Journal of Arthropod-Borne Diseases最新文献_第8页

Evaluation of Efficiency of Ivermectin Lotion in Comparison with Permethrin Shampoo and Dimethicone Lotion for Treatment of Head Lice (Pediculus humanus capitis) in Areas Covered by Health Centers of Islamshahr City, Tehran, Iran in 2019. 2019年伊朗德黑兰市伊维菌素洗剂与氯菊酯洗剂和二甲硅油洗剂治疗头虱(人头虱)效果比较

IF 0.9 4区医学

Journal of Arthropod-Borne Diseases Pub Date : 2021-09-01 DOI: 10.18502/jad.v15i3.9820

Leila Hamedanian, Mohammad Reza Salmani Nadoshan, Hassan Vatandoost, Mojgan Baniardalani, Javad Rafinejad

{"title":"Evaluation of Efficiency of Ivermectin Lotion in Comparison with Permethrin Shampoo and Dimethicone Lotion for Treatment of Head Lice (Pediculus humanus capitis) in Areas Covered by Health Centers of Islamshahr City, Tehran, Iran in 2019.","authors":"Leila Hamedanian, Mohammad Reza Salmani Nadoshan, Hassan Vatandoost, Mojgan Baniardalani, Javad Rafinejad","doi":"10.18502/jad.v15i3.9820","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/jad.v15i3.9820","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Head lice infestation is known as a serious health problem in developing and developed countries. The prevalence of pediculosis in children and females is higher than others. The infestation may cause the absence of student from school and make their parents upset. The aim of current study was to evaluate the WHO recommended insecticides for control of head lice in Islamshahr health center.Methods: In the current study infested individuals were older than 6 years old and have been diagnosed with at least 3 head lice adult and 10 live nits from less than 0.7 cm scalp. The pediculicides was applied randomly among groups. Permethrin shampoo as a golden standard was used. Dimethicone lotion 4% and Ivermectin lotion was compared with it. This study was conducted on 179 infested people. Results of infestation were evaluated after one month of intervention. Different indicators such as: present of head lice adult or live nit, redness and irritation in head skin were invested.Results: All the participants were female and 72.6% of them were in the age group of 6-11. The result revealed that aging not only decreases the infection rate but also raised the recovery percentage. The results showed that 79.5% permethrin receiver, 83% of people who treated with Dimethicone lotion and 90.6% of Ivermectin receiver had no head lice. There was no significant difference among these three pediculicides.Conclusion: There was no significant difference among tested pediculicides. An appropriate pediculicide can be selected by training people.","PeriodicalId":15095,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Arthropod-Borne Diseases","volume":"15 3","pages":"325-332"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/f8/aa/JAD-15-325.PMC9759447.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10457439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Possible Synergistic Effect of Combined Metarhizium anisopliae and Fenitrothion for Control of German Cockroach (Blattella germanica) as a Novel Approach. 金龟子绿僵菌与灭蟑力联用防治德国小蠊的新途径

IF 0.9 4区医学

Journal of Arthropod-Borne Diseases Pub Date : 2021-09-01 DOI: 10.18502/jad.v15i3.9818

Mohammad Reza Khaksar, Majid Kababian, Roohollah Fateh, Abedin Saghafipour, Hassan Vatandoost, Mona Sharififard

