Journal of Avian Biology最新文献

{"title":"Oxidative state is associated with migration distance, but not traits linked to flight energetics","authors":"Péter László Pap,&nbsp;Orsolya Vincze,&nbsp;Csongor I. Vágási","doi":"10.1111/jav.03325","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jav.03325","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Flight can be highly energy demanding, but its efficiency depends largely on flight style, wing shape and wing loading, and a range of morphological and lifestyle adaptations that can modify the cost of sustained flight. Such behavioural and morphological adaptations can also influence the physiological costs associated with migration. For instance, during intense flight and catabolism of reserves, lipid damage induced by pro-oxidants increases, and to keep oxidative physiological homeostasis under control, the antioxidant machinery can be upregulated. Studies on the oxidative physiology of endurance flight have produced contradictory results, making generalization difficult, especially because multispecies studies are missing. Therefore, to explore the oxidative cost of flight and migration, we used samples collected during the breeding season from 113 European bird species and explored the associations of measures of antioxidant capacity (total antioxidant status, uric acid and glutathione concentration) and oxidative damage of lipids (malondialdehyde) with variables reflecting flight energetics (year-round or specifically during migration) using a phylogenetic framework. We found that none of the traits predicting year-round flight energy expenditure (flight style, wing morphology and flight muscle morphology) explained any measures of oxidative state. Our results suggest that birds endure their everyday flight exercise without or with low oxidative cost. However, oxidative damage to lipids and one component of the endogenous antioxidant system (uric acid), measured after the end of spring migration on breeding adult birds, increased with migration distance. Our results suggest that migration could have oxidative consequences that might be carried over to subsequent life-history stages (breeding).</p>","PeriodicalId":15278,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Avian Biology","volume":"2025 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jav.03325","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143595468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Did you learn what to eat from your parents? A test of the early learning of the foraging niche hypothesis in great tits Parus major","authors":"Marta Olivé-Muñiz,&nbsp;Emilio Pagani-Núñez,&nbsp;Maria Kretzmann,&nbsp;Juan Carlos Senar","doi":"10.1111/jav.03335","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jav.03335","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A growing number of studies suggest that individuals can develop long-term foraging specializations independently of phenotypic or environmental variation, yet little is known about how the foraging niche is acquired. The early learning of the foraging niche hypothesis suggests a key role of vertical cultural transmission in shaping the foraging niche of vertebrates. In birds, direct evidence from natural conditions is limited to a single study that cross-fostered two related species. To date, no study has tested whether the diet received as an offspring determines the diet delivered as a parent within a single species. We tested the early learning of the foraging niche hypothesis using a Mediterranean population of great tits <i>Parus major</i>, which show great diet variability and moderate consistency in the diet they provide to their offspring across years. To do this, we recorded prey delivered to 9–14 day-old chicks over twelve years. Then we assessed vertical transmission of dietary specialization using data (percentage of caterpillars, spiders, and other prey types, as well as mean prey size) from individuals recorded as a chick and as an adult. We standardised the data to control for environmental factors and ran a Linear Model for each prey type to measure individuals' consistency within the group (relative consistency), correlating the diet they received as a chick and the one they provided to their own chicks at the adult stage. The correlations between the diet received as a chick and the diet provided as a parent were either not significant or negative. Hence, although individuals showed relatively consistent foraging niches across years regarding their parental provisioning behaviour, these diet preferences were not correlated to the diet they received in the nest. Further research is needed to determine whether the foraging niche is acquired during the post-fledgling stage.</p>","PeriodicalId":15278,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Avian Biology","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jav.03335","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143253017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fuel stores and time of day account for variation in serum metabolomes of passerine migrants stopping over","authors":"Sean V. Zimin,&nbsp;Anna Zimin,&nbsp;Eyal Shochat,&nbsp;Yariv Brotman,&nbsp;Ofer Ovadia","doi":"10.1111/jav.03311","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jav.03311","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Migratory birds excel in phenotypic flexibility, adapting physiologically as their life histories and environments require. Discerning the metabolic processes underlying migrants' physiology, an emergent property of multiple continuous and dynamic organism–environment interactions, is therefore challenging, particularly under natural conditions. Accordingly, analyses of snapshot-sampled serum-circulating metabolites, versatile and readily applicable for migrating birds, have increasingly become the method of choice for such physiologic inference. However, the atemporal nature of single sampling might obscure the links between observed metabolite concentrations and the processes producing them, necessitating an analytical decoupling of focal processes from their broader biochemical background.