","PeriodicalId":15338,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chemotherapy","volume":" ","pages":"1-15"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148955733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Circular RNAs: key regulators and mechanistic insights in breast cancer drug resistance.","authors":"Yaxuan Zhao, Xiaoyong Lei, Xiaoyan Yang","doi":"10.1080/1120009X.2026.2729966","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1120009X.2026.2729966","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women, and pharmacotherapy is the cornerstone of multidisciplinary care. However, drug resistance severely impairs therapeutic efficacy and patient prognosis. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have become a key focus in breast cancer chemoresistance due to their high stability and specific expression profiles. This review classifies circRNA functions according to breast cancer molecular subtypes, elucidating their regulatory mechanisms underlying drug resistance <i>via</i> RNA-RNA crosstalk, RNA-protein binding, and translational regulation. We systematically summarize the core signaling cascades through which circRNAs modulate downstream biological events, including drug efflux and DNA damage repair, to drive resistance, and highlight the vital function of exosomal circRNAs in propagating systemic drug resistance. We integrate existing research evidence into a comprehensive landscape of subtype-specific circRNA regulatory networks in breast cancer drug resistance.</p>","PeriodicalId":15338,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chemotherapy","volume":" ","pages":"1-23"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148930027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tumor resistance to protein kinase inhibitors.","authors":"Mridul Singh Sengar, Ajita Paliwal, Niranjan Kaushik, Shristi Singh, Pushp Kashyap, Deepika Paliwal, Sweta Negi","doi":"10.1080/1120009X.2026.2728432","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1120009X.2026.2728432","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cancer treatment is difficult, there are many issues regarding cancer treatment because Protein Kinase Inhibitors (PKIs) are unable to control tumors that are resistant to them. Resistance to drugs starts with changes in genetic code and continues with fresh changes, routes and alterations in the tumour. When treating cancer with imatinib or osimertinib, PKIs can correct faulty signals, yet patients generally become resistant swiftly and this resistance can include unpleasant side effects. Reviewing Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) T790M and BCR::ABL1 T315I mutations reveals that the important interactions and binding sites are removed or obstructed with the drug. This is how researchers design second- and third-generation drug inhibitors. In addition, the use of single-cell sequencing, CRISPR screens and liquid biopsies helps researchers and doctors to accurately fight resistance in cancer patients. For cancer treatments to succeed, systems to reduce drug costs and make them available, fresh ideas, global experts and equitable healthcare laws should be implemented.</p>","PeriodicalId":15338,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chemotherapy","volume":" ","pages":"1-15"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148930153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First-line therapy and maintenance outcomes in Chinese patients with marginal zone lymphoma: a multicenter retrospective analysis with prognostic implications for chemotherapy decision-making.","authors":"Yanyan Qiu, Yimei Weng, Xinyuan Su, Jiangrui Guo, Xiaofeng Luo, Lushan Chen, Yanbin Zheng, Hongming He, Yinzhou Wang, Meiying Lin, Yi Chen, Tingbo Liu","doi":"10.1080/1120009X.2026.2727267","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1120009X.2026.2727267","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This multicenter retrospective study evaluated first-line treatment patterns, maintenance therapy outcomes, and prognostic factors in 171 newly diagnosed marginal zone lymphoma (MZL) patients treated across multiple centers in Fujian Province, China (2019-2024). The MALT subtype predominated (79.0%), with the gastrointestinal tract and lung being the most common primary sites. The first-line overall response rate was 91.1%, with 67.3% of patients achieving complete remission. Five-year progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were 82.6% and 94.7%, respectively. Maintenance therapy, received by 66.1% of patients, was associated with superior 5-year OS (100% vs. 87.5%, P=0.0104). Multivariate analysis identified Ki-67 >20% (HR=3.208, P=0.024) and high tumor burden (HR=4.670, P=0.003) as independent negative predictors for PFS, while high tumor burden (HR=4.493, P=0.004) and B symptoms (HR=3.324, P=0.030) predicted worse OS. Chinese MZL patients demonstrated favorable outcomes, and maintenance therapy conferred a significant OS benefit. Ki-67, tumor burden, and B symptoms serve as practical prognostic indicators to inform risk stratification and personalized treatment planning.</p>","PeriodicalId":15338,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chemotherapy","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148897369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The epigenetic regulator ALKBH5 facilitates the early adaptation of hepatocellular carcinoma cells to sorafenib treatment.","authors":"Meng Li, Jiayu Wang, Shuai Fang, Lu Dai, Xilin Sun, Fei Sun, Wei Huang","doi":"10.1080/1120009X.2026.2722741","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1120009X.2026.2722741","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) frequently develops resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) like sorafenib - the first FDA-approved systemic therapy for advanced HCC - yet early resistance mechanisms remain unclear. Short-term sorafenib exposure in sensitive HCC cells induces global m⁶A reduction and rapid upregulation of the demethylase ALKBH5. High ALKBH5 expression correlates with poor prognosis in sorafenib-treated HCC patients. Functionally, ALKBH5 overexpression enhances sorafenib resistance, clonogenicity and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) by stabilizing β-catenin and activating Wnt/β-catenin signalling. Thus, ALKBH5 is a key early driver of sorafenib resistance <i>via</i> the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and may serve as both a prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target in HCC.