{"title":"Possible Synergistic Effect of Combined Metarhizium anisopliae and Fenitrothion for Control of German Cockroach (Blattella germanica) as a Novel Approach.","authors":"Mohammad Reza Khaksar, Majid Kababian, Roohollah Fateh, Abedin Saghafipour, Hassan Vatandoost, Mona Sharififard","doi":"10.18502/jad.v15i3.9818","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/jad.v15i3.9818","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Cockroaches are one of the most common pests in many residential areas. In this study, the simultaneous effects of fungi, Metarhizium anisopliae and fenitrothion-coated baits on the mortality rate of the German cockroach nymphs were investigated.Methods: To determine the lethal level of fenitrothion insecticide, a bioassay test was performed on the last instar nymphs of the German cockroach reared at insectarium conditions. Various toxic concentrations of fenitrothion (0.1%, 0.3%, 0.5%, 0.7%, 0.9%, 1.5%, and 2%) were used. Different concentrations of M. anisopliae (1×104, 1×105, 1×106, 1×107, 1×108 Conidia/ml) were also applied to nymphs. Eventually, we combined the effective dose of fenitrothion (0.93%) with the effective concentration of M. anisopliae (6.6 ×106 Conidia/ml) to provide the fungus-coated bait to attract insects. Mortality was recorded 24-96 hours after exposure to the toxic bait. The resulting data were subjected to Probit analysis.Results: The results of applying M. anisopliae spores with fenitrothion composition showed that the mortality rate of German cockroach nymphs was significant. Therefore, the optimal dose of fenitrothion used in combination with M. anisopliae seems essential to reduce the German cockroach nymphs.Conclusion: The results of this study can be considered a suitable method as a mixture with low cost and minimal damage to the environment and other organisms.","PeriodicalId":15095,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Arthropod-Borne Diseases","volume":"15 3","pages":"314-324"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/f0/78/JAD-15-314.PMC9759444.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10453360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The First Report of the Dangerous Scorpion Hemiscorpius acanthocercus from Hormoz Island in the Persian Gulf. 波斯湾霍尔木兹岛危险蝎类半蝎棘尾首次报告。

IF 0.9 4区医学

Journal of Arthropod-Borne Diseases Pub Date : 2021-09-01 DOI: 10.18502/jad.v15i3.9822

Mehran Shahi, Hossein Sanaei-Zadeh

引用次数: 0

Human Cutaneous Leishmaniosis in Iran, Up to Date-2019. 伊朗的人类皮肤利什曼病，截至 2019 年。

IF 0.6 4区医学

Journal of Arthropod-Borne Diseases Pub Date : 2021-06-30 eCollection Date: 2021-06-01 DOI: 10.18502/jad.v15i2.7483

Mohamad Reza Razavi, Mohammad Reza Shirzadi, Mehdi Mohebali, Mohammad Reza Yaghoobi-Ershadi, Hassan Vatandoost, Mehrshad Shirzadi, Mohammad Mehdi Gouya, Faranak Gharachorloo, Shahnam Arshi, Behzad Amiri

{"title":"Human Cutaneous Leishmaniosis in Iran, Up to Date-2019.","authors":"Mohamad Reza Razavi, Mohammad Reza Shirzadi, Mehdi Mohebali, Mohammad Reza Yaghoobi-Ershadi, Hassan Vatandoost, Mehrshad Shirzadi, Mohammad Mehdi Gouya, Faranak Gharachorloo, Shahnam Arshi, Behzad Amiri","doi":"10.18502/jad.v15i2.7483","DOIUrl":"10.18502/jad.v15i2.7483","url":null,"abstract":"Cutaneous leishmaniasis is a neglected and parasitic vector borne diseases that is endemic in tropical and subtropical countries, including Iran. The aim of this study was to explain the present status of CL in Iran. This report is based on data that recorded by cutaneous leishmaniasis surveillance system in 2019, and evaluated in Center for Communicable Diseases Management in Ministry of Health in Iran. Iran has been considered an endemic area for cutaneous leishmaniasis in the world. Dependent to activities for cutaneous leishmaniasis control the number of cases decreased from 23202 in 2008 (Incidence rate 32 per 100000) to 13124 in 2019 (Incidence rate 15.8 per 100000), more cases reported from September to December, in 2019, 46% of cases had one lesion and 21% had 2 lesions, 85% of cases diagnosed when the diameter of lesions had 3 centimeters and bellows. Although the Leishmania control program began in 1977, the incidence of the disease has dropped dramatically since 2008 when the new cutaneous leishmaniasis control program have been implemented. Although in some areas the incidence of the disease increased, but the implementation of the new program has reduced the number of cases, in order to continue reducing the disease, permanent support for the control programs is needed.","PeriodicalId":15095,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Arthropod-Borne Diseases","volume":"15 2","pages":"143-151"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/db/8e/JAD-15-143.PMC8782751.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39745021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Species Variety of the Calf and Human-Attracted Mosquitoes in Southwest Iran. 伊朗西南部小牛和人诱蚊的种类变化。

