Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics最新文献

{"title":"Comparative machine learning for flood susceptibility in Subarnarekha Basin, Odisha","authors":"Pritee Krishna Das,&nbsp;Rajiv Lochan Sahu,&nbsp;Prakash Chandra Swain","doi":"10.1016/j.jastp.2025.106578","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jastp.2025.106578","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Floods present significant threats to ecological balance, infrastructure, and socioeconomic stability, underscoring the necessity of accurate flood susceptibility modeling for effective disaster preparedness and mitigation. This study evaluates the performance of five machine learning (ML) algorithms—Logistic Regression (LR), K-Nearest Neighbours (KNN), AdaBoost, XGBoost, and Artificial Neural Networks (ANN)—for flood susceptibility prediction in the Subarnarekha River Basin, Odisha. Using a 30-year dataset comprising meteorological and hydrological variables from the monsoon season, model performance was assessed using established metrics such as Area Under the Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve (AUC-ROC). The results indicate that ANN achieved the highest AUC-ROC (0.87), demonstrating superior classification capability, while Logistic Regression (0.86) and XGBoost (0.85) also exhibited strong predictive performance. The findings highlight the importance of selecting appropriate ML models for flood risk assessment and suggest that integrating additional environmental factors and optimizing hyperparameters could further enhance prediction accuracy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15096,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics","volume":"274 ","pages":"Article 106578"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144480105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The dynamical influence of energy fluxes in modulating variability of the Indian summer monsoon","authors":"R. Bhatla ,&nbsp;Archana Maurya ,&nbsp;Aashna Verma ,&nbsp;R.K. Mall ,&nbsp;Sanjay Bist","doi":"10.1016/j.jastp.2025.106568","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jastp.2025.106568","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The surface heat fluxes have a significant role in shaping the Indian summer monsoon (ISM) dynamics. The present study investigates the climatological tricadal and decadal variability of surface energy fluxes viz., net shortwave radiation flux, latent heat flux (LHF) and net heat flux (NHF) during ISM season. For that purpose, a long-term (1961–2020) reanalysis data sets derived from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts fifth-generation (ERA5) and National Center for Environmental Prediction-National Centre for Atmospheric Research reanalysis (NCEP-NCAR) has been considered. Significant regional differences and changing patterns have been observed in the distribution of energy fluxes over southern peninsular India, Arabian Sea (AS), Bay of Bengal (BoB), Equatorial Indian Ocean (EIO), and Southern Indian Ocean. The BoB and AS emerge as vital moisture sources, directly contributing to the monsoon rainfall over eastern, central and western India, respectively. A significant positive change in LHF is observed over AS (9W/m²) and EIO (12W/m²) regions, whereas over the BoB region, a negative departure of −8 W/m² has been persistent in the recent tricade. These changes correspond to the significant negative anomalous patterns of NHF, i.e., −11 W/m² over AS and −18 W/m² over EIO, alongside the highest increase in NHF value over the BoB regions (20 W/m²). The pronounced tricadal phase shift of surface fluxes over AS, EIO, and BoB is identified as a contributing factor influencing ISM rainfall.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15096,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics","volume":"274 ","pages":"Article 106568"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144336029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microphysical and cloud-to-ground lightning characteristics of three tornadoes in a squall line","authors":"Min Bao ,&nbsp;Tinglong Zhang ,&nbsp;Hongwu Guo ,&nbsp;Tiantao Cheng ,&nbsp;Zhe Li ,&nbsp;Hai Yu ,&nbsp;Yuanyuan Li","doi":"10.1016/j.jastp.2025.106576","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jastp.2025.106576","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Convective weather events accompanied by multiple tornadoes are rare. However, on 29 August 2019, a typhoon-induced squall line produced three tornadoes on Hainan Island. This rare event provides a valuable opportunity to investigate the microphysical characteristics and cloud-to-ground (CG) lightning activity during tornado periods. This research employed data from S-band dual-polarimetric Doppler weather radar and a VLF/LF three-dimensional lightning location system. Results showed that during the first tornado (developing stage), hydrometeor particles were sparse and dispersed, resulting in minimal CG lightning activity. In contrast, during the second tornado (mature stage), hydrometeor particles were abundant and concentrated, leading to the most active CG lightning. During the third tornado (dissipating stage), hydrometeor particles began to dissipate, though CG lightning activity remained higher than during the first tornado. The characteristics of hydrometeor particles