</p><p>In the present study, we examined how variation in combined fat and muscle fuel stores, traits pivotal in migratory context, relates to the serum-circulating metabolomes of spring-migrating Eurasian blackcaps stopping-over. Our analyses accounted for potential spatiotemporal influences in the form of time past night's fasting and random local conditions across three sites within the Negev Desert. We shifted the focus from compound-level analysis of preselected metabolites towards the level of inclusive metabolome, quantifying serum-circulating lipophilic and polar molecules via UHPLC–MS/MS untargeted metabolomic technique.</p><p>Our results indicated a general relationship between fuel stores and the metabolome, comprising 16 326 lipophilic and 6923 polar compounds, among which 918 and 44 were annotated, respectively. By applying generalized latent-variable linear modeling (GLLVM) upon concentrations of annotated metabolites, we identified several candidate biomarkers, some novel in migratory context, notably the fuel-associated increase in serum ceramides likely derived from circulating very low-density lipoproteins (VLDLs). Relying on estimated metabolite links with fuel and foraging time and on modeled residual covariations among metabolites, we demonstrate fuel–metabolite associations generally consistent with higher fat- and lower protein mobilization in birds having greater stores and with decreased fuel utilization as ingested nutrients accumulate over time, thus introducing a novel approach for the physiological study of migrating birds.</p>","PeriodicalId":15278,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Avian Biology","volume":"2025 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jav.03311","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142223083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrating adverse effects of triazole fungicides on reproduction and physiology of farmland birds","authors":"Jéssica Jiménez-Peñuela,&nbsp;Claudia Santamaría-Cervantes,&nbsp;Elena Fernández-Vizcaíno,&nbsp;Rafael Mateo,&nbsp;Manuel Eloy Ortiz-Santaliestra","doi":"10.1111/jav.03313","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jav.03313","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The extensive use of pesticides has been recognized as one of the major factors negatively impacting birds in agricultural habitats. One of the pesticide groups most used worldwide are triazole fungicides due to their effectiveness in controlling phytopathogenic fungi in cereals, vineyards and orchards. In the last decades, different experimental studies have reported important negative effects on the health and fitness of birds after exposure to triazoles. Birds can be exposed throughout the year through different routes, including oral uptake, dermal contact with treated surfaces and inhalation by overspray. Yet, the ingestion of treated or sprayed material is the principal route. The most alarming effect of triazoles, which can even occur several months after cessation of the exposure, is the decreasing reproductive outputs of birds, including delay in the onset of laying dates, reduced clutch size and hatching rate, and increased mortality of chicks. In order to synthesize the data and knowledge about the toxic effects of triazoles at different levels of biological organization, here we propose an dverse outcome pathway (AOP) on the mechanisms by which triazoles can affect avian reproduction and physiology. The reported effects highlight that the current risk assessment needs some improvements to avoid undesired effects on birds, especially long-term effects that can influence stability and viability of avian populations from agricultural habitats.</p>","PeriodicalId":15278,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Avian Biology","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jav.03313","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142223066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic and phenotypic differentiation in Thamnophilus ruficapillus, a Neotropical passerine with disjunct distribution in the Andean and Atlantic forests","authors":"Belén Bukowski,&nbsp;Leonardo Campagna,&nbsp;Gustavo S. Cabanne,&nbsp;Pablo L. Tubaro,&nbsp;Darío A. Lijtmaer","doi":"10.1111/jav.03293","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jav.03293","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The Andean and Atlantic forests are separated by the open vegetation corridor, which acts as a geographic barrier. However, these forests experienced cycles of connection and isolation in the past, which shaped the phylogeographic patterns of their biotas. We analysed the evolutionary history of the rufous-capped antshrike <i>Thamnophilus ruficapillus</i>, a species with a disjunct distribution in the Atlantic and Andean forests and thus an appropriate model to study the effect of the open vegetation corridor and the Andes on the diversification of the Neotropical avifauna. We performed a phylogenetic/phylogeographic analysis, including the five subspecies, using mitochondrial and nuclear genomic DNA, and studied their differences in vocalizations and plumage coloration. Both the mitochondrial and nuclear DNA evidenced a marked phylogeographic structure with three differentiated lineages that diverged without signs of gene flow in the Pleistocene (1.0–1.7 million years ago): one in the Atlantic Forest and two in the Andean forest. However, the two Andean lineages do not coincide with the two disjunct areas of distribution of the species in the Andes. Vocalizations were significantly different between most subspecies, but their pattern of differentiation was discordant with that of the nuclear and mitochondrial DNA. In fact, we did not find song differentiation between the subspecies of the Atlantic Forest and that of the northwestern Bolivian Andes, even though they differ genetically and belong to different lineages. Consistently, no differences were found in plumage coloration between the subspecies of the Atlantic Forest and that of the southern Andes. Our results suggest a complex evolutionary history in this species, which differentiated both due to dispersion across the open vegetation corridor, likely during a period of connection between the Andean and Atlantic forests, and the effect of the Bolivian Altiplano as a geographic barrier. In both cases, Pleistocene climatic oscillations appear to have influenced the species diversification.