Journal of Child Neurology最新文献

{"title":"A Wolf in Metabolic Clothing: Familial HLH Mimicking a Neurometabolic Disorder.","authors":"Shubham Raj, Sanjhi Paliwal, Aniket Chhapariya, Sameer Vyas, Anju Gupta, Arushi Gahlot Saini","doi":"10.1177/08830738261425439","DOIUrl":"10.1177/08830738261425439","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15319,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Child Neurology","volume":" ","pages":"1011-1013"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147432940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Counseling Preferences of Expectant Parents With a Fetal Neurologic Diagnosis: A Scoping Review of the Literature.","authors":"Natalie K Field, Suepriya Adhikari, Saisha Dhar, Katelyn Young, Kathryn S Cain, Samantha Kaplan, Charu Venkatesan, Dawn Gano, Sonika Agarwal, Sarahn Wheeler, Jeffrey B Russ, Monica E Lemmon","doi":"10.1177/08830738261416614","DOIUrl":"10.1177/08830738261416614","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Diagnosis and management of fetal neurologic conditions is evolving rapidly. This scoping review aims to synthesize existing literature characterizing parental preferences for fetal neurologic counseling. A literature search and screening of MEDLINE, Embase, and Web of Science databases resulted in 21 eligible articles. The most common fetal neurologic conditions studied included myelomeningocele (n = 6), anencephaly (n = 4), and Zika-related microcephaly (n = 3). Across conditions, parents valued receiving balanced prognostic information, support in decision making, and empathy from the care team. Findings also demonstrate unique counseling considerations for prenatal diagnosis families of myelomeningocele, the importance of recognizing the meaning of their pregnancy and fetus for families of children with anencephaly and holoprosencephaly, and early information needs for those with prenatally diagnosed Zika-related microcephaly. Future work should prioritize characterizing understudied perspectives in fetal counseling and defining the ways in which counseling impacts parental experience and well-being, as well as patient decision making for pregnancy and delivery management.</p>","PeriodicalId":15319,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Child Neurology","volume":" ","pages":"1038-1058"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147512390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Radiation Necrosis in Pediatric Proton Therapy for Central Nervous System Tumors: Current Evidence and Future Directions.","authors":"Taha Kassim Dohadwala, Soumiya Nadar, Arusha Ayub, Hasnain Wajeeh Saqib, Muhammad Daniyal, Lika Khorbaladze","doi":"10.1177/08830738261435152","DOIUrl":"10.1177/08830738261435152","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Radiation necrosis (RN) is a clinically significant late complication of central nervous system irradiation in pediatric patients. With the increasing use of proton beam therapy (PBT) to reduce normal-tissue exposure, understanding RN risk factors, imaging evaluation, and management has become crucial. Reported incidence of RN following pediatric PBT varies considerably across studies and appears influenced by tumor characteristics, dose-volume parameters, and duration of follow-up. Elevated linear energy transfer (LET) and variable relative biological effectiveness at the distal beam edge may confer a unique risk compared with photon therapy. Additional risk factors include younger age, concurrent chemotherapy, and higher peritumoral white-matter dose. Advanced magnetic resonance imaging, including perfusion, diffusion, and spectroscopy, improves differentiation of RN from progression but lacks perfect accuracy. Management strategies include corticosteroids, bevacizumab, hyperbaric oxygen, and surgery for refractory cases. Incorporating LET-aware planning, vigilant imaging surveillance, and prospective multicenter studies with radiogenomic profiling should be prioritized to improve risk prediction and optimize management. Understanding RN in the context of pediatric PBT is essential to balance tumor control with preservation of neurocognitive function and long-term quality-of-life.</p>","PeriodicalId":15319,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Child Neurology","volume":" ","pages":"1059-1069"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147627930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Birmingham, 1963.","authors":"Alison Christy","doi":"10.1177/08830738261457183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08830738261457183","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15319,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Child Neurology","volume":"41 7","pages":"931-932"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148375904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Continuing Ketogenic Diet Therapy in Setting of Hypercalcemia.","authors":"Leslie Sarabia, Abby Wetzel, Jackson Sawyer, Sofia Giannini, Erik Imel, Sarah Isis Delima","doi":"10.1177/08830738261464415","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08830738261464415","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>ObjectiveHypercalcemia is an uncommon, serious adverse effect of ketogenic diet therapy (KDT). This case highlights the management of hypercalcemia without discontinuing KDT.MethodsOur case study involves a retrospective chart analysis of one patient who developed hypercalcemia during KDT for seizure management.ResultsA 16-year-old male patient with cerebral palsy and intractable epilepsy acutely developed hypercalcemia after receiving KDT for 5 years. Despite hydration and discontinuation of calcium supplementation, hypercalcemia persisted. He was treated with pamidronate 0.3 mg/kg (dose renally adjusted) followed by 0.03 mg/kg intravenous zoledronate with reduction in serum calcium levels. KDT was continued.ConclusionsStandardized guidelines for managing hypercalcemia in adolescent patients with chronic KDT do not exist. More research is needed to guide management and monitoring while preserving seizure control with KDT.