and CG lightning in tornadoes were consistent with the concurrent developmental phase of the squall line. The rapid rise in the top altitude of the 40 dBZ echoes was a significant indicator of tornado formation. Furthermore, dry graupel, wet graupel, and dry snow particles exhibited strong correlations with CG lightning activity. These findings enhance our understanding of the microphysical and electrification mechanisms associated with tornadoes and provide valuable insights for improving tornado prediction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15096,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics","volume":"274 ","pages":"Article 106576"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144502465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-term sea level and climate variability at tide gauge stations: A study from Türkiye","authors":"Muharrem Hilmi Erkoç,&nbsp;Uğur Doğan","doi":"10.1016/j.jastp.2025.106580","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jastp.2025.106580","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study examines long-term sea level changes and their relationship with meteorological parameters at the Antalya, Bodrum, Erdek, and Menteş tide gauge (TG) stations along the Mediterranean, Aegean, and Marmara coasts of Türkiye between 1985 and 2024. Sea level trends were compared using both local TG data (TUDES) and satellite altimetry data from the Copernicus Marine Service (CMEMS). Trends in meteorological parameters were evaluated using parametric (least squares linear model) and non-parametric (Mann-Kendall trend test and Sen's Slope method) statistical analyses.</div><div>The results indicate that the regional sea level rise rate for the period 1993–2024 was estimated at 3.3 ± 1.0 mm/yr based on TG data and 3.8 ± 0.7 mm/yr based on CMEMS data. Significant increases were observed in sea water temperature (0.035–0.051 °C/year) and air temperature (0.037–0.060 °C/year), while a statistically significant increase in water vapor pressure was only observed in Bodrum.</div><div>Decreases were detected in atmospheric pressure and relative humidity; however, only the decline in relative humidity at Antalya was statistically significant. Autocorrelation analysis revealed periodic trends in sea level and meteorological observations, and cross-correlation analysis identified the lagged influence of thermal expansion and atmospheric pressure variations on sea level changes.</div><div>This research is novel in employing the longest observational record for Türkiye's coastal regions, combining in-situ and satellite-based data to provide timely insights into the coastal impacts of climate change.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15096,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics","volume":"274 ","pages":"Article 106580"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144330482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mapping of flood inundated areas using earth observation data and cloud computing platform","authors":"Mohit Arora ,&nbsp;Raj Setia ,&nbsp;Randhir Singh ,&nbsp;Sudhir Kumar Singh ,&nbsp;Sumit Kumar ,&nbsp;Brijendra Pateriya","doi":"10.1016/j.jastp.2025.106567","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jastp.2025.106567","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Floods pose a significant threat, not only impacting human lives and property, but also causing extensive damage to critical infrastructure. Rapid flood impact assessment methods require comprehensive, updated and accurate flood maps to deliver the dependable information for effective disaster risk management. In this study, the flood-inundated areas were mapped and monitored in Punjab (India) using dual-polarized (VH and VV) Sentinel-1 (A and B) images of July–August 2023 and the impact of flood on cropped area was assessed using Geographic Information System (GIS). The satellite images were processed in Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform to extract the spatial extent of flood-inundated areas. The flooded areas were validated with limited ground truth. The district wise zonal statistics was derived to find the flood inundated areas. Results showed that the backscattering coefficient (σ0) of the flooded area ranged from −4 to −20 dB for VH polarization and from −4 to −30 dB for VV polarization. These threshold limits were used to extract the flood pixels followed by masking of permanent water bodies. The water extent reached its peak from 11 to July 17, 2023 (first flood period) and again from 14 to August 17, 2023 (Second flood period) in Punjab with 5.52 % of the area inundated during first flood period and 2.65 % of the cropped area inundated during the second flood period. The overall accuracy was 91.7 % with Kappa Coefficient of 0.83 in VV polarization and 86.2 % with Kappa Coefficient of 0.73 in VH polarization. Paddy was mostly inundated by flooding in the areas with lower elevation, high runoff and along the river breeches. These results suggest that spatio-temporal mapping of flood inundation is important for policy makers towards flood risk preparedness, raising awareness, designing the mitigation strategies and implementation of flood management planning to protect nature and human life.