{"title":"Freeze-Thaw Behavior of FRP-Confined Concrete under Sustained Load","authors":"A. Kong, A. Fam, M. Green","doi":"10.14359/14862","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14359/14862","url":null,"abstract":"Synopsis: Fiber-reinforced polymers (FRPs) are effective in strengthening concrete structures. However, little work has examined the effects of cold regions on the behavior of the strengthened members, particularly the combined effects of sustained loading and freeze-thaw exposure. This paper presents the results of an experimental study on the durability of 70 normal weight, low strength, and non-air entrained concrete cylinders (150 x 300mm). The cylinders were confined with glass-FRP (GFRP) sheets or carbon-FRP (CFRP) sheets and exposed to 300 freeze-thaw cycles while under sustained axial compression loads. FRP-wrapped cylinders showed exceptional durability performance after their extreme exposure to freeze-thaw and sustained loading with a maximum of 12% reduction in strength. Some CFRP wrapped cylinders that were exposed to freeze-thaw without longitudinal restraint, by means of sustained loads, and all the plain concrete cylinders were completely disintegrated with virtually zero residual strength.","PeriodicalId":151616,"journal":{"name":"SP-230: 7th International Symposium on Fiber-Reinforced (FRP) Polymer Reinforcement for Concrete Structures","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127560616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Guide Examples for Design of Concrete Reinforced with FRP Bars","authors":"W. K. Feeser, V. Brown","doi":"10.14359/14874","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14359/14874","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":151616,"journal":{"name":"SP-230: 7th International Symposium on Fiber-Reinforced (FRP) Polymer Reinforcement for Concrete Structures","volume":"84 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126033644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"External Prestressing Concrete Columns with Fibrous Composite Belts","authors":"K. N. Nesheli, K. Meguro","doi":"10.14359/14913","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14359/14913","url":null,"abstract":"Synopsis: Five square columns were constructed to model shear-deficient columns and tested under constant axial compression and reversed cyclic lateral load, simultaneously. The retrofitting scheme consisted of wrapping the column along its end parts, i.e. around the plastic hinge area, by use of FRP in the form of three-centimeter wide belts. Both carbon and aramid/epoxy belts were used in this study. Moreover, for two of the specimens, the FRP belts were prestressed before applying the lateral load to the columns, and thereby, the effects of active confinement in addition to passive confinement were investigated. The proposed prestressing technique is an innovative method and can be applied manually. According to test results, while the original column exhibited brittle shear failure, all retrofitted columns developed ductile flexural response. Despite the different initial confining pressures, yet the same lateral stiffness of the confining device, the deformation ductility of all retrofitted columns was similar.","PeriodicalId":151616,"journal":{"name":"SP-230: 7th International Symposium on Fiber-Reinforced (FRP) Polymer Reinforcement for Concrete Structures","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128231913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"FRP-Confinement of Hollow Concrete Cylinders and Prisms","authors":"R. Modarelli, F. Micelli, O. Manni","doi":"10.14359/14879","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14359/14879","url":null,"abstract":"Synopsis: The use of hollow-core reinforced concrete (RC) sections for bridge piers has become a popular engineering practice to obtain a reduction of the self-weight (especially in seismic zones) and a better structural efficiency in terms of the strength/ mass and stiffness/mass ratios. In contrast to this popularity in practice, scientific studies on the mechanical behavior of such structural elements are limited. The use of Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) materials for external confinement of hollow core columns and piers is an almost unknown field at the moment. The research work presented herein aims at evaluating the influence of various experimental parameters on the effectiveness of FRP jackets applied to hollow concrete columns. Hollow-core concrete prisms and cylinders were tested under uniaxial compression to study the stress-strain relationship before and after FRP jacketing. A range of experimental parameters were investigated: different concrete strength, type of fibers, number of wrap layers, column shape and dimensions, and for square and rectangular sections, the corner radius and the cross-sectional aspect ratio. Axial strain was measured by LVDTs, while strains in