IF 0.9 4区医学

Journal of Arthropod-Borne Diseases Pub Date : 2021-06-30 eCollection Date: 2021-06-01 DOI: 10.18502/jad.v15i2.7485

Parvaneh Faraji-Fard, Kambiz Ahmadi-Angali, Abdolamir Behbahani

{"title":"Species Variety of the Calf and Human-Attracted Mosquitoes in Southwest Iran.","authors":"Parvaneh Faraji-Fard, Kambiz Ahmadi-Angali, Abdolamir Behbahani","doi":"10.18502/jad.v15i2.7485","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/jad.v15i2.7485","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Any mosquito control methods requires precise information about population dynamics, variety, biology and mosquito habitat. This research assessed Culicid mosquitoes' attraction to a human host and a calf to better understand their behavior.Methods: Adult mosquitoes were sampled in 22 weeks in southwestern Iran's Nur Ali Village from May to October 2015. The mosquitoes were drawn to the person and calf as bait, while the unbaited trap was also used. A substantial statistical difference between attracted mosquitoes to the hosts was determined in the T-test.Results: Within 22 weeks, 29821 mosquitoes were captured. Only 9% were collected from the human baited net trap, 89.1% from the calf baited net trap, and 1.9% from the unbaited net trap. The number of collected female mosquitoes was statistically significantly higher using the calf baited net trap of the total mosquitoes, 916 were randomly identified at the species level by local identification keys. Of these, 63 were Anopheles stephensi (human: 16%, calf: 75% and unbaited: 9%), 83 An. pulcherrimus (human: 27%, calf: 60% and unbaited: 13%), 118 Aedes caspius (human: 24%, calf: 69% and unbaited: 7%), 493 Culex tritaeniorhynchus (human: 52%, calf: 37% and unbaited: 11%), 153 Cx. quinquefasciatus (human: 44%, calf: 47% and unbaited: 9%), and 6 Cx. theileri (human: 33%, calf: 50% and unbaited: 17%).Conclusion: The obtained results here provide useful insights into the mosquito population and the possibility of using this information as an essential part of integrated vector management regarding the reemergence of malaria or other mosquito-borne.","PeriodicalId":15095,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Arthropod-Borne Diseases","volume":"15 2","pages":"162-170"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/d7/82/JAD-15-162.PMC8782744.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39745023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Resistance Status of Anopheles maculipennis and Anopheles superpictus to the Conventional Insecticides in Northeastern Caspian Littoral, Iran. 伊朗里海东北部地区马氏按蚊和超照按蚊对常规杀虫剂的抗性状况。

IF 0.9 4区医学

Journal of Arthropod-Borne Diseases Pub Date : 2021-06-30 eCollection Date: 2021-06-01 DOI: 10.18502/jad.v15i2.7486

Aioub Sofizadeh, Mohammad Reza Abai, Hassan Vatandoost, Ahmad Raeisi, Mohammad Sistanizadeh-Aghdam

