Indonesian Journal of Physical Education and Sport Science最新文献

Effect of Swimming Free 50 Meters for Males on Calcium Levels and Some Enzymes of Thyroid and Parathyroid Gland 男性自由泳 50 米对钙水平以及甲状腺和甲状旁腺某些酶的影响

Indonesian Journal of Physical Education and Sport Science Pub Date : 2024-05-10 DOI: 10.52188/ijpess.v4i2.700

Shatha Hazim Gorgees

{"title":"Effect of Swimming Free 50 Meters for Males on Calcium Levels and Some Enzymes of Thyroid and Parathyroid Gland","authors":"Shatha Hazim Gorgees","doi":"10.52188/ijpess.v4i2.700","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52188/ijpess.v4i2.700","url":null,"abstract":"Study purpose. This study aimed to investigate the effect of swimming free 50 meters on calcium levels and activities of some key enzymes involved in calcium metabolism in males.\u0000Materials and Methods. Eleven healthy male adults were selected to participate in the study. They freely swam 50 meters daily for four weeks. A one-group pretest-posttest design was used to evaluate the effect of the swimming intervention on markers of calcium metabolism. Measurements were taken for participants before and after swimming. Fasting blood samples were collected before and after swimming to measure serum calcium levels as well as the activities of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), 5'-nucleotidase, thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and parathormone (PTH) by standard enzymatic methods.\u0000Results. After four weeks of swimming free 50 meters daily, serum calcium levels showed a statistically significant increase compared to baseline (p < 0.05). The activities of ALP, AST, and ALT were significantly higher post-intervention (p < 0.05 for all enzymes). There were no significant changes in 5'-nucleotidase, TSH, and PTH activities.\u0000Conclusions. The results indicate that swimming free 50 meters daily for four weeks increases serum calcium levels, likely through enhanced bone resorption as suggested by the elevated activities of ALP, AST, and ALT. However, there were no significant effects on thyroid and parathyroid functions as assessed by TSH and PTH.","PeriodicalId":151801,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Physical Education and Sport Science","volume":" 40","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140992781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Upaya Meningkatkan Teknik Dasar Kihondachi Melalui Latihan Static Balance Pada Nomor Kata 通过形数中的静态平衡训练提高日本八基本技法的努力

Indonesian Journal of Physical Education and Sport Science Pub Date : 2024-01-14 DOI: 10.52188/ijpess.v4i1.532

Astri Cindy Lestari, Asep Angga Permadi, Azhar Ramadhana Sonjaya

{"title":"Upaya Meningkatkan Teknik Dasar Kihondachi Melalui Latihan Static Balance Pada Nomor Kata","authors":"Astri Cindy Lestari, Asep Angga Permadi, Azhar Ramadhana Sonjaya","doi":"10.52188/ijpess.v4i1.532","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52188/ijpess.v4i1.532","url":null,"abstract":"Tujuan studi. Keseimbangan mempunyai pengaruh dalam dunia olahraga karena keseimbangan merupakan salah satu faktor kebugaran jasmani. Penelitian yang dilakukan sebelumnya menyatakan bahwa teknik dasar dalam pencak silat memerlukan keseimbangan dan banyak yang berada pada kategori cukup. Maka perlu adanya upaya guru untuk meningkatkan keseimbangan tersebut. Dalam dunia bela diri karate, teknik dasar kihondachi memerlukan keseimbangan yang baik, sehingga penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan teknik dasar kihondachi pada angka kata.Bahan dan metode. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode eksperimen karena penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan kejadian yang disebabkan oleh perlakuan tertentu dan juga untuk mengetahui Keseimbangan Statis dalam memainkan kata bilangan karate. Desain penelitian menggunakan pretest posttest. Populasi penelitian ini adalah atlet ekstrakurikuler SMAN 3 GARUT yang berjumlah 30 orang dan sampel sebanyak 15 orang. Instrumen penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Tes Kihon Dachi untuk Keseimbangan Statis.Hasil. Didapatkan nilai sig (2-tailed) sebesar 0,000 < 0,05 sehingga dapat disimpulkan terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan hasil latihan keseimbangan statis pada data pretest dan postes. Hasil data diatas dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan program latihan Keseimbangan Statis terhadap jumlah Kata. Dengan rata-rata nilai pra dan pasca tes kihondachi (52.89-75.56), dan kata (48.64-69.28). Oleh karena itu, program pelatihan ini merupakan upaya untuk meningkatkan teknik dasar kihondachi pada nomor kata yang sesuai untuk peningkatan tersebut.Kesimpulan. Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan data dapat disimpulkan bahwa program latihan ini merupakan upaya untuk meningkatkan teknik dasar kihondachi dalam kata dan cocok untuk meningkatkan latihan.","PeriodicalId":151801,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Physical Education and Sport Science","volume":"20 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140509021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran TGT (Teams Games Tournament) Terhadap Hasil Belajar Tenis Meja TGT学习模式对乒乓球学习的影响