</p>","PeriodicalId":15319,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Child Neurology","volume":" ","pages":"8830738261464415"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148620203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impact of Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder on Clinical Measures and Outcomes Following Concussion in Adolescent Athletes.","authors":"Ashna Shah, Joshua A Beitchman, Cheryl H Silver, Jane S Chung, Jacob C Jones, Shane M Miller, C Munro Cullum, Mathew A Stokes","doi":"10.1177/08830738261467646","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08830738261467646","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Adolescent athletes with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have a higher prevalence of concussion history, and ADHD symptoms may complicate post-concussion neurocognitive test interpretation. This study compared post-concussion testing results in adolescents with and without ADHD. Athletes (10-18 years) from the North Texas Concussion Registry (2015-2024) were categorized as ADHD-only or No-ADHD (no learning disorders or ADHD). Post-concussion testing included ImPACT and King-Devick at initial visit, and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), Patient Health Questionnaire-8 (PHQ-8), and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) at initial visit and 3-month follow-up. Groups were compared using Mann-Whitney <i>U</i> tests and longitudinal data were compared using paired Student <i>t</i> tests (<i>P</i> < .05). A total of 1518 athletes were included (155 ADHD; 46.6% female). No differences were found in primary ImPACT cognitive domains or King Devick testing scores between groups. ADHD-only athletes had higher GAD-7 and PHQ-8 scores (μ = 4.24, μ = 5.46) than no-ADHD athletes (μ = 3.37, μ = 4.36) (<i>P</i> < .05) at initial visit, but no differences were observed at 3 months. Recognizing affective symptoms after concussion in athletes with ADHD is important for clinical intervention.</p>","PeriodicalId":15319,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Child Neurology","volume":" ","pages":"8830738261467646"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148603418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical Efficacy and Brain Volumetric Changes in Pediatric-Onset Multiple Sclerosis Under Teriflunomide Treatment.","authors":"Zeynep Öztürk, Merve Yazol, Huriye Çetin, Esra Serdaroğlu, Ebru Arhan, Tuğba Hirfanoğlu, Kıvılcım Gücüyener, Öznur Leman Boyunağa, Ercan Demir","doi":"10.1177/08830738261468466","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08830738261468466","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BackgroundBrain volumetric imaging provides important insights into neuroaxonal injury in pediatric-onset multiple sclerosis (POMS), beyond conventional clinical measures of disease activity.ObjectiveTo evaluate the longitudinal brain volume changes in POMS patients treated with teriflunomide from disease onset, and to explore their associations with clinical outcomes, including annualized relapse rate (ARR) and Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) scores.MethodsThis retrospective longitudinal study included treatment-naïve POMS patients with standardized 1.5-tesla (T) brain MRIs at baseline and 24-month follow-up. Brain volumes were quantified using fully automated volBrain software. Clinical measures included ARR and EDSS scores.ResultsSixteen patients (median age: 15 years; 62.5% female) were included. All patients received teriflunomide as a first-line therapy. Over the 24-month follow-up, the mean ARR decreased from 2.1 to 0.53 and the median EDSS remained stable. Significant reductions were observed in total brain volume (<i>P</i> = .02), as well as in regional structures including the thalamus (<i>P</i> = .02), total gray matter (<i>P</i> = .01), amygdala (<i>P</i> = .02), and limbic cortex (<i>P</i> = .004).ConclusionsIn this real-world cohort of POMS patients treated with teriflunomide, measurable brain volume loss was observed over a 24-month period despite a reduction in relapse activity and stable EDSS scores. These findings provide exploratory evidence of longitudinal volumetric change in a teriflunomide-treated POMS cohort despite residual clinical disease activity. Given the limitations of the study design, including the absence of a control group, these results should be interpreted cautiously and warrant confirmation in larger, controlled longitudinal studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":15319,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Child Neurology","volume":" ","pages":"8830738261468466"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148603444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Behavioural Co-morbidities in Children With Epilepsy Using Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire: A Case-Control Study From Central India.","authors":"Shubham Kamble, Anuragsingh Chandel, Varsha Chauhan, Smita Jategaonkar, Manish Jain","doi":"10.1177/08830738261467648","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08830738261467648","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BackgroundChildhood epilepsy carries a profound, often overlooked burden of behavioural comorbidities, particularly in resource-limited settings where these hidden challenges remain poorly characterized.MethodsThis observational