{"title":"Resistance Status of Anopheles maculipennis and Anopheles superpictus to the Conventional Insecticides in Northeastern Caspian Littoral, Iran.","authors":"Aioub Sofizadeh, Mohammad Reza Abai, Hassan Vatandoost, Ahmad Raeisi, Mohammad Sistanizadeh-Aghdam","doi":"10.18502/jad.v15i2.7486","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/jad.v15i2.7486","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Malaria resurgence has occurred in the northern half parts of Iran. The resurgence of malaria in the prone area could arise from various factors, e.g. wide use of pesticides in the agriculture sector and factors such as habitual patterns of movement of local people from problematic southeastern foci in Iran toward the Caspian Littoral. There are no new data on the resistance status of main malaria vectors in the Caspian Littoral, and this study was aimed at renewal data on conventional insecticides. Methods: The field strain of adult Anopheles superpictus and Anopheles maculipennis were collected using the hand catch method and transferred to the laboratory. The susceptibility tests were carried out against DDT 4%, Malathion 5%, Permethrin 0.75%, Deltamethrin 0.05%, and Lambda-cyhalothrin 0.05%, followed by the WHO’s procedure. Results: The primary malaria vector in Caspian Littoral is An. maculipennis, revealed to be still resistant to DDT and mortality rate, LT50 and LT90 of female mosquitoes were 75.0%, 54.2, minutes and 111.3 minutes. The under ‘verification required’ status of An. maculipennis was also revealed to Lambda-cyhalothrin based on recent WHO’s criteria. The malaria vector An. superpictus is also considered the second malaria vectors in the west parts of the studied area, which showed to be susceptible to all insecticides tested. Conclusion: DDT resistance is persisted in An. maculipennis despite stopping residual spraying with DDT since 1978 in the Caspian Littoral, but the occurrence of pyrethroid under ‘verification required’ status is a progressive threat to the possible development of cross-resistance in the future.","PeriodicalId":15095,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Arthropod-Borne Diseases","volume":"15 2","pages":"171-178"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/8d/2c/JAD-15-171.PMC8782743.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39745024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Effect of Geographical and Climatic Factors on the Distribution of Phlebotomus papatasi (Diptera: Psychodidae) in Golestan Province, an Endemic Focus of Zoonotic Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Iran, 2014. 地理和气候因素对伊朗人畜共患皮肤利什曼病疫区古勒斯坦省papatasblebotomus分布的影响

IF 0.9 4区医学

Journal of Arthropod-Borne Diseases Pub Date : 2021-06-30 eCollection Date: 2021-06-01 DOI: 10.18502/jad.v15i2.7491

Seyed Hamid Hosseini, Ehsan Allah-Kalteh, Aiuob Sofizadeh

{"title":"The Effect of Geographical and Climatic Factors on the Distribution of Phlebotomus papatasi (Diptera: Psychodidae) in Golestan Province, an Endemic Focus of Zoonotic Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Iran, 2014.","authors":"Seyed Hamid Hosseini, Ehsan Allah-Kalteh, Aiuob Sofizadeh","doi":"10.18502/jad.v15i2.7491","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/jad.v15i2.7491","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Phlebotomus papatasi is known as the main vector of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis. This study aimed to investigate the effect of geographical and bioclimatic factors on the Ph. papatasi distribution.Methods: A total of 34 villages were selected, and sampling was performed three times using 120 sticky traps in each selected village. All the collected species were mounted and identified their species. The densities of Ph. papatasi were measured in all the villages and entered into ArcMap as a point layer. The required bioclimatic and environmental variables were extracted from the global climate database and The normalized difference vegetation index was obtained from the MODIS satellite imagery, also, all variables entered into ArcMap as raster layers, so The numerical value of each independent variable in the cell where the selected village is located in this, was extracted using spatial analyst tools and the value to point submenu. All the data were finally entered into IBM SPSS, and the relationship was examined between the number of collected Ph. papatasi and the independent variables using Spearman's correlation test.Results: A total of 1773 specimens of Ph. papatasi were collected. The findings of this study showed that max temperature of warmest month, temperature annual range, temperature seasonality, mean diurnal range, precipitation seasonality, mean temperature of driest and warmest quarter were positively associated with the density of Ph. papatasi.Conclusion: Air temperature and precipitation were shown as the most significant factors in the distribution of Ph. papatasi.","PeriodicalId":15095,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Arthropod-Borne Diseases","volume":"15 2","pages":"225-235"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/2a/8c/JAD-15-225.PMC8782746.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39759979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Diversity of Hard Tick Populations and Their Geographical Variations in Northwestern Iran. 伊朗西北部硬蜱种群多样性及其地理变异。