</p>","PeriodicalId":15338,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chemotherapy","volume":" ","pages":"1-17"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148886981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical evaluation of camrelizumab combined with transarterial chemoembolization in the interventional therapy of hepatocellular carcinoma with liver cirrhosis.","authors":"Jian Chen, Mengshan Huang","doi":"10.1080/1120009X.2025.2535821","DOIUrl":"10.1080/1120009X.2025.2535821","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This retrospective study evaluated the clinical efficacy of camrelizumab combined with transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) in 120 hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients with liver cirrhosis. Based on the intervention received, patients were categorized into an observation group (OG) (<i>n</i> = 60, underwent camrelizumab combined with TACE interventional therapy) and a control group (CG) (<i>n</i> = 60, underwent camrelizumab monotherapy). The OG showed significantly higher objective response (66.67% vs. 46.67%) and disease control rates (91.67% vs. 80.00%), improved immune function (elevated CD3⁺, CD4⁺, CD4⁺/CD8⁺), better liver function (reduced TB and ALT), and reduced tumor markers (AFP, CEA) compared to the CG. One-year follow-up revealed prolonged overall survival rate and progression-free survival, along with better quality-of-life scores in the OG. These findings suggest that camrelizumab combined with TACE demonstrates definitive short-term efficacy, improved immune and liver function, better survival outcomes, and favorable safety in HCC patients with liver cirrhosis, supporting its clinical value.</p>","PeriodicalId":15338,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chemotherapy","volume":" ","pages":"491-500"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144707592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Striking effectiveness of siltuximab-based treatment in refractory idiopathic multicentric Castleman disease resembling IgG4-related disease.","authors":"Xing Gong, Weiwei Yan, Feng Zhang, Dongdong Zhang","doi":"10.1080/1120009X.2025.2542615","DOIUrl":"10.1080/1120009X.2025.2542615","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Castleman disease (CD) and immunoglobulin G4-related disease (IgG4-RD) are rare systemic immune-mediated disorders that share similar clinical manifestations and overlapping pathological features. We present a case of insidious idiopathic multicentric CD (iMCD) with elevated serum IgG4 levels, characterized by a persistent dry cough and widespread lymphadenopathy. A 38-year-old male patient exhibited persistent dry cough, generalized lymphadenopathy, and fatigue. An inguinal lymph node biopsy showed plasma cell-type MCD characteristics, such as atrophic lymphoid follicles and significant plasma cell infiltration. Immunohistochemical staining revealed positivity for IgG, CD38, and CD138, with over 50 IgG4-positive plasma cells per high-power field and an IgG4/IgG ratio of 40%, confirming the diagnosis of the idiopathic plasmacytic lymphadenopathy (IPL) subtype of multicentric Castleman disease (iMCD-IPL). After receiving a siltuximab-based regimen followed by radiotherapy, the patient achieved a notable partial remission. We present a case illustrating the significant efficacy of siltuximab-based therapy in iMCD-IPL, resembling IgG4-related disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":15338,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chemotherapy","volume":" ","pages":"506-513"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144789280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic landscape and therapeutic evolution of cyclophosphamide: spotlight on breast cancer.","authors":"Jiaoyan Cao, Xin Xu, Tao Lu, Sehrish Zaffar, Faiza Naseer, Qin Huang","doi":"10.1080/1120009X.2025.2583541","DOIUrl":"10.1080/1120009X.2025.2583541","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cyclophosphamide is a chemotherapeutic agent widely used in breast cancer management. As a prodrug, its therapeutic efficacy and toxicity are profoundly influenced by host genetic variations that govern its metabolism, detoxification, DNA repair, and cellular transport mechanisms. This review examines pharmacogenomic landscape of cyclophosphamide in breast cancer, with focus on key genes and polymorphisms. A comprehensive literature review was conducted to identify genetic variants affecting cyclophosphamide metabolism (CYP2B6, CYP3A4, CYP3A5, CYP2C9, and CYP2C19), detoxification (ALDH1A1, GSTM1, GSTT1, and GSTP1), DNA repair (XRCC1, ERCC1, ERCC2, and MGMT), and transport (ABCB1 and SLCO1B1). Clinical correlations with drug response and adverse effects were analyzed. Polymorphisms in CYP2B6 (6, 9) and CYP3A5 (3) significantly alter activation and systemic exposure. Null variants in GSTM1 and GSTT1 are linked to increased drug toxicity due to impaired detoxification. DNA repair gene variants, such as XRCC1 Arg399Gln and ERCC2 Lys751Gln, influence treatment response and risk of side effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":15338,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chemotherapy","volume":" ","pages":"432-446"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145534541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}