Journal of Behavioral and Brain Science最新文献

{"title":"Diagnostic Prospectives with Tau Protein and Imaging Techniques to Detect Development of Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy.","authors":"Amit Naskar,&nbsp;Danielle Jayanty,&nbsp;Kimberly Head,&nbsp;Gulshan L Khanna,&nbsp;Vatsalya Vatsalya,&nbsp;Arpan Banerjee","doi":"10.4236/jbbs.2023.134005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/jbbs.2023.134005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Brain damage sustained from repeated blows in boxing, wrestling, and other combat sports has serious physical and mental health consequences. The degenerative brain disease, chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE), presents clinically with memory loss, aggression, difficulty in rational thinking and other cognitive problems. This spectrum, which mimics Alzheimer's disease, is diagnosed post-mortem through a brain biopsy in many professional athletes. However, little is known about the process of development and how to identify vulnerable individuals who may be on course for developing CTE. Boxing is a sport that has a severe toll on athletes' health, primarily on their brain health and function. This review addresses the concerns of brain injury, describes the pathologies that manifest in multiple scales, e.g., molecular and cognitive, and also proposes possible diagnostic and prognostic markers to characterize the early onset of CTE along with the aim to identify a starting point for future precautions and interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":15186,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavioral and Brain Science","volume":"13 4","pages":"55-65"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10239269/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9956075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Comprehensive Rehabilitation on Patients with Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy Due to Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Case Report","authors":"Xiaoli Wu, Xueyan Hu, Yuge Zhang, Lixu Liu","doi":"10.4236/jbbs.2023.138010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/jbbs.2023.138010","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Little is known about the feasibility and effectiveness of rehabilitative treatment for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in individuals with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML). We describe a patient with SLE complicated by PML and ameliorated by comprehensive rehabilitation. We also review the epidemiology, pathology, imaging characteristics, and treatment of PML. Patient Concerns: We found a patient with SLE with PML improved by multidisciplinary rehabilitation techniques. Diagnoses, Interventions, and Outcomes: We diagnosed a PML with a 13-year history of SLE and lupus nephritis after longtime immunosuppressive therapy. The patient underwent a comprehensive, multifaceted rehabilitation program, including drug therapy, integrated physical therapy, occupational therapy, acupuncture, music therapy, computer-aided cognitive rehabilitation training, and behavioral management training. This rehabilitation program improved her motor function and activities of daily living. Conclusions: Her condition improved in the short term through comprehensive rehabilitation, including physical, speech, and cognitive therapy. Therefore, we recommend comprehensive rehabilitation to improve the function and activities of daily living in patients with PML.","PeriodicalId":15186,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavioral and Brain Science","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135361663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retinal and Choroidal Alterations in Migraine Patients Compared to Normal Healthy Controls","authors":"Miriam L. Conway, Irene Ctori","doi":"10.4236/jbbs.2023.1310012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/jbbs.2023.1310012","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Migraine is an incapacitating neurovascular disorder that primarily affects the working-age population. Researchers have postulated that the transient vascular alterations during each migraine attack lead to ischemic damage in the eye which can be measured via optical coherence tomography. Methods: We recruited 29 volunteers: 13 migraineurs (mean age 28 ± 8.8 years; 12 female and 1 male) and 16 age-matched controls (mean age 26.6 ± 6.9; 9 female and 7 male). All individuals underwent a detailed ophthalmic examination by a qualified optometrist and a Migraine Disability Assessment. The investigators were blind to the migraine diagnosis. Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer (RNFL) thickness, Retinal Thickness (RT), Ganglion Cell Complex (GCL), ranging from the inner-limiting membrane to the inner plexiform layer, and Choroidal Thickness (CT) were measured using the 3D OCT-1Maestro, Topcon, a Spectral Domain OCT (SD-OCT) device. Results: In the migraine population average RNFL was lower for several parameters. However, results did not reach statistical significance. A significant decrease in the right eye inferior parafoveal ganglion cell layer in the migraine group of patients (mean = 25.15, SD = 4.08) compared to normal healthy controls (mean = 28.81, SD = 4.85; t = (27) = 2.17, p = 0.039) was documented. No other ganglion cell layer or choroidal thickness reached significance. No significant relationship between ocular thickness parameters and MIDAS score, parameters and either MIDAS score or frequency of headaches was found. Conclusion: A significant decrease in the right inferior parafoveal ganglion cell layer for migraine patients was reported. All other parameters did not reach significance.","PeriodicalId":15186,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavioral and Brain Science","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135053150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Jungian Advanced Motor Processing&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;TM&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt; (JAMP&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;TM&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;) the Future of Mental Health Treatment: 38 Cases on Its Efficacy &amp;amp; Validation to Induce Measurable Positive Change","authors":"Lahab Al-Samarrai, Yageen Al-Sammarraie, Eric Tomlinson, Anna