IF 0.9 4区医学

Journal of Arthropod-Borne Diseases Pub Date : 2021-06-30 eCollection Date: 2021-06-01 DOI: 10.18502/jad.v15i2.7487

Rohollah Moradi, Eslam Moradi-Asl, Zakkyeh Telmadarraiy, Seyedeh Zahra Parkhideh, Yavar Rassi

{"title":"Diversity of Hard Tick Populations and Their Geographical Variations in Northwestern Iran.","authors":"Rohollah Moradi, Eslam Moradi-Asl, Zakkyeh Telmadarraiy, Seyedeh Zahra Parkhideh, Yavar Rassi","doi":"10.18502/jad.v15i2.7487","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/jad.v15i2.7487","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Ticks are forced vertebrate ectoparasites, including humans, and are vectors of serious diseases such as Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever, Relapsing Fever, and various forms of encephalitis. Spatial assessment of the prevalence of ticks and detection of high risk areas for tick-borne disease transmission and evaluation of ecological measures are key aims of this research.Methods: Ticks were collected using standard methods from 27 villages in the region of Sarab County in north-eastern Iran during the four seasons of 2018-2019 and identified using valid keys. The calculations of indices for biodiversity were based on the Margalef index, Shannon-Weiner index and Simpson index. R2.15 Statistical software was used for statistical analysis of indices of biodiversity, and ArcMap10.4.1 software, IDW and GeneralG methods were used. Analysis were used to investigate spatial distribution and to determine important tick hotspots.Results: A total of 2500 animals surveyed, 35% of them were infected. In total, 1416 ticks were caught, 74.6 %, 23.9% and 1.4 % were adult, nymph and larvae respectively. 94% of the ticks were hard ticks including 6 genera. According to the Margalef diversity index, the highest species biodiversity was related to summer (1.4234), and the lowest was related to winter (0.7379).Conclusion: Large hotspot area was found in the central part of the study area. The area of study was very prone to tick-borne disease transmission in terms of tick diversity and tick species richness. Tick-borne disease control is an important measure.","PeriodicalId":15095,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Arthropod-Borne Diseases","volume":"15 2","pages":"179-186"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/6a/ab/JAD-15-179.PMC8782752.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39745025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Synergistic Anti-Leishmanial Activities of Morphine and Imiquimod on Leishmania infantum (MCAN/ES/98/LIM-877). 吗啡和咪喹莫特对幼年利什曼原虫的协同抗利什曼原虫活性研究(MCAN/ES/98/ limm -877)。

IF 0.9 4区医学

Journal of Arthropod-Borne Diseases Pub Date : 2021-06-30 eCollection Date: 2021-06-01 DOI: 10.18502/jad.v15i2.7492

