Shan Liu, Xianyong Feng, D. Kundur, T. Zourntos, K. Butler-Purry
{"title":"Switched system models for coordinated cyber-physical attack construction and simulation","authors":"Shan Liu, Xianyong Feng, D. Kundur, T. Zourntos, K. Butler-Purry","doi":"10.1109/SGMS.2011.6089026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SGMS.2011.6089026","url":null,"abstract":"Effective simulation of large-scale power system disturbances especially those stemming from intentional attack represents an open engineering and research problem. Challenges stem from the need to develop intelligent models of cyber-physical attacks that produce salient disruptions, to appropriately portray meaningful cyber-physical interdependencies, and balance precision, scale and complexity. In this paper, we present a foundation for the development of a class of intelligent cyber-physical attacks that we term coordinated switching attacks. Our approach, based on variable structure systems theory, is amenable to implementation in well known power system simulators. We provide a method to construct such attack models and demonstrate their utility in the simulation of extensive system disturbances. Our results demonstrate the potential for coordinated switch attacks to enable large-scale power system disturbances.","PeriodicalId":150875,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE First International Workshop on Smart Grid Modeling and Simulation (SGMS)","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116812021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Nakano, Kazuyuki Miyakita, M. Sengoku, S. Shinoda
{"title":"Modeling of a charging network for electric vehicles","authors":"K. Nakano, Kazuyuki Miyakita, M. Sengoku, S. Shinoda","doi":"10.1109/SGMS.2011.6089020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SGMS.2011.6089020","url":null,"abstract":"This paper considers a network problem in charging infrastructure for electric vehicles (EVs). It generally takes a longer time to charge the empty battery of an EV than refueling of gasoline vehicles. It is not easy to actually reduce the waiting time for charging. However, if charging is done during shopping or eating, the charging time is no longer the waiting time. Of course, we may sometimes have to wait a longer time to charge batteries than shopping time to prevent running out of the batteries during the next drive. This means that we have a trade off between the extra waiting time and possibility to run out of battery. In this paper, we theoretically consider properties of this trade off and theoretically analyze characteristics of the extra waiting time needed to guarantee that an EV does not run out of battery in a drive. We discuss effects of some factors such as density of charging stations, the number of outlets in each station, the number of waiting cars, and so on.","PeriodicalId":150875,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE First International Workshop on Smart Grid Modeling and Simulation (SGMS)","volume":"76 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115741246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Evaluation and test environment for automation concepts in Smart Grids applications","authors":"Christian Landsteiner, F. Andrén, T. Strasser","doi":"10.1109/SGMS.2011.6089200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SGMS.2011.6089200","url":null,"abstract":"The continuous growth of electric energy consumption is nowadays an irresistible fact. To stop this process renewable energy resources have to be used on a larger scale. Distributed renewable generation, which is a result of this trend, lead to various problems for the existing power grid which has not been designed to transport the current in both directions. With increasing and large numbers of distributed renewable energy resources it is to be feared that the power grid quality can only be hardly maintained. The introduction of Smart Grids technology is a promising approach to overcome such shortcomings. For developing the Smart Grids with distributed power generation a suitable laboratory environment is often necessary to test new Smart Grid network components and to validate new concepts. Therefore, the main purpose of this work is to define a suitable evaluation environment for developing, testing and validating automation, control and communication concepts in Smart Grids applications which fulfils the main requirements of a flexible, scalable, portable and hardware-independent system.","PeriodicalId":150875,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE First International Workshop on Smart Grid Modeling and Simulation (SGMS)","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117014823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Market-based coordinated charging of electric vehicles on the low-voltage distribution grid","authors":"M. Ghijsen, R. D’hulst","doi":"10.1109/SGMS.2011.6089021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SGMS.2011.6089021","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a market based coordination mechanism for charging electric vehicles. In market based coordination, a virtual market is used to match supply and demand of a commodity. The goal is to limit the impact of the electric vehicles on the low voltage distribution grid. First it is shown how, in general, the trading volume on a