case-control study from central rural India enrolled 126 children (aged 2-13 years): 63 with epilepsy and 63 healthy controls. Behavioural domains were quantified using the validated parent-reported Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ).ResultsChildren with epilepsy (CWE) exhibited a striking increase in behavioural issues post-onset (49.2%) vs their pre-onset baseline (17.5%; <i>P</i> = .0001). Compared to controls, CWE had significantly elevated high-risk scores (<i>P</i> < .001) for conduct problems, hyperactivity, peer problems, and total difficulties. Interestingly, emotional symptoms showed no significant difference.ConclusionThe substantial neuro-behavioural burden in CWE necessitates a critical shift toward integrated care. Routine SDQ screening is vital for early detection and psychiatric management especially in resource-limited regions.</p>","PeriodicalId":15319,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Child Neurology","volume":" ","pages":"8830738261467648"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148603416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early Gray Matter Volume Changes in Pediatric Anti-NMDA Receptor Encephalitis: A Voxel-Based Morphometry Analysis.","authors":"Pradeep Javarayee, Daniel Ackom, Janine Taitt-Tap, Alyssa Jobe, Ricardo Vega, Brian D Schmit, Lileth Mondok, Scott A Beardsley","doi":"10.1177/08830738261469349","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08830738261469349","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>IntroductionPediatric anti-<i>N</i>-methyl-d-aspartate (anti-NMDAR) encephalitis often shows normal or nonspecific findings on conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at clinical review despite substantial neurologic and psychiatric morbidity. Although adult neuroimaging studies suggest widespread structural brain involvement, comparable pediatric data remain limited.ObjectiveTo characterize regional gray matter volume (GMV) abnormalities in pediatric anti-NMDAR encephalitis using whole-brain voxel-based morphometry (VBM) and examine associations between GMV and clinical markers of disease burden and outcome.MethodsWe performed a retrospective cross-sectional study of 12 pediatric patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis and 36 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Pretreatment structural MRI was analyzed using whole-brain VBM (SPM25 with DARTEL normalization). Voxel-wise group comparisons were adjusted for age, sex, scanner batch and total intracranial volume, with cluster-level family-wise error correction at <i>P</i> < .05. Mean GMV from significant clusters was correlated with symptom-onset-to-MRI interval, cerebrospinal fluid white blood cell count, and 1-year modified Rankin Scale (mRS) outcome.ResultsPatients showed significant regional GMV reductions vs controls, with the largest cluster in the left calcarine fissure and surrounding cortex. Additional reductions involved the left precentral gyrus, left fusiform gyrus, left middle frontal gyrus, right medial orbital/superior frontal gyrus, and right postcentral gyrus. Symptom-onset-to-MRI interval was not associated with regional GMV. Left middle frontal gyrus GMV correlated with cerebrospinal fluid white blood cell count and worse 1-year mRS, although these associations may have been influenced by outliers.ConclusionsVBM identified early regional GMV abnormalities on pretreatment MRI in children with anti-NMDAR encephalitis. These findings are hypothesis-generating and require validation in larger prospective cohorts.</p>","PeriodicalId":15319,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Child Neurology","volume":" ","pages":"8830738261469349"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148603422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"When a Little Wrist Raises big Questions: A Case of Idiopathic Pediatric Carpal Tunnel Syndrome.","authors":"Corentin Stavart, Stéphanie Moortgat, Christine Galant, Olivier Barbier, Thierry Deltombe, Eddy Bodart","doi":"10.1177/08830738261467627","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08830738261467627","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BackgroundCarpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is the most common peripheral neuropathy in adults but is rarely encountered in children. Pediatric CTS is usually secondary to specific underlying conditions, contrasting with the largely multifactorial nature of adult cases.Case presentationWe report the case of a right-handed 11-year-old girl who developed CTS. Extensive investigations including imaging, metabolic and genetic testing, as well as histopathologic and electroneuromyography analysis, excluded metabolic, anatomical, tumoral, and traumatic causes, leading to the diagnosis of an idiopathic form. After surgery, ultrasonography confirmed a complete decompression whereas EMG was improved but remained persistently abnormal. The patient was clinically improved but still had slight residual paresthesia.ConclusionThis case underlines the diagnostic and etiologic workup of CTS in children. Early recognition is essential to prevent irreversible median nerve damage and to uncover potential systemic underlying causes. A multidisciplinary approach, combining detailed family and medical history, clinical examination, imaging, electrophysiology, and targeted metabolic and genetic testing, is fundamental to ensure accurate diagnosis, comprehensive care, and improved outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":15319,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Child Neurology","volume":" ","pages":"8830738261467627"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148603497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}