Indonesian Journal of Physical Education and Sport Science Pub Date : 2023-09-27 DOI: 10.52188/ijpess.v3i2.465

Dony Andrijanto

{"title":"Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran TGT (Teams Games Tournament) Terhadap Hasil Belajar Tenis Meja","authors":"Dony Andrijanto","doi":"10.52188/ijpess.v3i2.465","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52188/ijpess.v3i2.465","url":null,"abstract":"The success of the learning process depends on the educator, where an educator plays an important role in the learning process. The learning paradigm so far considers the learning process only centered on educators. Along with the development of the world of education, this paradigm changes to a learning process that is no longer teacher-centered, but student-centered. One way to solve this problem is to use instructional media that are appropriate to the characteristics of students. This study aims to determine the effect of learning media on the learning outcomes of forehand strokes in table tennis games. The method used in this research is quasi-experimental research with one group pretest posttest design. The population used in this study were students in MTS Sunan Giri class VIII the sample used was 36 students. The research will be conducted 4 times. The data collection technique used was a table tennis forehand test. The analysis technique used is descriptive analysis, normality test and hypothesis testing. Based on the results of the analysis, the results of the hypothesis test were 0.00, which means <0.05. Through these results it can be concluded that there is a significant influence of learning media on the learning outcomes of forehand strokes in table tennis games.","PeriodicalId":151801,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Physical Education and Sport Science","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135585979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Penerapan Media Pembelajaran Slow Motion Terhadap Hasil Belajar Roll Depan 慢动作学习媒体对进展进展的应用

Indonesian Journal of Physical Education and Sport Science Pub Date : 2023-09-27 DOI: 10.52188/ijpess.v3i2.466

Irma Febriyanti

{"title":"Penerapan Media Pembelajaran Slow Motion Terhadap Hasil Belajar Roll Depan","authors":"Irma Febriyanti","doi":"10.52188/ijpess.v3i2.466","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52188/ijpess.v3i2.466","url":null,"abstract":"The world of education is not far from teaching and learning activities. Educators play an important role in the success of the learning process. The use of learning media has a role during the learning process. The use of appropriate media can improve student learning outcomes. This study aims to determine the effect of slow motion learning media on forward roll learning outcomes. This research is a quantitative descriptive research in the form of a quasi-experimental. The population in this study is all classes of V at SDN Balonggabus with the sample used, namely 31 students. This research will be conducted 4 times. The data collection technique used is the learning achievement test instrument. The analysis technique used is descriptive, normality test, and hypothesis testing to prove the influence of learning media on student learning outcomes. Based on the results of the analysis, the results show that there is influence as evidenced by the results of the hypothesis test of 0.00, which means <0.05. So it can be concluded that there is a significant influence of the application of slow motion learning media on learning outcomes of forward roll.","PeriodicalId":151801,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Physical Education and Sport Science","volume":"327 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135585978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Permainan Tradisional Tapa Gala Berbasis Kearifan Lokal sebagai Penguatan Karakter Gotong Royong dalam Implementasi Profil Pelajar Pancasila 以当地为基础的禁欲主义游戏，以加强学生Pancasila概况实现中的Gotong Royong角色

Indonesian Journal of Physical Education and Sport Science Pub Date : 2023-09-18 DOI: 10.52188/ijpess.v3i2.464