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15096,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics","volume":"274 ","pages":"Article 106567"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144297708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of Pc5 pulsations and their correlation with solar wind parameters during intense geomagnetic storms","authors":"Sarup Khadka Saurav ,&nbsp;Ashok Silwal ,&nbsp;Sujan Prasad Gautam ,&nbsp;Binod Adhikari ,&nbsp;Monika Karki ,&nbsp;Luciano Aparecido Magrini ,&nbsp;Ezequiel Echer ,&nbsp;Odim Mendes ,&nbsp;Margarete Oliveira Domingues","doi":"10.1016/j.jastp.2025.106534","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jastp.2025.106534","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study examines Pc5 ultra-low frequency (ULF) waves and their relationship with solar wind parameters and geomagnetic indices during two extended periods of intense ULF activity on 19 February 2014 and 22–23 June 2015. We analyze observations from ground-based magnetometers and the Operating Missions as Nodes on the Internet (OMNI) dataset, employing continuous wavelet transform (CWT) and cross-correlation as primary statistical tools. Our results reveal that: (1) interplanetary parameters and geomagnetic indices exhibit strong correlations with Pc5 pulsations; (2) the majority of significant Pc5 power is concentrated within the 6–9 min period band. This suggests that low-latitude geomagnetic fluctuations are not locally generated but rather reflect global geomagnetic field variations originating in the magnetosphere and high-latitude ionosphere, consistent with previous findings. While the southward component of the Interplanetary Magnetic Field (IMF) <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>B</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>z</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> is often considered the primary driver of geomagnetic storms, we find its influence on Pc5 pulsations to be minimal. Instead, our analysis shows that ground-based Pc5 power scales with solar wind speed, corroborating the role of solar wind dynamics in modulating Pc5 wave activity. These findings enhance our understanding of Pc5 wave excitation mechanisms and their dependence on solar wind conditions during geomagnetic storms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15096,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics","volume":"274 ","pages":"Article 106534"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144290500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing seismic activity classification in augmented soil gas radon time series data through computational intelligence techniques","authors":"Nadeem Bashir ,&nbsp;Adil Aslam Mir ,&nbsp;Muhammad Osama ,&nbsp;Saba Maqsood Abbasi ,&nbsp;Dimitrios Nikolopoulos ,&nbsp;Shahzad Ahmad Qureshi ,&nbsp;Muhammad Rafique","doi":"10.1016/j.jastp.2025.106560","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jastp.2025.106560","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The classification of seismic activities with anomalous radon time series (ARTS) is promising but hindered by unbalanced data. Rare events like earthquakes make standard classification methods less effective. For such types of problems supervised classification algorithms do not work effectively since they are designed to learn on balanced datasets. Specifically, different techniques viz. Synthetic Minority Over-sampling Technique (SMOTE), Density-Based Synthetic Minority Over-sampling Technique (DBSMOTE), and Adaptive Synthetic Sampling (ADASYN) have been used to address the class imbalance problem inherited within the original soil gas radon time series. Numerous machine and deep learning methods are considered to be the prominent classifiers, including logistic regression, support vector machines (SVM), XGBoost, long-short-term memory (LSTM), and convolutional neural networks (CNN). The investigation has been focused on optimizing the classification of imbalanced datasets through the selection of oversampling methods and learning algorithms. This study indicates that window size and overlapping parameters greatly affect model performance, particularly in discerning seismic events, with larger windows presenting challenges. SVM stands out as a relatively accurate classifier, consistently achieving competitive AUC values without overfitting. Data augmentation techniques show mixed effects, underscoring the need for careful selection based on dataset characteristics. This study suggests that SVM with oversampling methods offers an effective approach for seismic anomaly classification in earthquake prediction using soil radon gas time series data. The dataset for this study comprises soil radon and thoron gas concentration time series along with meteorological parameters spanning 14 months. Four seismic events were recorded during the data collection period. during the whole study period.