commodity market with a single supplier can be controlled by the shape of the bid function of the supplier. This approach is then translated to an electricity market where the transformer is the single supplier and the households and electric vehicles are the buyers of electricity. A number of test-scenarios are created with a reference distribution grid in which several vehicles are plug-in hybrid electric or fully electric. Load flow analysis shows that if no coordination takes place, the peak load exceeds the tranformer's rating and the voltage drops below the norm. Simulations show that the market-based coordination mechanism is indeed capable of reducing the peak load to an acceptable level and keeps the under-voltage within an acceptable range.","PeriodicalId":150875,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE First International Workshop on Smart Grid Modeling and Simulation (SGMS)","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128555767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Dynamic one step ahead prediction of electricity loads at suburban level","authors":"J. Milojković, V. Litovski","doi":"10.1109/SGMS.2011.6089022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SGMS.2011.6089022","url":null,"abstract":"One step ahead prediction based on short time series is presented. It will be shown here first that for the subject of short term prediction of electricity load, even though a large a-mount of data may be available, only the most recent of it may be of importance. That gives rise to prediction based on limited amount of data. We here propose implementation of some instances of architectures of artificial neural networks as potential systematic solution of that problem as opposed to heuristics that are in use. To further rise the dependability of the predicted data averaging of two independent predictions is proposed. Examples will be given related to short-term (hourly) forecasting of the electricity load at suburban level. Prediction is carried out on real data taken for one suburban transformer station. Implementation of an on-line real time prediction system is presented.","PeriodicalId":150875,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE First International Workshop on Smart Grid Modeling and Simulation (SGMS)","volume":"97 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115749347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kevin Mets, Tom Verschueren, F. de Turck, Chris Develder
{"title":"Exploiting V2G to optimize residential energy consumption with electrical vehicle (dis)charging","authors":"Kevin Mets, Tom Verschueren, F. de Turck, Chris Develder","doi":"10.1109/SGMS.2011.6089203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SGMS.2011.6089203","url":null,"abstract":"The potential breakthrough of pluggable (hybrid) electrical vehicles (PHEVs) will impose various challenges to the power grid, and esp. implies a significant increase of its load. Adequately dealing with such PHEVs is one of the challenges and opportunities for smart grids. In particular, intelligent control strategies for the charging process can significantly alleviate peak load increases that are to be expected from e.g. residential vehicle charging at home. In addition, the car batteries connected to the grid can also be exploited to deliver grid services, and in particular give stored energy back to the grid to help coping with peak demands stemming from e.g. household appliances. In this paper, we will address such so-called vehicle-to-grid (V2G) scenarios while considering the optimization of PHEV charging in a residential scenario. In particular, we will assess the optimal car battery (dis)charging scheduling to achieve peak shaving and reduction of the variability (over time) of the load of households connected to a local distribution grid. We compare (i) a business-as-usual (BAU) scenario, without any intelligent charging, (ii) intelligent local charging optimization without V2G, and (iii) charging optimization with V2G. To evaluate these scenarios, we make use of our simulation tool, based on OMNeT++, which combines ICT and power network models and incorporates a Matlab model that allows e.g. assessing voltage violations. In a case study on a three-feeder distribution network spanning 63 households, we observe that non-V2G optimized charging can reduce the peak demand compared to BAU with 64%. If we apply V2G to the intelligent charging, we can further cut the non-V2G peak demand with 17% (i.e., achieve a peak load which is only 30% of BAU).","PeriodicalId":150875,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE First International Workshop on Smart Grid Modeling and Simulation (SGMS)","volume":"291 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133977039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Agnetis, G. Dellino, G. De Pascale, G. Innocenti, M. Pranzo, A. Vicino
