Journal of Arthropod-Borne Diseases最新文献

{"title":"Pediculicidal Activity of <i>Foeniculum vulgare</i> Essential Oil in Treatment of <i>Pediculus capitis</i> as a Public Health Problem.","authors":"Elham Jahanifard,&nbsp;Hoda Ghofleh-Maramazi,&nbsp;Mona Sharififard,&nbsp;Mohammad Mahmoodi Sourestani,&nbsp;Amal Saki-Malehi,&nbsp;Elham Maraghi,&nbsp;Sima Rasaei","doi":"10.18502/jad.v16i1.11193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/jad.v16i1.11193","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Pediculosis, caused by <i>Pediculus</i> spp is an important public health problem in urban and rural areas around the world. Natural compounds such as plant essential oils (EOs) have been suggested as a potential alternative for insect pest control recently. The purpose of this study was to investigate the toxicity of <i>Foeniculum vulgare</i> essential oil against the head louse, <i>Pediculus capitis</i> under laboratory conditions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Fennel essential oil components were analyzed using GC-mass apparatus. Immersion and contact filter paper bioassays were used to evaluate fennel essential oil toxicity at the two-fold concentrations of 2.5, 5, 10, 20, and 40% against nit and nymph/adult stages of the head louse.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Trans-anethole, α-Thujone, and limonene, which consisted of 76.08%, 10.37%, and 5.34% were the most components of fennel oil respectively. The LC₅₀ values for the adult /nymphs were 11.5, 6.4, 3.9, 3.1 and 2.5% and LC₉₉ values were 29.5, 15.2, 12.8, 10.8, and 7.4% at 10, 20, 30, 45 and 60 minutes after exposure respectively. The lethal times (LT₅₀) for adults/nymphs were 5.2, 8.1, 9.5, 20.5, and 45.8 minutes and LT₉₉ were 138.6, 91.3, 23.8, 21.7, and 13.9 minutes in the concentrations of 2.5, 5, 10, 20 and 40%, respectively. LC₅₀ and LC₉₉ values were 2.32% and 7.36% after 5 days for the eggs.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Fennel essential oil at the concentration of 15% after 20min is suggested to develop as an appropriate formulation to evaluate in clinical trials.</p>","PeriodicalId":15095,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Arthropod-Borne Diseases","volume":"16 1","pages":"61-71"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/5a/d3/JAD-16-61.PMC9807837.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9076390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiological Study of Pediculosis among Primary School Children in Sulaimani Governorate, Kurdistan Region of Iraq.","authors":"Yadgar Hussein Hama-Karim,&nbsp;Pary Mohammad Azize,&nbsp;Salar Ibrahim Ali,&nbsp;Shahow Abdulrehman Ezzaddin","doi":"10.18502/jad.v16i1.11195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/jad.v16i1.11195","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Pediculosis is a common parasitic public health issue. Many socio-demographic and economic factors affect the pattern and prevalence of pediculosis. It is widely spread among pupils, particularly those in elementary schools. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of <i>Pediculus capitis</i> infestation and its related risk factors in primary school children in Sulaimani Governorate, Kurdistan Region of Iraq.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This is a cross-sectional study, overall, 2064 primary school children (aged 5-14 years) during the period from October 2019 to February 2020 were randomly examined for the presence of any stage of <i>Pediculosis capitis</i> in both urban and suburban areas. The schools were selected by multistage sampling methods. A questionnaire was sent to the parents to get consent and fill in for every single pupil. The results were computed using the chi-square test and logistic regression analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The overall prevalence of head lice infestation was (9.16%). The study found a significant association of <i>Pediculosis capitis</i> infestation with gender, parents' education level, mother's employment, number of siblings, and previous infestation. The older age of children (≥12 years old) and the higher-grade pupils (4^th to 6^th class) were more infested.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Head lice remain a health problem for school children. It needs collaboration of many sectors for decreasing and early detection and treatment in both urban and suburban areas since they have a close rate of infestation.</p>","PeriodicalId":15095,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Arthropod-Borne Diseases","volume":"16 1","pages":"72-83"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/4b/a2/JAD-16-72.PMC9807842.