the fibers were recorded by electrical strain gauges. Circular columns wrapped with FRP showed a significant increase in terms of both strength and ultimate displacements. Results obtained by laboratory tests were close to those recorded for FRP-confined concrete, which means that the increase in ultimate load was found to be comparable to that found in full circular sections. Rectangular columns showed a lower increase in ultimate capacity, compared to circular sections, even if the results related to ultimate axial displacement encourage adopting this technique for seismic retrofit to fulfill higher ductility requirements in both prismatic and cylindrical columns.","PeriodicalId":151616,"journal":{"name":"SP-230: 7th International Symposium on Fiber-Reinforced (FRP) Polymer Reinforcement for Concrete Structures","volume":"150 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125124087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Concrete Confinement Using Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer Grid","authors":"A. Michael, H. Hamilton, M. Ansley","doi":"10.14359/14877","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14359/14877","url":null,"abstract":"Synopsis: Corrosion of prestressing steel in precast concrete is a significant problem for coastal bridges in Florida. Replacement of prestressing steel with carbon fiberreinforced polymer (CFRP) reinforcement provides a potential solution to this costly problem. The Florida Department of Transportation (FDOT) structures research center has teamed with the University of Florida (UF) to evaluate CFRP reinforced piles that employ two types of carbon reinforcement: (a) CFRP reinforcing bars and (b) CFRP grid. The CFRP bars act as flexural reinforcement while the CFRP grid provides confinement to the concrete core. The focus of this paper is on the confinement provided by the embedded CFRP grid, which is tied into a circular shape and cast into the concrete in a similar configuration to spiral ties. Existing confinement models are based on confinement provided by FRP wraps. Consequently, their use in predicting confinement must be validated with tests on embedded FRP grid. Standard (152 mm x 304 mm) concrete cylinders were cast both with and without the embedded CFRP grid. The cylinders were tested in compression to determine the effect of the CFRP grid on their strength and ductility. A significant improvement in ductility was observed for the cylinders with the embedded CFRP grid compared to the control cylinders.","PeriodicalId":151616,"journal":{"name":"SP-230: 7th International Symposium on Fiber-Reinforced (FRP) Polymer Reinforcement for Concrete Structures","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121288610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Material Characterization of FRP Pre-Cured Laminates Used in theMechanically Fastened FRPStrengthening of RC Structures","authors":"A. Rizzo, N. Galati, A. Nanni, L. Dharani","doi":"10.14359/14829","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14359/14829","url":null,"abstract":"Synopsis: The Mechanically Fastened-FRP (MF-FRP) strengthening system consists of pre-cured FRP laminates having high longitudinal bearing strength attached to the concrete surface using closely spaced steel fasteners in the form of nails or concrete wedge anchors. The connection depends on several parameters such as, the intrinsic laminates properties (tensile and bearing strength), diameter and effective embedment length of the fasteners, clamping force, presence and type of washer, presence and type of filler in the gaps between the FRP material, the fastener and accessories, and the concrete. This paper focuses on the material characterization of pultruded precured laminate which was used as MF-FRP strengthening to retrofit and rehabilitate offsystem bridges in Missouri, USA. Tensile tests, in the longitudinal and transverse direction of the laminate, were performed on full section and open hole coupons in order to characterize the material. Bearing tests, in the longitudinal and transverse direction of the laminate, were performed to determine the capacity of the unrestrained fastener-FRP-concrete connection.","PeriodicalId":151616,"journal":{"name":"SP-230: 7th International Symposium on Fiber-Reinforced (FRP) Polymer Reinforcement for Concrete Structures","volume":"102 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116411570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Shear Strengthening of RC Beams with Near-Surface-Mounted CFRP Laminates","authors":"S. Dias, J. Barros","doi":"10.14359/14868","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14359/14868","url":null,"abstract":"Synopsis: The efficacies of the Near Surface Mounted (NSM) and Externally Bonded Reinforcing (EBR) techniques for the shear strengthening of rectangular cross section RC beams are compared. Both techniques are based on the use of carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) materials. The NSM was the most effective technique, and was also the easiest and fastest to apply, and assured the lowest fragile failure modes. The performance of the ACI and fib analytical formulations for the EBR shear strengthening was appraised. In general, the contribution of the CFRP systems predicted by the analytical formulations was larger than the values registered experimentally. The capability of the De Lorenzis formulation of predicting the contribution of the NSM technique for the shear strengthening of RC beams was appraised using bond stress and CFRP effective strain values obtained in pullout bending tests. This formulation provided values 61% lower than the values obtained experimentally.","PeriodicalId":151616,"journal":{"name":"SP-230: 7th International Symposium on Fiber-Reinforced (FRP) Polymer Reinforcement for Concrete Structures","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122405401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"FRP Stay-in-Place Formwork for Seismic Resistant High-Strength Concrete Columns","authors":"T. Ozbakkaloglu, M. Saatcioglu","doi":"10.14359/14911","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14359/14911","url":null,"abstract":"Synopsis: Fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) casings, in the form of stay-in-place formwork, provide an attractive alternative to conventional confinement reinforcement for concrete columns. These casings can fulfill multiple functions of; i) formwork, ii) confinement reinforcement, and iii) protective shell against corrosion, weathering and chemical attacks. This paper investigates the use of stay-in-place FRP formwork as concrete confinement reinforcement for HSC columns with circular and square crosssections. Large-scale specimens with 270 mm cross-sectional dimension and up to 90 MPa concrete strength, were tested under combined axial compression and incrementally increasing lateral deformation reversals. FRP casings were manufactured from carbon fiber sheets and epoxy resin. One of the square columns was provided with internal FRP crossties, a new technique introduced by the authors, to provide welldistributed lateral restraints along the column face, thereby improving the mechanism of confinement. The results indicate that the deformation capacity of HSC columns can be improved significantly by using FRP casings. The results further indicate that the confinement effectiveness of casings of square columns is significantly affected by the corner radius of casings. Confinement efficiency of these casings improves with the use of FRP crossties.","PeriodicalId":151616,"journal":{"name":"SP-230: 7th International Symposium on Fiber-Reinforced (FRP) Polymer Reinforcement for Concrete Structures","volume":"131 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123516481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Proposed GFRP Connectors inSandwich Panels","authors":"W. Pong, A. Girgis, M. Tadros","doi":"10.14359/14823","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14359/14823","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":151616,"journal":{"name":"SP-230: 7th International Symposium on Fiber-Reinforced (FRP) Polymer Reinforcement for Concrete Structures","volume":"72 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114837164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Bonded and Mechanically Fastened FRP Strengthening Systems: A Case Study","authors":"A. López, A. Rizzo, N. Galati, A. Nanni","doi":"10.14359/14890","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14359/14890","url":null,"abstract":"Synopsis: This paper describes a case study addressing analysis, design, installation, load rating, load testing, numerical verification and monitoring of the strengthening of an old deficient bridge under a field validation research project. The strengthening was performed by means of two composite technologies: the common manual lay-up CFRP system and a mechanically fastened FRP (MF-FRP) system. The later consisted of precured FRP laminates having high transverse bearing strength (i.e., bidirectional fibers) attached to the structural element by means of wedge anchors. Although considered a temporary solution, the technique is attractive because it requires minimum surface preparation. The bridge will be monitored for 5 years to evaluate the long-term performance of the techniques. In this sense, load tests were performed to evaluate the bridge structural behavior prior to and after the strengthening, showing that the rehabilitation performed as predicted by numerical analysis and therefore created the possibility to remove the bridge load posting.","PeriodicalId":151616,"journal":{"name":"SP-230: 7th International Symposium on Fiber-Reinforced (FRP) Polymer Reinforcement for Concrete Structures","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116753205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}