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15096,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics","volume":"274 ","pages":"Article 106560"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144255160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to ‘Assessing temperature and water vapour in the atmospheric column over South America: a synopsis of identified trends using ERA5 reanalysis’ [J. Atmos. Sol. Terr. Phys. Vol. 271 (2025) 106514]","authors":"Anna Carolina Bazzanela,&nbsp;Wanderson Luiz-Silva,&nbsp;Juan Neres de Souza,&nbsp;José Ricardo de Almeida França,&nbsp;Lucas Menezes,&nbsp;Fabricio Polifke da Silva","doi":"10.1016/j.jastp.2025.106529","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jastp.2025.106529","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15096,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics","volume":"272 ","pages":"Article 106529"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144261629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Atmospheric infrasound disturbances during the large 2013 May 22 solar energetic particle event","authors":"O. Ivantyshyn ,&nbsp;L. Chernogor ,&nbsp;D. Ivantyshyn ,&nbsp;B. Rusyn ,&nbsp;A. Lozynskyy ,&nbsp;M. Melnyk","doi":"10.1016/j.jastp.2025.106547","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jastp.2025.106547","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The paper presents research on atmospheric infrasound disturbances during large solar energetic particle event on 2013 May 22. This event is remarkable for its interacting coronal mass ejections, which caused a high level of particle intensity, that reached the value of 2740 <span><math><mrow><mi>c</mi><msup><mrow><mi>m</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup><msup><mrow><mi>s</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup><mi>s</mi><msup><mrow><mi>r</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span> in the <span><math><mo>&gt;</mo></math></span>1 MeV GOES energy channel respectively according to NOAA GOES data. The maximum energetic particle flux occurred at 08:20 UT on 05/23/2013 and about three hours after that, we registered the beginning of the daily cycle disturbance of natural atmospheric infrasound with a duration of up to 2 days and an increase in the magnitude of infrasound by <span><math><mrow><mo>∼</mo><mn>3</mn><mo>÷</mo></mrow></math></span>4 times. A probable mechanism of infrasound generation is proposed. The observed value of the time delay of infrasound arrival in relation to the moment of generation of energetic protons consists mainly of the infrasound propagation time from high latitudes to the observatory and is counted from the moment the peak flux of lower-energy protons arrives. It is found that before the disturbance, the spectrum of the atmospheric infrasound signal was dominated by oscillations with a period of <span><math><mrow><mi>T</mi><mo>≈</mo><mn>300</mn></mrow></math></span> s, while after the disturbance, the width of the infrasound frequency spectrum increased and oscillations with periods of <span><math><mrow><mi>T</mi><mo>≈</mo><mn>100</mn><mo>÷</mo><mn>230</mn></mrow></math></span> s became dominant. The correlation of the proton flux density and the infrasound amplitude with the electric field strength in the surface atmosphere is revealed and explained.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15096,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics","volume":"274 ","pages":"Article 106547"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144255161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the Impact of Orographic and Non-Orographic Gravity Waves on Arctic Stratospheric Polar Vortex Dynamics and Springtime Ozone Loss","authors":"Anish Kumar,&nbsp;Khalil Karami,&nbsp;Christoph Jacobi,&nbsp;Sina Mehrdad","doi":"10.1016/j.jastp.2025.106538","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jastp.2025.106538","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Arctic stratospheric polar vortex (SPV) exhibits strong interannual variability due to the large landmass in the Northern Hemisphere (NH), which also enhances the generation of orographic and non-orographic gravity waves (GWs). In this study, two idealized experiments with the ICOsahedral Nonhydrostatic (ICON) model over a 30-year period were analyzed. One experiment involved turning off orographic waves (NO_SSO), while the other one involved turned off non-orographic waves (NO_NON).</div><div>The NO_NON experiment exhibits a significantly smaller vortex area than the control simulation (ICON-CTL) and is also smaller than in the NO_SSO experiment at the same levels. In both experiments, the SPV is located more poleward compared to ICON-CTL, with the vortex center in NO_SSO being closest to the pole. The NO_SSO experiment demonstrates stronger and more stable vortices during late winter and early spring, while the NO_NON experiment shows a smaller vortex area and a shorter lifespan. The NO_NON experiment shows the highest variability in SPV breakup days.</div><div>The Polar Stratospheric Cloud (PSC) volumes in the ICON-CTL run are mainly consistent with ERA5, although they are slightly overestimated. The sensitivity experiments reveal higher PSC volumes compared to ICON-CTL, with NO_SSO maintaining significantly larger volumes during late winter and early spring. The ICON-CTL run included two exceptionally strong vortex (ESV) events over the 30-year period, while NO_NON recorded none; and NO_SSO showed an unprecedented frequency of 13 ESV events during the same period.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15096,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics","volume":"273 ","pages":"Article 106538"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144212117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}