</p>","PeriodicalId":15278,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Avian Biology","volume":"2025 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jav.03293","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142223081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparisons of acoustic structures between sexes in a duetting, montane bird","authors":"Huan Liu,&nbsp;Fanghong Yang,&nbsp;Qi Zhang,&nbsp;Pengfei Liu,&nbsp;Yuehua Sun","doi":"10.1111/jav.03249","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jav.03249","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Female song in birds is more widespread than previously thought, and studies across different species are critical for better understanding the entire evolutionary process of bird song. In this study, we recorded the songs of males and females in a duetting, montane bird species, the Elliot's laughingthrush <i>Trochalopteron elliotii</i>, across consecutive breeding seasons. We specifically focused on identifying the number and structure of different song types by males and females, and compared these acoustic structures between the sexes. Our findings revealed that both males and females sang sex-specific solos. More specifically, females sang a single type of solo that varied significantly in the number of notes, whereas males produced three different solos composed of 2, 3, or 4 notes, respectively. Female solos exhibited significantly more notes and longer song duration compared to males. Male solos typically had a significantly higher maximum frequency for the entire song. No significant differences were observed in the duration of the first note, song rate, and other frequency characteristics between male and female solos. Furthermore, paired males and females coordinated their sex-specific solos to form duets when challenged by conspecific territory intruders, both within and outside the breeding season. Sex-specific solos suggested that male and female songs play different roles and may be subject to different selective pressures. Further research is necessary for elucidating the functions of male song, female song, and duets in this montane bird species.</p>","PeriodicalId":15278,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Avian Biology","volume":"2025 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jav.03249","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142223082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Can nest design hinder brood parasitism success?","authors":"Angela Moreras,&nbsp;Jere Tolvanen,&nbsp;Michal Kysučan,&nbsp;Peter Samaš,&nbsp;Tomáš Grim,&nbsp;Robert L. Thomson","doi":"10.1111/jav.03300","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jav.03300","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Avian nest design varies depending on environmental factors but may also be influenced by between-species interactions. In the brood parasitism context, hosts may evolve nest architectures that may limit parasite access to the nest cup, reduce parasite laying success or hinder parasite chick success. Therefore, nest characteristics may reduce the likelihood or minimise the costs of being parasitised. The common redstart <i>Phoenicurus phoenicurus</i> is a regular host of the common cuckoo <i>Cuculus canorus</i>, for which cuckoo eggs are often laid outside the nest cup, resulting in low effective parasitism rates. This allowed us to evaluate variation in host nest design and test whether nest design characteristics correlate with brood parasitism likelihood and cuckoo laying success (i.e. cuckoo egg laid in the nest cup versus outside the nest cup). While recording brood parasitism events in two distant redstart populations, we documented nest cup characteristics, such as internal dimensions, materials used and nest cup position, along with the nest-box dimensions. Cuckoo parasitism likelihood was lower for redstart nests in cavities with smaller entrances, for redstart nests with smaller nest cups and with nest cups that were built level to the rim material. For parasitised nests, cuckoo laying success was lower at redstart nests with nest cups placed further from the cavity entrance. Our results suggest a conditional process, where the cavity entrance size first prevents brood parasites access, then the cup size and the cup level in reference to the rim material affect the cuckoo choice, and finally, the nest cup position hinders cuckoo's laying success. The use of multiple nest design strategies may explain the current low effective parasitism rates in this system. Host nest design may serve as a frontline defence that could shape parasite's preferences, and consequently host nest characteristics.