Edwards, Karen Apple, Virginia Alcalde, Lisa Hong, Emily Clark, Taylor Barnett, Madeline Turner, Laura Cotton","doi":"10.4236/jbbs.2023.139011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/jbbs.2023.139011","url":null,"abstract":"This paper is about an advanced treatment method known as Jungian Advanced Motor Processing (JAMPTM) and its effects on healing trauma using three scales: Post-Traumatic Cognitive Inventory (PTCI) [1], Adverse Childhood Experiences Questionnaire (ACE) [2] and Somatic Symptom Scale (SSS or PHQ15) [3]. JAMPTM is a new treatment that addresses issues such as complex trauma, illnesses, and mental health disorders. During a 90-minute session with a JAMPTM therapist, the client will listen to a heartbeat sound while viewing a calming image where a positive affirmation appears on the screen. The combination of image and sound, as well as the bilateral stimulation, accesses the triggered defensive mechanism of the traumatic part of the person (the Complex). This traumatized person begins to associate points in their life where a pattern of behavior was learned in order to cope with the event that originally caused disassociation. The JAMPTM Transformational Coach will lead the client safely through this journey using verbal affirmations such as, “I am not afraid,” to disperse the fear. By the end of the session, threads are strung together to paint a picture of pain that forms an image which becomes a symbol that can be transformed into healing.","PeriodicalId":15186,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavioral and Brain Science","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135053146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Differential Effects of Chronic Alcohol and Cigarette Smoke Exposures on Cognitive-Behavioral Dysfunction in Long Evans Rats.","authors":"Emine B Yalcin, Büşra Nur Delikkaya, William Pelit, Ming Tong, Suzanne M De La Monte, Sharon Rounds","doi":"10.4236/jbbs.2022.129024","DOIUrl":"10.4236/jbbs.2022.129024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objective: </strong>Chronic heavy alcohol consumption and daily cigarette smoking are the most prevalent substance use problems in the U.S., including Veterans. Excessive alcohol use causes neurocognitive and behavioral deficits that can be linked to neurodegeneration. Similarly, preclinical and clinical data suggest that smoking also leads to brain atrophy. This study examines the differential and additive effects of alcohol and cigarette smoke (CS) exposures on cognitive-behavioral function.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A 4-way experimental model of chronic alcohol and CS exposures was generated using 4-week-old male and female Long Evans rats that were pair-fed with Lieber-deCarli isocaloric liquid diets containing 0% or 24% ethanol for 9 weeks. Half of the rats in the control and ethanol groups were exposed to CS for 4 hours/day and 4 days/week for 9 weeks. All rats were subjected to Morris Water Maze, Open Field, and Novel Object Recognition testing in the last experimental week.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Chronic alcohol exposure impaired spatial learning as shown by significantly increased latency to locate the platform, and it caused anxiety-like behavior marked by the significantly reduced percentage of entries to the center of the arena. Chronic CS exposure impaired recognition memory as suggested by significantly less time spent at the novel object. Combined exposures to alcohol and CS did not show any significant additive or interactive effect on cognitive-behavioral function.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Chronic alcohol exposure was the main driver of spatial learning, while the effect of secondhand CS exposure was not robust. Future studies need to mimic direct CS exposure effects in humans.</p>","PeriodicalId":15186,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavioral and Brain Science","volume":"12 9","pages":"413-432"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9974143/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10856670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Therapeutic Effects of Myriocin in Experimental Alcohol-Related Neurobehavioral Dysfunction and Frontal Lobe White Matter Biochemical Pathology.","authors":"Camilla Homans,&nbsp;Emine B Yalcin,&nbsp;Ming Tong,&nbsp;Gina Gallucci,&nbsp;David Bautista,&nbsp;Natalia Moriel,&nbsp;Suzanne de la Monte","doi":"10.4236/jbbs.2022.122003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/jbbs.2022.122003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background & objective: </strong>Chronic excessive alcohol consumption causes white matter degeneration with myelin loss and impaired neuronal conductivity. Subsequent rarefaction of myelin accounts for the sustained deficits in cognition, learning, and memory. Correspondingly, chronic heavy or repeated binge alcohol exposures in humans and experimental models alter myelin lipid composition leading to build-up of ceramides which can be neurotoxic and broadly inhibitory to brain functions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study examined the effects of chronic + binge alcohol exposures (8 weeks) and intervention with myriocin, a ceramide inhibitor, on neurobehavioral functions (Open Field, Novel Object Recognition, and Morris Water Maze tests) and frontal lobe white matter myelin lipid biochemical pathology in an adult Long-Evans rat model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The ethanol-exposed group had significant deficits in executive functions with increased indices of anxiety and impairments in spatial learning acquisition. Myriocin partially remediated these effects of ethanol while not impacting behavior in the control group. Ethanol-fed rats had significantly smaller brains with broadly reduced expression of sulfatides and reduced expression of two of the three sphingomyelins detected in frontal white matter. Myriocin partially resolved these effects corresponding with improvements in neurobehavioral function.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Therapeutic strategies that support cerebral white matter myelin expression of sulfatide and sphingomyelin may help remediate cognitive-behavioral dysfunction following chronic heavy alcohol consumption in humans.