Journal of Bronchology & Interventional Pulmonology最新文献

{"title":"The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Interventional Pulmonology.","authors":"Anna Kornafeld, Greg Little, Laura Frye","doi":"10.1097/LBR.0000000000001051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/LBR.0000000000001051","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Artificial intelligence (AI) is revolutionizing interventional pulmonology (IP) by enhancing diagnostics, procedural precision, and patient outcomes. AI-powered tools improve lung nodule detection, radiomics-based risk stratification, and bronchoscopic navigation. Machine learning (ML) algorithms aid in lung cancer screening by analyzing imaging data, reducing false positives, and improving early diagnosis. AI-driven robotic-assisted bronchoscopy enhances navigation and biopsy accuracy, particularly for peripheral lung lesions. Endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS) and cytopathology benefit from AI's ability to assess lymph node malignancy and optimize rapid on-site evaluation (ROSE). AI applications extend to phenotyping chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and identifying candidates for bronchoscopic lung volume reduction (BLVR). Deep learning (DL) models analyze computed tomography (CT) imaging and spirometry data to optimize patient selection. AI-driven algorithms are also advancing pleural effusion detection, differentiation, and classification, supporting clinical decision-making. Education and research in IP are also transforming with AI-driven simulation, virtual reality, and automated assessment tools that enhance procedural training and competency evaluation. The integration of AI into clinical work and procedural training accelerates advancements while presenting challenges in ethical AI implementation, data security, and bias mitigation. As AI continues to evolve, its role in IP will expand, improving procedural efficiency, personalizing treatment plans, and optimizing patient selection for interventions. Future developments will focus on refining AI-driven predictive analytics, enhancing robotic-assisted procedures, and integrating AI seamlessly into clinical workflows. The responsible implementation of AI in IP holds the potential to transform patient care, reduce complications, and advance precision medicine.</p>","PeriodicalId":15268,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bronchology & Interventional Pulmonology","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145856530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Cost-analysis Model Comparing Reusable and Single-use Bronchoscopes in an Interventional Pulmonology Unit: Influence of Procedure Volume, Fleet Size, and Device Type.","authors":"Adeline Bonan, Marc Laurent, Nathan Guez, Remi Varin, Luc Thiberville, Mathieu Salaun, Samy Lachkar","doi":"10.1097/LBR.0000000000001041","DOIUrl":"10.1097/LBR.0000000000001041","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Reusable flexible bronchoscopes (RFB) and single-use flexible bronchoscopes (SUFB) are clinically equivalent. Economic evaluations are essential due to rising health care costs. This study aims to compare the costs of the procedure with RFBs or SUFBs, considering major factors such as procedure volume, fleet size, and SUFB model.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This single-center, observational study at Rouen University Hospital evaluated RFB costs (equipment, maintenance, and reprocessing) and SUFB costs (purchase and disposal). A micro-costing approach was used to estimate costs, with sensitivity analyses examining the impact of procedure volume and fleet size on costs.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The total cost per procedure with RFBs was €195.72 in the endoscopy room and €231.48 in the operating room. The median cost for SUFBs was €245 (range: €208 to 336, depending on the model). RFBs became cost-effective over SUFBs if at least 913 bronchoscopies are performed annually. This threshold varies according to the RFB fleet, and the SUFB model.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study highlights that RFBs are more cost-effective than SUFBs in high-volume settings. Therefore, the choice between RFBs and SUFBs should consider the facility's specific conditions, such as procedure volume and available equipment. A hybrid approach, using both devices, may be beneficial in settings with varying procedural demands.</p>","PeriodicalId":15268,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bronchology & Interventional Pulmonology","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145856473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Blood-Based Biomarkers for Pulmonary Nodule Risk Stratification: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Muhammad Perwaiz, Kanwal Latif, Anesha White, Amnah Khalid","doi":"10.1097/LBR.0000000000001048","DOIUrl":"10.1097/LBR.0000000000001048","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>To evaluate the diagnostic performance of blood-based assays for distinguishing malignant from benign indeterminate pulmonary nodules.