Rabwan Satriawan, Khairul Amar, Ainun Fitriani

{"title":"Permainan Tradisional Tapa Gala Berbasis Kearifan Lokal sebagai Penguatan Karakter Gotong Royong dalam Implementasi Profil Pelajar Pancasila","authors":"Rabwan Satriawan, Khairul Amar, Ainun Fitriani","doi":"10.52188/ijpess.v3i2.464","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52188/ijpess.v3i2.464","url":null,"abstract":"Tujuan studi. Studi ini bertujuan untuk mendiskripsikan permainan tradisional tapa gala berbasis kearifan lokal sebagai penguatan karakter gotong royong dalam implementasi Profil Pelajar Pancasila untuk peserta didik Sekolah Dasar. Bahan dan metode. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian studi literatur, dengan melakukan penelusuran literatur yang relevan untuk memperoleh pemahaman yang mendalam tentang konsep-konsep permainan tradisional tapa gala berbasis kearifan lokal sebagai penguatan karakter gotong royong dalam implementasi profil pelajar pancasila. Hasil. Pendidikan karakter gotongroyong dalam permainan tradisional tapa gala menunjukkan bahwa permainan tradisional tapa gala mengandung berbagai aspek pendidikan karakter gotongroyong. Permainan tradisional berpotensi untuk diaplikasikan dalam upaya untuk mencegah atau memperbaiki permasalahan menurunnya tingkat moral dan identitas kebangsaan, khususnya di kalangan generasi muda. Kesimpulan. Permainan tradisional tapa gala yang berbasis kearifan lokal juga merupakan warisan budaya lokal yang harus dilestarikan oleh anak sebagai penguatan karakter gotong royong untuk mengimplementasikan Profil Pelajar Pancasila","PeriodicalId":151801,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Physical Education and Sport Science","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135255799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Physical Fitness Profile Analysis: Survey Study On Extracurricular Football Students 课外足球学生体质状况分析:调查研究

Indonesian Journal of Physical Education and Sport Science Pub Date : 2023-09-16 DOI: 10.52188/ijpess.v3i2.470

None Rubiyatno, Putra Sastaman B, Didi Suryadi

{"title":"Physical Fitness Profile Analysis: Survey Study On Extracurricular Football Students","authors":"None Rubiyatno, Putra Sastaman B, Didi Suryadi","doi":"10.52188/ijpess.v3i2.470","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52188/ijpess.v3i2.470","url":null,"abstract":"Studi purpose. Physical fitness is one of the important indicators of success in a soccer game. However, during its implementation, students' physical fitness is not paid enough attention and is not even used as a benchmark for preparing training programs. This study aims to determine physical fitness in extracurricular soccer students. Materials and methods. In this study using a quantitative descriptive approach with a survey method, where in this study tests and measurements were carried out. The population is extracurricular soccer students at SMP Negeri 3 Sukadana Kayong Utara. The sampling technique with perposive sampling so that 20 students were sampled. The instrument in this study used the Indonesian physical fitness test (TKJI) aged 13-15 years. Percentage descriptive data analysis with the help of Microsoft Excel 2013 software. Results. The results showed that 10% of students were in the good category, 15% were in the poor category and 75% were in the moderate category. Conclusions. The conclusion of this study is that extracurricular soccer students are in the moderate category, so the results of this study can be a reference for sports trainers and teachers in providing suitable training programs to improve physical fitness.","PeriodicalId":151801,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Physical Education and Sport Science","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135353164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Differences in Lay Up Ability of Boys and Girls of Lower Class Elementary School Students 小学低年级男生和女生积累能力的差异

Indonesian Journal of Physical Education and Sport Science Pub Date : 2023-09-16 DOI: 10.52188/ijpess.v3i2.469

Isti Dwi Puspita Wati

引用次数: 0

The Effect Of Hanging Ball Hitting Practice On Smash Results In Volleyball Games 排球比赛吊球击球练习对扣杀效果的影响

Indonesian Journal of Physical Education and Sport Science Pub Date : 2023-09-14 DOI: 10.52188/ijpess.v3i2.474

Jujur Gunawan Manullang, None Ngatimin

{"title":"The Effect Of Hanging Ball Hitting Practice On Smash Results In Volleyball Games","authors":"Jujur Gunawan Manullang, None Ngatimin","doi":"10.52188/ijpess.v3i2.474","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52188/ijpess.v3i2.474","url":null,"abstract":"Study purpose. This study aims to determine whether there is an influence between the practice of hitting the ball on the results of volleyball smashes in extracurricular male students at SMA Negeri 1 Belitang 1. Materials and Methods. In this study the method used was an experiment with the design of One Group Pre test Post test, namely statistics to determine the influence between two symptoms, the data collection technique used was by test. Smash punch test to measure the results of a smash punch in a volleyball game. The population in this study was male students who participated in volleyball training activities at SMA Negeri 1 Belitang 1. The sample consisted of 14 male students of SMA Negeri 1 Belitang 1. Results. The magnitude of the influence between the practice of hitting the ball on the results of the smash punch was that it could be seen by the hypothesis using the t test obtained a t count of 1.951 and a t table price of 1.761. So t count > t table, thus Ha was accepted and Ho was rejected, which means that there is a significant effect of the practice of hitting the ball on the results of volleyball smashes in extracurricular male students at SMA Negeri 1 Belitang 1. Conclusions. The conclusions of this study indicate that there is a significant effect of hitting the ball practice on smash results in volleyball extracurricular students at SMA Negeri 1 Belitang 1.","PeriodicalId":151801,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Physical Education and Sport Science","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134972543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Analisis SWOT Pembinaan Prestasi Cabang Olahraga Pencak Silat Di Padepokan Tanpa Bayangan Magetan 我分析了斯沃特·塞拉特运动在蒙古兰没有影子的训练中取得的成就