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9076391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detection of Malaria Parasites and Other Haemosporidia in Migratory and Native Birds in Mazandaran and Golestan Provinces, Iran.","authors":"Seyedeh Fatemeh Ehsani-Amrei,&nbsp;Afsaneh Motevalli-Haghi,&nbsp;Mehdi Nateghpour,&nbsp;Mehdi Mohebali,&nbsp;Mohammad Reza Youssefi,&nbsp;Omid Raiesi,&nbsp;Seif Ali Mahdavi,&nbsp;Leila Farivar","doi":"10.18502/jad.v16i1.11189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/jad.v16i1.11189","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>A variety of haemoprotozoa including <i>Plasmodium</i>, <i>Haemoproteus</i> and <i>Leucocytozoon</i> cause infections in birds and are transmitted by some known vectors. These parasites cause anemia, low appetite, weakness and ultimately death in birds. The present study was aimed to determine these parasites, in birds of Mazandaran and Golestan provinces in Iran.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The project was performed on 340 live birds in 2016. The samples were collected from February to September 2016, from each bird, two thin and thick blood smears were prepared and the remaining blood about 1ml was kept in EDTA-containing tubes for molecular studies. The slides were stained with 10% Giemsa, then examined microscopically. About ten percent of the negative samples were considered for Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) technique, using specific primers to diagnose <i>Plasmodium</i> and <i>Haemoproteus</i> spp. Electrophoresis was done for PCR products and relevant bands to the parasites were identified based on the size. The considered birds belonged to ducks, chickens, roosters, and pigeons.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>From 340 microscopically examined blood samples 32 (9.5%) samples were positive. Twenty-five (7.35%) of them were infected with the genus <i>Haemoproteus</i>. Seven samples (14%) out of 50 microscopically negative samples were found as <i>Haemoproteus</i> or <i>Plasmodium</i> spp when PCR technique was employed.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study revealed the existence of malaria parasites and other haemosporidia in birds in Iran. Employing molecular methods (PCR examination) could detect more infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":15095,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Arthropod-Borne Diseases","volume":"16 1","pages":"26-33"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/c4/90/JAD-16-26.PMC9807839.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10581863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular Evaluation of the Novel Coronavirus Infection of Cockroaches and Flies Collected from Kamkar-Arabnia Hospital in Qom City, Central Iran: With Innovated Internal Control.","authors":"Reza Fotouhi-Ardakani,&nbsp;Majid Kababian,&nbsp;Abedin Saghafipour,&nbsp;Melika Alirezaei,&nbsp;Hassan Vatandoost","doi":"10.18502/jad.v15i4.10500","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/jad.v15i4.10500","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Due to the confirmation of the presence of the novel coronavirus in the feces and municipal sewerage system, and the feeding of domestic insects from fecal matter, as well as the ability of these insects to mechanically transmit microbes from the sewerage system. This study was aimed at molecular evaluation of the novel coronavirus infection isolated on cockroaches and flies collected from Kamkar-Arabnia Hospital in Qom City, Iran.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Totally, 18 samples; (12 samples cockroaches and 6 flies) from the external surface of cockroaches and houseflies as well as their digestive system were prepared. After designed and synthetized exogenous heterologous internal control, the RNA was extracted to investigate the contamination of these samples with the novel coronavirus. To detect the virus, the E and RdRp genes were identified.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Investigation of coronavirus E gene using the multiplex one-step qPCR technique on the collected samples showed an amplification plot in CT= 35.70 related to the internal surfaces of cockroaches collected from the treatment and sick room of the hospital. Also, the design of internal control to ensure the accuracy of the extraction process was successful.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>According to the findings of the present study regarding detecting the presence of the coronavirus infection in the digestive system of domestic insects such as American cockroaches and considering their ability to mechanically transmit viruses, it is recommended to control the domestic insects that are in close contact with humans in crowded places such as hospitals and health centers during the Covid-19 pandemic.</p>","PeriodicalId":15095,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Arthropod-Borne Diseases","volume":"15 4","pages":"358-365"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/86/48/JAD-15-358.PMC9810581.