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective and retrospective studies assessing blood-based biomarker tests in patients with indeterminate pulmonary nodules (6 to 30 mm). Thirteen studies (n=2771 patients) met inclusion criteria, spanning proteomic assays, circulating cell-free DNA fragmentomics, and integrated clinical-biomarker models. Pooled sensitivity, specificity, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) were estimated using random-effects models. Subgroup analyses, QUADAS-2 risk of bias assessment, and publication bias testing were conducted.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Across all studies, the pooled sensitivity was 84.6% and specificity was 65.3%, with a summary AUC of 0.78. At a modeled 15% prevalence, the negative predictive value was 96%, supporting clinical utility for ruling out malignancy. cfDNA fragmentomics assays demonstrated the highest accuracy (AUC: 0.87) with consistent performance even in small nodules and ground-glass opacities, and across smokers and never-smokers. Proteomic assays showed greater variability, while integrated models performed with high sensitivity but modest specificity. Risk of bias was generally low, though heterogeneity was moderate. No evidence of publication bias was detected.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Blood-based biomarker assays show promise as adjunctive tools for pulmonary nodule management, particularly for excluding malignancy and potentially reducing unnecessary invasive procedures. Fragmentomics platforms demonstrated the most consistent performance, but further large-scale prospective studies are needed to address outstanding questions as clinical applications expand.</p>","PeriodicalId":15268,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bronchology & Interventional Pulmonology","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145819459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Diagnostic Utility of EBUS Mediastinal Cryobiopsy (EBUS-MCB) and EBUS-TBNA in Granulomatous Mediastinal Lymphadenopathy: The CRYO-GRANULOMA Study.","authors":"Venkata Nagarjuna Maturu, Pranitha P, Virender Pratibh Prasad, Rinoosha Rachel, Vipul Kumar Garg, Sai Sindhu Kotla, Shah Milap, P Swathi Prakasham","doi":"10.1097/LBR.0000000000001047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/LBR.0000000000001047","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) is the investigation of choice for mediastinal lymphadenopathy. However, its limited tissue yield can hinder the diagnosis of granulomatous disorders such as tuberculosis and sarcoidosis. EBUS-guided mediastinal cryobiopsy (EBUS-MCB) is a novel technique that enables collection of larger tissue samples. This study aimed to compare the diagnostic performance of EBUS-MCB and EBUS-TBNA in patients with granulomatous mediastinal lymphadenopathy (GML), focusing on the Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra assay and histopathologic parameters.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this prospective observational study conducted from March 2024 to March 2025, patients ≥12 years with undiagnosed mediastinal lymphadenopathy and granulomas identified on rapid on-site evaluation (ROSE) of EBUS specimens were enrolled. Paired samples of EBUS-TBNA and EBUS-MCB were obtained from the same lymph node and analyzed. Primary objective was comparison of Xpert Ultra positivity rate between EBUS-TBNA and EBUS-MCB. Secondary objectives were comparison of granuloma density, granuloma nature, and Xpert Ultra thresholds.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 167 patients undergoing EBUS, 51 with granulomatous inflammation were included. EBUS-MCB identified granulomas in all 51 cases versus 45 (88.2%) with EBUS-TBNA (P=0.027). EBUS-MCB showed significantly higher granuloma density and a greater proportion of necrotizing granulomas. Xpert Ultra positivity was comparable between EBUS-TBNA and EBUS-MCB (39.5% vs. 36.8%; P=0.826), but trace detection was significantly lower with EBUS-MCB (14.2% vs. 53.3%; P=0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>EBUS-MCB improves histologic characterization of GML with higher granuloma yield and density. While microbiologic yield is similar, EBUS-MCB reduces the proportion of trace-only Xpert Ultra results, enhancing diagnostic confidence.</p>","PeriodicalId":15268,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bronchology & Interventional Pulmonology","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147433209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"American Association for Bronchology and Interventional Pulmonology (AABIP) Evidence-Based Guidelines on Bronchoscopic Diagnosis and Staging of Lung Cancer.","authors":"Russell J Miller, Ara A Chrissian, Fayez Kheir, Majid Shafiq, Abigail T Chua, Neal Navani, Francisco A Almeida, Abdul H Alraiyes, Paul A Bain, Christina R Bellinger, Cherng H Chao, George Z Cheng, Rebecca Cloyes, Javier Diaz-Mendoza, David M DiBardino, Erik Folch, Laura K Frye, Yaron B Gesthalter, Thomas R Gildea, Amit Goyal, Karen M Heskett, Van Kim Holden, Moishe Liberman, Christopher Manley, Nikhil K Meena, Catherine L Oberg, Jasleen K Pannu, Edward M Pickering, Michal Senitko, Jo-Anne O Shepard, Thomas Vandemoortele, Atul C Mehta, Kazuhiro Yasufuku","doi":"10.1097/LBR.0000000000001034","DOIUrl":"10.1097/LBR.0000000000001034","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Lung cancer remains a predominant cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, and there are notable geographic and institutional differences in both diagnostic and staging approaches. To address this, the American Association for Bronchology and Interventional Pulmonology (AABIP) convened a multidisciplinary committee to craft evidence-based and evidence-informed recommendations for diagnosing peripheral pulmonary nodules and performing convex probe endobronchial ultrasound (CP-EBUS)-guided mediastinal staging.