Fatemeh Ghaffarifar, Masoud Foroutan, Soheila Molaei, Eslam Moradi-Asl

{"title":"Synergistic Anti-Leishmanial Activities of Morphine and Imiquimod on Leishmania infantum (MCAN/ES/98/LIM-877).","authors":"Fatemeh Ghaffarifar, Masoud Foroutan, Soheila Molaei, Eslam Moradi-Asl","doi":"10.18502/jad.v15i2.7492","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/jad.v15i2.7492","url":null,"abstract":"Background: This study was performed to evaluate in vitro and in vivo Leishmanicidal potential of morphine (Mph), imiquimod (IQ), and their combination.Methods: Leishmania infantum promastigote and amastigote assays were performed at the presence of 0.015-150μM Mph, 0.04-416μM IQ, and their combination. The inhibition effects of these drugs on promastigotes were evaluated after 24, 48, and 72h. The cytotoxic effects of the drugs were evaluated by MTT as well as flow cytometry after 72h. We explored the therapeutic effects of Mph and IQ in BALB/c mice at the end of the treatment using parasite load determination and cytokine assay. One group of mice received Mph for three weeks before infection.Results: The results of promastigote and amastigote assays showed the cytotoxic effects of the drugs at low concentrations. The cytotoxic effects were higher on promastigotes than amastigotes (p< 0.05). There was a negative correlation between drug concentration and amastigote/promastigote viability. Imiquimod alone or combined with Mph showed remarkable cytotoxic effects at all concentrations (p< 0.05). Flow cytometry results revealed apoptosis in the parasite following exposure to the drug combinations. Accordingly, the reduction of parasite loads in the spleen and liver was observed (p< 0.05) with simultaneous increases in IFN-γ and IL-4. We believe that the in vivo leishmanicidal effect was mediated by Mph through IL-4 and by IQ through both IL-4 and IFN-γ.Conclusion: Results pointed out the promising effects of Mph and IQ at low concentrations, especially when combined.","PeriodicalId":15095,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Arthropod-Borne Diseases","volume":"15 2","pages":"236-254"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/d3/5c/JAD-15-236.PMC8782745.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39759980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Population Fluctuations and Abundance Indices of Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicid), as the Potential Bridge Vectors of Pathogens to Humans and Animals in Mazandaran Province, Northern Iran. 伊朗北部马赞达兰省蚊类(双翅目:库蠓)作为人畜间潜在媒介的种群波动及丰度指数

IF 0.9 4区医学

Journal of Arthropod-Borne Diseases Pub Date : 2021-06-30 eCollection Date: 2021-06-01 DOI: 10.18502/jad.v15i2.7490

Seyed Hassan Nikookar, Mahmoud Fazeli-Dinan, Ahmadali Enayati

{"title":"Population Fluctuations and Abundance Indices of Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicid), as the Potential Bridge Vectors of Pathogens to Humans and Animals in Mazandaran Province, Northern Iran.","authors":"Seyed Hassan Nikookar, Mahmoud Fazeli-Dinan, Ahmadali Enayati","doi":"10.18502/jad.v15i2.7490","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/jad.v15i2.7490","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Seasonal activity patterns of mosquitoes are essential as baseline knowledge to understand the transmission dynamics of vector-borne diseases. This study was conducted to evaluate the monthly dynamics of the mosquito populations and their relation to meteorological factors in Mazandaran Province, north of Iran.Methods: Mosquito adults and larvae were collected from 16 counties of Mazandaran Province using different sampling techniques, once a month from May to December 2014. \"Index of Species Abundance\" (ISA) along with \"Standardized ISA\" (SISA) was used for assessing the most abundant species of mosquitoes based on the explanations of Robert and Hsi. Pearson's correlation coefficient (R) was used to assess the relationships between the monthly population fluctuations and meteorological variables.Results: Overall, 23750 mosquitoes belonging to four genera and nineteen species were collected and identified. The highest population density of mosquitoes was in July and the lowest in May. The ISA/SISA indices for Culex pipiens were both 1 for larvae and 1.25/0.973 for adults in total catch performed in human dwellings. For Cx. tritaeniorhynchus, the ISA/SISA were 1.68/0.938 in pit shelter method. A significant positive correlation was observed between population fluctuations of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus and mean temperature (R: 0.766, P< 0.027).Conclusion: The results indicated that the mosquitoes are more active in July, and Cx. pipiens and Cx. tritaeniorhynchus were the most abundant species. Considering the potential of these species as vectors of numerous pathogens, control programs can be planed based on their monthly activity pattern in the area.","PeriodicalId":15095,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Arthropod-Borne Diseases","volume":"15 2","pages":"207-224"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/27/09/JAD-15-207.PMC8782748.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39759978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2