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10527382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Scabies Crustosa in a Patient with Insufficientia Renalis-Case Report.","authors":"Antigona Begolli Gerqari,&nbsp;Mybera Ferizi,&nbsp;Sadije Halimi,&nbsp;Ilir Begolli,&nbsp;Mirije Begolli,&nbsp;Idriz Gerqari","doi":"10.18502/jad.v15i4.10506","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/jad.v15i4.10506","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>SScabies is caused by the parasite <i>Sarcoptes scabiei</i>. The disease was first described in ancient Greece, while Ferdinand Von Hebra described the stages of development of the arthropodite from the egg to larvae and the adult form of sarcoptosis. The final stage is characterized by the travel of the female parasite and the laying of eggs in stratum corneum and followed by the death of the causer. The main characteristic symptom of scabies is relentless pruritus which is a result of such an infestation inside the skin, as the body reacts to parasites and their excretions, where mites burrow and lay eggs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Here we present the 85-year-old patient with scabies crustosa, latent diabetes and renal insufficiency.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Persistent pruritus and scabies rash, where large numbers of mites were detected, was left untreated and further progressed into sores due to scratching. Weakened immunity and chronic illness in the patient resulted in a more severe form of the disease which was diagnosed as scabies crustosa. After treatment with a supplemented antiscabiotic regimen, the patient remained symptom free.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Large population movements, one of the main factors of spread and frequent incidence of scabies, contact with the sick, hygiene means, exchange of wardrobes, sharing bed with the sick, schools, preschools, old-age-care institutions and hospitals, enable spread of the disease. In addition, severe types of scabies that form thick crusts on the skin and present with pruritus as a symptom should be considered in immunocompromised and elderly patients with renal insufficiency where pruritus is also prevalent.</p>","PeriodicalId":15095,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Arthropod-Borne Diseases","volume":"15 4","pages":"421-425"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/9b/eb/JAD-15-421.PMC9810579.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10527383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation on Mosquitoes Fauna (Diptera: Culicidae) and Probable Vector of West Nile Virus in Lorestan Province, Western Iran.","authors":"Seyed Hassan Moosa-Kazemi,&nbsp;Yadollah Etemadi,&nbsp;Mohammad Mehdi Sedaghat,&nbsp;Hassan Vatandoost,&nbsp;Hamid Mokhayeri,&nbsp;Mohammad Hassan Kayedi","doi":"10.18502/jad.v15i4.10504","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/jad.v15i4.10504","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Fauna and larval habitat characteristics studies on mosquitoes are important tools to identify the breeding places of the vectors and management of the control strategies. This study was done to provide data on Culicidae fauna, larval habitat characteristics and identifying potential vectors of West Nile virus in Lorestan Province, west of Iran.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Culicidae mosquitoes were collected at three counties and nine site stations from Lorestan Province, west of Iran in 2017. Adult mosquitoes were collected using human and animal bite collection methods, New Jersey and CDC light traps and pit shelters by aspirator. Larva were collected by dipping method. RT-PCR technique was employed for detection of the West Nile virus among mosquito's samples.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>4805 mosquitoes were collected from three counties and nine sites in Lorestan Province during June-October 2017, including 4363 adults and 442 larvae. The most abundant species collected from all counties in both adult and larval stages were <i>Culex pipiens</i> (49.10%), <i>Cx. theileri</i> (31.82%), <i>Anopheles maculipennis</i> (11.09%), <i>An. superpictus</i> (2.66%), <i>An. stephensi</i> (2.12%), <i>Cx. perexiguus</i> (1.89%), <i>An. dthali</i> (1.17%) and <i>An. sacharovi</i> (0.15%) respectively. West Nile virus was detected in none of mosquitoes examined.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results of this study revealed that arbovirus vectors such as <i>Cx. pipiens</i> along with <i>Cx. theileri</i> and <i>Cx. perexiguus</i> are well adapted to a broad range of habitats and different climatic conditions in Lorestan Province. That necessitates further routine surveillance of arboviral infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":15095,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Arthropod-Borne Diseases","volume":"15 4","pages":"397-404"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/05/9f/JAD-15-397.PMC9810582.