{"title":"Optimization models for consumer flexibility aggregation in smart grids: The ADDRESS approach","authors":"A. Agnetis, G. Dellino, G. De Pascale, G. Innocenti, M. Pranzo, A. Vicino","doi":"10.1109/SGMS.2011.6089206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SGMS.2011.6089206","url":null,"abstract":"This paper addresses the problem of optimal management of consumer flexibility in an electric distribution system. Aggregation of a number of consumers clustered according to appropriate criteria, is one of the most promising approaches for modifying the daily load profile at nodes of an electric distribution network. Modifying the daily load profile is recognized as one of the strongest needs both for safe and efficient operation of the network. The paper proposes an optimization approach allowing the aggregator, i.e., the operator which manages the aggregated consumers, to gather flexibility and generate bids for the energy market, with the aim of maximizing its revenue. It is shown that this problem can be solved through mixed integer linear programming. Numerical simulation results are provided for validating the proposed approach.","PeriodicalId":150875,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE First International Workshop on Smart Grid Modeling and Simulation (SGMS)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129123612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Optimal real-time price based on a statistical demand elasticity model of electricity","authors":"Rongshan Yu, Wenxian Yang, S. Rahardja","doi":"10.1109/SGMS.2011.6089205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SGMS.2011.6089205","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we study the price elasticity of electrical demand in a smart grid framework where the loads of a power system are scheduled by energy management controller (EMC) units that aim to maximize users' benefits by considering both load utilities and real-time electricity price. We show that different price responsive behaviors of electrical loads result from interaction between their utilities and electricity prices. Here, the utility is modeled as a function of time in order to represent the timeliness of loads. Based on the developed theory, we introduce a parametric utility model from which the price elastic behaviors of aggregated loads from a power system are established statistically as multi-dimensional demand-price functions. Finally, we investigate the problem of optimal real-time electricity prices under the framework of social welfare maximization. Considering demand elasticity from users, we show here that the optimal real-time electricity prices that maximize the social welfare of a power system will match the marginal costs of energy production at load levels resulting from these optimal electricity prices. The solution for this can be pre-calculated using a simple iterative algorithm without the need for excessive information exchange between users and the utility company. Theoretical results from this paper are validated through numerical examples using a simplified power network.","PeriodicalId":150875,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE First International Workshop on Smart Grid Modeling and Simulation (SGMS)","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132081855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Simulation for the design of Smart Grid controls","authors":"F. Ponci, A. Monti, A. Benigni","doi":"10.1109/SGMS.2011.6089201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SGMS.2011.6089201","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents framework and tools for exploiting simulation, in various form, in support of design of Smart Grids. The novel capabilities that the simulation should possess are presented with focus on the integration of communications in the design process. Sample design applications are presented. The design process is then outlined at the conceptual level.","PeriodicalId":150875,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE First International Workshop on Smart Grid Modeling and Simulation (SGMS)","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125003364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Social interaction interface for performance analysis of smart grids","authors":"J. D. de Haan, P. Nguyen, W. Kling, P. Ribeiro","doi":"10.1109/SGMS.2011.6089202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SGMS.2011.6089202","url":null,"abstract":"Socio-economical and technological developments have prompted electric power systems to move forward to an era of Smart Grids. This mainstream concept has a strong interdisciplinary nature by using state-of-the-art technologies in the fields of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), power electronics, and control systems. Modeling and simulation are fundamental steps to accomplish possible applications of this complex and integrated scheme. However, most of the existing simulation platforms, either commercial or free and open source packages, hardly adapt to this requirements of Smart Grids. This paper presents an on-going framework which integrates open source software, OpenDSS, to provide different web services for end-users. This application aims to create a robust computation platform to support customers in making decisions. Different network functions can be verified in this assessment context tool. Working as a social network, this program will empower end-users with an interaction interface to make them fully aware of Smart Grid applications.","PeriodicalId":150875,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE First International Workshop on Smart Grid Modeling and Simulation (SGMS)","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127688653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}