</p>","PeriodicalId":15186,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavioral and Brain Science","volume":"12 2","pages":"23-42"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9942847/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10800806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex","authors":"S. Funahashi","doi":"10.1007/978-981-19-7268-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-7268-3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15186,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavioral and Brain Science","volume":"68 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73802960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Cannabis Use on Brain Structure and Function in Suppressed HIV Infection.","authors":"Kalpana J Kallianpur,&nbsp;Rasmus Birn,&nbsp;Lishomwa C Ndhlovu,&nbsp;Scott A Souza,&nbsp;Brooks Mitchell,&nbsp;Robert Paul,&nbsp;Dominic C Chow,&nbsp;Lindsay Kohorn,&nbsp;Cecilia M Shikuma","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Brain atrophy and cognitive deficits persist among individuals with suppressed HIV disease. The impact of cannabis use is unknown.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>HIV+ and HIV- participants underwent cross-sectional magnetic resonance imaging and neuropsychological testing. Lifetime frequency, duration (years), and recency of cannabis use were self-reported. Relationships of cannabis use to resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) and to 9 regional brain volumes were assessed with corrections for multiple comparisons. Peripheral blood cytokines and monocyte subsets were measured in the HIV+ group and examined in relation to cannabis exposure.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We evaluated 52 HIV+ [50.8 ± 7.1 years old; 100% on antiretroviral therapy ≥ 3 months; 83% with plasma viral load < 50 copies/mL] and 55 HIV- [54.0 ± 7.5 years old] individuals. Among HIV+ participants, recent cannabis use (within 12 months) was associated with diminished RSFC, including of occipital cortex, controlling for age. Duration of use correlated negatively with volumes of all regions (most strikingly the nucleus accumbens) independently of recent use and intracranial volume. Recent use was associated with larger caudate and white matter volumes and lower soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 concentrations. Duration of use correlated positively with psychomotor speed. Use > 10 times/lifetime was linked to more somatic symptoms, better executive function, and lower CD14⁺CD16⁺⁺ monocyte count.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>HIV+ individuals demonstrated opposing associations with cannabis. Recent use may weaken RSFC and prolonged consumption may exacerbate atrophy of the accumbens and other brain regions. More frequent or recent cannabis use may reduce the inflammation and CD14⁺CD16⁺⁺ monocytes that facilitate HIV neuroinvasion. HIV-specific cannabis studies are necessary.</p>","PeriodicalId":15186,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavioral and Brain Science","volume":"10 8","pages":"344-370"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7508465/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38509511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Subjective Cognitive Concerns and Attitudes toward Genetic Testing Are Associated with Depressive Symptoms and Quality of Life after Genetic Testing for the Cerebral Cavernous Malformation Common Hispanic Mutation (CCM1).","authors":"Richard Campbell,&nbsp;Christine L Petranovich,&nbsp;Savannah Cheek,&nbsp;Leslie Morrison,&nbsp;Blaine Hart","doi":"10.4236/jbbs.2020.102007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/jbbs.2020.102007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aimed to characterize mood and quality of life and to examine the associations of these areas with subjective cognitive concerns and attitudes toward genetic testing for the Common Hispanic Mutation, a gene that has been associated with increased risk for CCM1.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Fifty-four adults with previous genetic testing for the Common Hispanic Mutation completed a mail survey that included assessments of the above identified areas.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Self-reported depressive symptoms and quality of life did not differ between those with positive and negative genetic test results. The negative group expressed a more favorable attitude toward genetic testing (<i>p</i> < 0.001). There was a trend toward more subjective cognitive concerns in the positive group (<i>p</i> = 0.06). Using generalized linear regression, more subjective cognitive concerns were associated with poorer quality of life and more depressive symptoms (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Poorer attitude toward genetic testing was also associated with poorer quality of life (<i>p</i> < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Subjective cognitive concerns and negative attitudes toward genetic testing may influence emotional well-being after genetic testing for the Common Hispanic Mutation. Additional research is needed that uses objective neuropsychological measures to understand the associations of subjective cognitive concerns, emotional well-being, and cognitive test performance in individuals with CCM1. There is also a need for research that focuses on protective factors and resiliency following genetic testing for CCM1 and the development of mental health interventions to preempt psychosocial difficulties.</p>","PeriodicalId":15186,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavioral and Brain Science","volume":"10 2","pages":"118-127"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7255433/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37986772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mixed associations of postnatal body mass index change with cognitive function at 4 years: Hamamatsu Birth Cohort for Mothers and Children Study","authors":"Y. Sagawa, Tomoko Nishimura, Y. Nomura, Toshiki Iwabuchi, Taeko Harada, Akemi Okumura, Chikako Nakayasu, N. Takahashi, N. Takei, K. Tsuchiya","doi":"10.20821/JBS.49.0_32","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20821/JBS.49.0_32","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15186,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavioral and Brain Science","volume":"7 1","pages":"32-62"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84431442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}