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10527387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detection of Deltamethrin Resistance in Cattle Tick, <i>Rhipicephalus microplus</i> Collected in Western Haryana State of India.","authors":"Snehil Gupta,&nbsp;Surbhi,&nbsp;Sachin Kumar","doi":"10.18502/jad.v15i4.10503","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/jad.v15i4.10503","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Out of 931 species of ticks, <i>Rhipicephalus microplus</i> is the most widely studied tick species due to its pivotal role in transmission of babesiosis and anaplasmosis, resulting in huge economic loss in cattle and buffalo's industry. Chemical control using deltamethrin forms the mainstay of tick control strategy because of high potency and low toxicity. However, inadvertent use of deltamethrin has led to the development of deltamethrin resistance in field ticks.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The engorged female ticks were collected in a plastic container covered with a cotton plug from 10 places (Jarwa, Barwa, Khajakhera, Banisi, Nakipur, Dhangar, Badopal, Shivalya Dharamshala, Siwani and Meham) of five districts of western Haryana. The Larval Packet Test (LPT) was conducted for the characterization of resistance in field tick.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the present study, ticks were collected from 10 places from 5 districts of western Haryana and evaluated against deltamethrin using larval packed test. The LC₅₀ values (confidence interval) of ticks larvae against deltamethrin collected from Nakipur, Dhangar, Barwa, Badopal, Shivalya Dharamshala, Siwani, Jarwa, Khajakhera, Meham and Banisi are 73.6 (67.2-81.9), 61.2 (61.6-98.5), 52.7 (14.4-101.0), 140.0 (86.7-448.6), 65.8 (37.1-95.2), 232.1 (201.0-304.7), 3.72 (0.20-9.87), 21.3 (12.0-31.6), 107.6 (96.8-127.6), 54.2 (43.4-58.4) ppm, respectively. The resistance factor ranges from 0.31 to 11.86, indicating variable resistance among field isolates.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Data generated on deltamethrin resistance status in R. microplus from Haryana, India can be used as an indicator for the management of the species in the state.</p>","PeriodicalId":15095,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Arthropod-Borne Diseases","volume":"15 4","pages":"389-396"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/f0/f5/JAD-15-389.PMC9810580.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10534452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insecticide Resistance and Mechanisms of <i>Culex pipiens</i> Populations in the Mediterranean and Aegean Regions of Turkey During 2017-2018.","authors":"Sare İlknur Yavaşoğlu,&nbsp;Fatih Mehmet Şimşek","doi":"10.18502/jad.v15i4.10505","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/jad.v15i4.10505","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong><i>Culex pipiens</i> has a significant public health importance since it is an important vector of West Nile virus and Rift Valley fever virus. We, therefore, aimed to determine the insecticide resistance level in <i>Cx. pipiens</i> populations in the Aegean and Mediterranean regions of Turkey.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Bioassays have been carried out against Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) (4%), Malathion (5%), Fenitrothion (1%), Propoxur (0.1%), Bendiocarb (0.1%), Permethrin (0.75%) and Deltamethrin (0.05%). Biochemical analyses have been performed to detect non-specific esterase, mixed function oxidase, glutathione-s-transferase and acetylcholinesterase levels. A knockdown resistance (<i>kdr)</i> (L1014F) and Acetylcholinesterase (Ace-1) (G119S) mutations have been detected by using allele-specific primers and a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of specific alleles (PASA) diagnostic test was performed for detection of F290V mutation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Bioassay results showed that all <i>Cx. pipiens</i> populations were resistant to DDT, Malathion, Fenitrothion, Bendiocarb, Propoxur and some of the populations have started to gain Permethrin and Deltamethrin resistance. Biochemical analyses results revealed that altered glutathione-s-transferases, P450 monooxygenases, esterase levels might be responsible for DDT, organophosphate, carbamate and pyrethroid resistance in <i>Cx. pipiens</i> populations. Results showed mild to high frequency of L1014F, low frequency of F290V but no Ace-1 G119S mutation within the populations. Additionally, acetylcholinesterase insensitivity was not significantly high within the most of these populations.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Overall results may help to fulfil the lacking information in the literature regarding insecticide resistance status and underlying mechanism of <i>Culex pipiens</i> populations of the Mediterranean and Aegean region of Turkey by using all bioassays, molecular tests and biochemical assays.</p>","PeriodicalId":15095,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Arthropod-Borne Diseases","volume":"15 4","pages":"405-420"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/3e/a2/JAD-15-405.PMC9810578.