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A modified Delphi method guided the creation and refinement of 9 Population, Intervention, Comparator, Outcome (PICO) questions. A systematic literature review, updated through March 2023, served as the basis for drafting recommendations. The panel used the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach to assess the quality of evidence and relied on National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) language to express the strength of each recommendation. Where suitable, meta-analyses were completed; otherwise, systematic reviews and consensus among experts provided the evidence for guidance.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Nine recommendations were ultimately proposed: 6 were supported by meta-analyses and 3 by systematic reviews. The topics include comparing diagnostic yield and complication rates between peripheral bronchoscopy and transthoracic needle biopsy, the use of multiple biopsy instruments and the role of rapid on-site evaluation (ROSE) during peripheral bronchoscopy, and best practices for CP-EBUS-guided mediastinal staging. Several critical considerations emerged, such as lesion size, evolving technologies in bronchoscopy, and the importance of both available resources and local expertise.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These guidelines aim to standardize and streamline recommendations for the bronchoscopic diagnosis and staging of lung cancer. Since rapid technological progress and observational data play significant roles in this field, ongoing research and evidence updates will be vital to refining best practices. Clinicians are advised to tailor these recommendations according to local circumstances, the unique needs of their patients, and any new findings as they develop.</p>","PeriodicalId":15268,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bronchology & Interventional Pulmonology","volume":"32 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145191580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How Does the Diagnostic Effectiveness of Transbronchial Needle Aspiration/Transbronchial Biopsy With Radial Endobronchial Ultrasound for the Diagnosis of Peripheral Pulmonary Lesions Differ With and Without a Guide Sheath?","authors":"Takayasu Ito, Basile Chretien, Kazuki Nishida, Hayata Kimura, Tomoya Baba, Yasushi Makino, Tadasuke Ikenouchi, Ichidai Tanaka, Koji Sakamoto, Yuichiro Shindo, Makoto Ishii","doi":"10.1097/LBR.0000000000001030","DOIUrl":"10.1097/LBR.0000000000001030","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The diagnostic yield of virtual bronchoscopy with radial endobronchial ultrasound (r-EBUS) for peripheral pulmonary lesions (PPLs) remains unsatisfactory because of limited lesion access by biopsy instruments. r-EBUS-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (TBNA) followed by transbronchial biopsy (TBB) (TBNA/TBB) with a guide sheath (GS) potentially increases the PPL diagnostic yield as the needle penetrates the bronchial wall, enabling subsequent forceps biopsy closer to the lesion. However, regarding the application of r-EBUS-guided TBNA/TBB for PPL diagnosis, data on the diagnostic yield of TBNA/TBB with a GS are limited compared with those on TBNA/TBB without a GS.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a retrospective analysis of consecutive patients who underwent r-EBUS-guided TBNA/TBB for PPLs with or without a GS at 3 institutions. The objective was to evaluate the effect of GS usage on diagnostic yield of PPLs, focusing on lesion location from the hilum on computed tomography. To estimate the probability of successful diagnosis based on GS status, we applied an adjusted logistic regression model with inverse probability of treatment weighting to account for potential confounding.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The interaction between GS usage and lesion location was significant (odds ratio=14.19; 95% CI: 1.48-135.75). The rates of successful diagnosis were 83% and 75% for lesions within the middle third ellipse during no and GS use, respectively, and 44% and 87% for lesions within the outer third ellipse during no and GS use, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study demonstrated that GS use in r-EBUS-guided TBNA/TBB improves diagnostic success for lesions within the outer third ellipse.</p>","PeriodicalId":15268,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bronchology & Interventional Pulmonology","volume":"32 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144992696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Safety and Diagnostic Yield of Transbronchial Cryobiopsy by Flexible Bronchoscopy Under Conscious Sedation Without Intubation in Diffuse Parenchymal Lung Disease.","authors":"Yifan Chen, Yang Liu, Hao Zhu, Zeqiang Wang, Wei Liu","doi":"10.1097/LBR.0000000000001023","DOIUrl":"10.1097/LBR.0000000000001023","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Transbronchial cryobiopsy (TBCB) is generally recommended under intubation or rigid bronchoscopy with general anesthesia. However, some patients with diffuse parenchymal lung disease (DPLD) are unable to tolerate general anesthesia, which limits the widespread adoption of TBCB.