Indonesian Journal of Physical Education and Sport Science Pub Date : 2023-09-12 DOI: 10.52188/ijpess.v3i2.463

Donny Firman Syah, Roy Januardi Irawan

{"title":"Analisis SWOT Pembinaan Prestasi Cabang Olahraga Pencak Silat Di Padepokan Tanpa Bayangan Magetan","authors":"Donny Firman Syah, Roy Januardi Irawan","doi":"10.52188/ijpess.v3i2.463","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52188/ijpess.v3i2.463","url":null,"abstract":"Tujuan studi. Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi dengan belum diketahuinya bagaimana pembinaan prestasi cabang olahraga pencak silat di Padepokan Tanpa Bayangan Magetan berdasarkan analisis SWOT. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan pembinaan prestasi cabang olahraga pencak silat di Padepokan Tanpa Bayangan Magetan berdasarkan analisis SWOT. Bahan dan metode. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif dengan sasaran penelitian berjumlah 15 orang. Yang terdiri dari pengurus, pelatih, dan atlet Padepokan Tanpa Bayangan Magetan. Instrumen penelitian ini menggunakan kuesioner terbuka dan menggunakan bantuan peralatan seperti handphone, kamera, perekam, alat tulis, dan buku catatan untuk mendukung jalannya penelitian. Data diperoleh dari wawancara, observasi, dan dokumen. Hasil. 1) Kekuatan yang paling menonjol yaitu pengurus memfasilitasi semua kebutuhan atlet serta pendanaan yang sudah lancar dan mampu dikelola dengan optimal. 2) Kelemahan terdapat pada tempat latihan di ruangan terbuka atau outdoor. 3) Peluang yang ada yaitu kejuaraan-kejuaraan yang mulai rutin dipertandingkan. 4) Ancaman yang mengkhawatirkan yaitu ada kekhawatiran regenerasi atlet terhambat. Kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian ini yaitu bahwa dari segi kuantitas, kekuatan yang dimiliki lebih banyak daripada kelemahan serta peluang yang ada lebih banyak daripada ancaman. Penyusunan strategi dengan menggunakan matriks SWOT menghasilkan beberapa alternatif strategi yang bisa diterapkan. Salah satu strategi yang bisa diterapkan yaitu mempertahankan dan meningkatkan kualitas serta prestasi atlet, kemudian mencari tambahan donatur atau sponsor baru.","PeriodicalId":151801,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Physical Education and Sport Science","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135887014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Integration of PjBL Models with Inclusive Teaching Styles To Improve Underhand Service Volleyball Skills PjBL模式与包容性教学模式的结合提高下手球排球技术

Indonesian Journal of Physical Education and Sport Science Pub Date : 2023-09-11 DOI: 10.52188/ijpess.v3i2.471

Muhammad Yudhi Ardinnata, None Mashud, Herita Warni

{"title":"Integration of PjBL Models with Inclusive Teaching Styles To Improve Underhand Service Volleyball Skills","authors":"Muhammad Yudhi Ardinnata, None Mashud, Herita Warni","doi":"10.52188/ijpess.v3i2.471","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52188/ijpess.v3i2.471","url":null,"abstract":"Study purpose. This study aims to prove that the integration of the PjBL models with the inclusive teaching style can improve the underhand service volleyball skills. Materials and methods. The research used classroom action research methods. The research design uses the model from Kemmis and Mc. Taggart which consists of 4 stages, namely 1.) Planning, 2.) Implementation of action, 3.) Observation and 4.) Reflection. The research subjects were students of class X A SMA Negeri 1 Salam Babaris with a total of 27 people consisting of 13 boys and 14 girls. Results. Collecting data using quantitative and qualitative techniques. The results of the observation data stated that there was an increase through two cycles. Preliminary observation data shows that 37.04% complete and 68.96% incomplete, then cycle I observation data shows that 59.26% complete and 40.74% incomplete, followed by cycle II observation data shows that 85.18% complete and 14.82% incomplete and has achieved the minimum completeness criterion , namely 80% with KKM 75. Conclusions. It can be proven that the integration of the PjBL models with the inclusive teaching style can improve the underhand service volleyball skills.","PeriodicalId":151801,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of Physical Education and Sport Science","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136027368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0