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10527385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Nanoemulsion of <i>Eucalyptus globulus</i> Oil as Potent Botanical Larvicide against Malaria Vector, <i>Anopheles stephensi</i> and West Nile Vector, <i>Culex pipiens</i> Under Laboratory and Semi-Field Conditions.","authors":"Sara Sabzalizade,&nbsp;Amir Amani,&nbsp;Hassan Vatandoost,&nbsp;Fatemeh Hosseini,&nbsp;Roya Najafi-Taher,&nbsp;Hamid Reza Basseri","doi":"10.18502/jad.v15i4.10502","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/jad.v15i4.10502","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Due to undesired environmental impact of insecticides as well as resistant of vectors to them, the development of organic and natural insecticides has been more considered. In the current study, we developed nanoemulsion of eucalyptus and investigated lavicidal activity of it against malaria vector, <i>Anopheles stephensi</i> and <i>Culex pipiens</i> under laboratory as well as semi-field conditions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An optimized nanoemulsion was prepared by mixing Eucalyptus oil, Tween 80 and ethanol at ratio of 1:2:1.5 in distilled water, then, stirred for 20 minutes at room temperature. The product was then used for bioassay tests against 3-4^th instar larvae of <i>Anopheles stephensi</i> as well as <i>Culex pipiens</i>. Furthermore, a semi-field trial was carried out to evaluate larvicidal activity of nanoemulsion of eucalyptus.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Nanoemulsion of eucalyptus showed significantly high lavicidal activity comparing with bulk eucalyptus essential oil. The LC₅₀ and LC90 value of nanoemulsion against <i>An. stephensi</i> were 111.0 and 180.8 ppm respectively and 29.5 and 73.7 ppm for <i>Cx. pipiens</i>, respectively. In the semi field condition, the Nanoemulsion of eucalyptus decreased 1-2^nd instar larval density of Culicines and Anophelines to 90.1% and 85.2%, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The nano formulation of eucalyptus oil showed high larvicidal activity. Therefore, nanoemulsion of eucalyptus oil can be used as an eco-friendly larvicide against mosquitoes.</p>","PeriodicalId":15095,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Arthropod-Borne Diseases","volume":"15 4","pages":"380-388"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/6a/87/JAD-15-380.PMC9810577.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10527389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Susceptibility Status of <i>Phlebotomus papatasi</i>, the Main Vector of Zoonotic Cutaneous Leishmaniasis, to Different WHO Recommended Insecticides in an Endemic Focus, Central Iran.","authors":"Zahra Saeidi,&nbsp;Hassan Vatandoost,&nbsp;Morteza Zaim,&nbsp;Reza Ahmadkhaniha,&nbsp;Yavar Rassi,&nbsp;Alireza Zahraei-Ramazani,&nbsp;Mohammad Hossein Arandian,&nbsp;Reza Jafari,&nbsp;Yamdeu Joseph Hubert Galani,&nbsp;Alireza Sanei-Dehkordi,&nbsp;Mohammad Reza Yaghoobi-Ershadi,&nbsp;Amir Ahmad Akhavan","doi":"10.18502/jad.v15i4.10501","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/jad.v15i4.10501","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Among neglected zoonotic diseases, leishmaniases caused by <i>Leishmania</i> parasite through infected female sand fly bite, are a group of diseases found in 98 countries and territories representing a critical burden of disease worldwide. Vector management plays a crucial role in reducing the burden of vector-borne diseases by WHO's global plan. The objective of the current study was to assess the susceptibility status of wild phlebotomine sand flies from Esfahan Province, central Iran, to the recommended insecticides by WHO.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Sand flies were collected by mouth aspirator in Matin Abad desert Eco-resort and were tested using WHO adult mosquito test kit against Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) 4%, Deltamethrin 0.05%, Malathion 5% and Propoxur 0.1%. The number of knockdown sand flies were recorded during exposure time in ten minutes interval for DDT and Deltamethrin and they were allowed to recover for 24 hours. Knockdown Time₅₀ (KD₅₀) and KD₉₀ were generated for them using Probit software. They were mounted and identified by valid keys.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the tested insecticides against female <i>Phlebotomus papatasi</i>, DDT, Deltamethrin, and Malathion recorded the highest mortality rate of 100%, followed by Propoxur with 92.2% mortality for a one-hour exposure. For DDT, KD₅₀ and KD₉₀ were calculated 21.87 and 42.93 and for Deltamethrin, they were 23.74 and 56.50 minutes respectively. Total sand flies exposed with DDT and Deltamethrin shed their leg(s).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>It is concluded that <i>Ph. papatasi</i> from central Iran is susceptible to DDT, Deltamethrin, Malathion, and Propoxur.</p>","PeriodicalId":15095,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Arthropod-Borne Diseases","volume":"15 4","pages":"366-379"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/ad/50/JAD-15-366.PMC9810583.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10527386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}