</p>","PeriodicalId":15278,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Avian Biology","volume":"2025 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jav.03300","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142223084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Are urbanization and brood parasitism associated with differences in telomere lengths in song sparrows?","authors":"Samuel J. Lane,&nbsp;Ben J. Vernasco,&nbsp;Taylor E. Fossett,&nbsp;Isaac J. VanDiest,&nbsp;Heather E. Watts,&nbsp;Kendra B. Sewall","doi":"10.1111/jav.03220","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jav.03220","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Urbanization reflects a major form of environmental change impacting wild birds globally. Whereas urban habitats may provide increased availability of water, some food items, and reduced predation levels compared to rural, they can also present novel stressors including increased light at night, ambient noise, and reduced nutrient availability. Urbanization can also alter levels of brood parasitism, with some host species experiencing elevated levels of brood parasitism in urban areas compared to rural areas. Though the demographic and behavioral consequences of urbanization and brood parasitism have received considerable attention, their consequences for cellular-level processes are less understood. Telomeres provide an opportunity to understand the cellular consequences of different environments as they are a well-established metric of biological state that can be associated with residual lifespan, disease risk, and behavior, and are known to be sensitive to environmental conditions. Here we examine the relationships between urbanization, brood parasitism, and blood telomere lengths in adult and nestling song sparrows <i>Melospiza melodia</i>. Song sparrows are a North American songbird found in both urban and rural habitats that experience high rates of brood parasitism by brown-headed cowbirds <i>Molothrus ater</i> in the urban, but not the rural, sites in our study system. Among adults and nestlings from non-parasitized nests, we found no differences in relative telomere lengths between urban and rural habitats. However, among urban nestlings, the presence of a brood parasite in the nest was associated with significantly shorter relative telomere lengths compared to when a brood parasite was absent. Our results suggest a novel, indirect, impact of urbanization on nestling songbirds through the physiological impacts of brood parasitism.</p>","PeriodicalId":15278,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Avian Biology","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jav.03220","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141936288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Offspring sex ratio in a communal breeding bird is male-biased when pre-breeding rainfall is low","authors":"Leanne A. Grieves,&nbsp;Sheng Hing,&nbsp;Joshua Tabh,&nbsp;James S. Quinn","doi":"10.1111/jav.03262","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jav.03262","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Offspring sex ratios may deviate from parity when the fitness benefits of producing male or female offspring vary. We tested for sex ratio bias in smooth-billed anis <i>Crotophaga ani</i>, a communal laying cuckoo with low within-group relatedness and high offspring dispersal. One male group member performs nocturnal incubation and sires more offspring than other males in the group, suggesting males may have greater reproductive variance than females. We hypothesized that pre-breeding rainfall influences food availability and offspring sex ratio, predicting that breeding females skew production towards the sex with higher reproductive variance (males) in high food years. Females may also adjust sex ratio across the hatching order to increase survival of the more competitive sex, especially when clutches are larger and within-brood competition is higher. As adults, male smooth-billed anis are larger than females, so we assumed male nestlings are more competitive than females and predicted a male-bias in first hatched chicks in larger broods. Contrary to our first prediction, offspring sex ratio was male biased when pre-breeding rainfall was lower. In partial support of our second prediction, marginally more first hatched chicks were male in larger broods. To our knowledge, this is the first evidence of offspring sex ratio bias in a communal laying bird species. Future work in this system will attempt to uncover the mechanisms by which co-breeding females adjust offspring sex ratio and test alternative hypotheses to explain male-biased offspring sex ratios under different conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":15278,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Avian Biology","volume":"2025 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jav.03262","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141885820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maternal in-nest call structure reduces habituation risk in songbird embryos","authors":"Victoria I. Austin,&nbsp;Lauren K. Common,&nbsp;Diane Colombelli-Négrel,&nbsp;Sonia Kleindorfer","doi":"10.1111/jav.03274","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jav.03274","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Repetition of the same vocal stimulus during vocal learning may result in habituation. Therefore, selection may favor vocal tutors that produce vocal stimuli with characteristics that reduce the risk of habituation. Superb fairywren <i>Malurus cyaneus</i> mothers produce a two-element (A and signature B) call to embryos, but embryos only produce one element type (B) after hatching. Why do mothers use the A element to embryos? We broadcast calls with one (B) or two (AB) element types and measured embryo response. Embryos habituated to calls with one element type and remained responsive to calls with both. We conclude that signal characteristics in tutors may guide learning to retain pupil attention during learning.</p>","PeriodicalId":15278,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Avian Biology","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jav.03274","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141642363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}