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 37 patients with DPLD who underwent TBCB under conscious sedation without intubation were included in this study. The procedures of TBCB were under conscious sedation without intubation, combining with radial probe-endobronchial ultrasound (RP-EBUS) and a prophylactic positioned endobronchial balloon. Specimen diameter, pathologic specimen quality, pathologic and multidisciplinary discussion (MDD) diagnosis yield, and complications were recorded.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Adequate pathologic specimens were obtained in 36 of 37 patients (97.3%), yielding a total of 159 samples with an average diameter of 4.28±1.14 mm. A definitive diagnosis was established in 26 patients (70.3%) through histopathology and MDD. In 8 patients (21.6%), although histopathologic diagnosis was not achieved, TBCB provided valuable information that contributed to a final diagnosis through MDD and follow-up. Three cases (8.1%) failed to make a definitive diagnosis. Six (16.2%) cases developed pneumothorax. The bleeding volume was 9.5±6.7 mL/case, with no instances of severe bleeding requiring surgical or interventional embolization.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>TBCB performed with RP-EBUS and balloon blockade under conscious sedation is safe and effective for patients with DPLD.</p>","PeriodicalId":15268,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bronchology & Interventional Pulmonology","volume":"32 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144992771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparing Monarch Versus Ion Robotic-Assisted Bronchoscopy Platforms: A Propensity Score-Matched Analysis.","authors":"Dakota McNierney, Jingjing Chen, Joe G Zein, Laszlo Vaszar, Karen Swanson, Natalya Azadeh, Kenneth K Sakata","doi":"10.1097/LBR.0000000000001019","DOIUrl":"10.1097/LBR.0000000000001019","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths. Earlier detection and diagnosis are crucial in improving overall survival. Limitations in conventional bronchoscopic biopsy techniques have prompted the development of robotic-assisted bronchoscopy (RAB) platforms. Among the RAB platforms, we report the first study comparing outcomes between the Ion and Monarch platforms.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this single-center retrospective study, data were collected from adults (age>18 y) who underwent a RAB biopsy with the Monarch (11/23/21 to 3/10/23) or by the Ion (3/21/23 to 12/15/23). The primary outcome was diagnostic yield (DY). The secondary outcomes were robot procedure duration, radiation time, radiation dose, and complication rate. We performed propensity score-matched analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 365 patients (Monarch N=162, Ion N=203) were included in the analysis. DY for Ion and Monarch was 84.2% versus 71.0%, respectively (P=0.003). When compared with Monarch, Ion cases had a shorter robot procedure time [median (IQR): 37.00 (26.00, 51.00) vs. 70.00 (51.25, 87.00) min, P<0.001], shorter radiation time [median (IQR) 4.6 (3.00, 7.10) vs. 8.0 (5.80, 10.95) minutes, P<0.001], and lower radiation dose area product (DAP) [median (IQR): 22.70 (14.30, 38.35) vs. 40.00 (23.20, 67.80) Gy.cm2, P<0.001]. Pneumothorax rates were 1.0% versus 4.3% for Ion and Monarch, respectively (P=0.089).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This is a retrospective study that suggests that the Ion RAB system, when compared with the Monarch RAB system, had higher DY, shorter robot procedure time and radiation time, and lower radiation dose. A randomized controlled trial is needed to confirm or refute these findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":15268,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bronchology & Interventional Pulmonology","volume":"32 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144637138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rapid-On Site Evaluation and Safety of Pulmonologist- Performed Percutaneous Ultrasound-Guided Biopsy.","authors":"Christopher Lim","doi":"10.1097/LBR.0000000000001024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/LBR.0000000000001024","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15268,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bronchology & Interventional Pulmonology","volume":"32 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144540361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rapid-On Site Evaluation and Safety of Pulmonologist-Performed Percutaneous Ultrasound-Guided Biopsy.","authors":"Vanina Livi, Rocco Trisolini","doi":"10.1097/LBR.0000000000001020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/LBR.0000000000001020","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15268,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bronchology & Interventional Pulmonology","volume":"32 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144540362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}