Slovak Journal of Animal Science最新文献

{"title":"THE TOXIC EFFECT OF HYPERGLYCAEMIA IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF SELECTED CHRONIC COMPLICATIONS OF DIABETES MELLITUS: A MINI-REVIEW","authors":"Jana Hrnkova, Rudolf Dupak, M. Capcarová","doi":"10.36547/sjas.796","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36547/sjas.796","url":null,"abstract":"Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic diseases that, due to the long-term pathological effect of hyperglycaemia on tissues, lead to the development of typical chronic organ complications. Chronic hyperglycaemia leads to increased activity of the polyol pathway with subsequent accumulation of sorbitol and fructose, increased formation and accumulation of end products of advanced glycation, alteration of protein kinase C activity, excessive formation of reactive oxygen species and associated high level of oxidative stress. One of the most feared complications of diabetes mellitus is vision impairment and blindness. In this review, we address the most important metabolic pathways leading to the development of diabetic retinopathy and diabetic cataract, the ocular complications of diabetes with the greatest risk of vision loss.","PeriodicalId":150577,"journal":{"name":"Slovak Journal of Animal Science","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122610566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THE EFFECT OF ROSEMARY (SALVIA ROSMARINUS) SUPPLEMENTED DIET ON REPRODUCTIVE AND PRODUCTIVE TRAITS OF LIBYAN LOCAL PIGEON","authors":"F. Akraim, Marwan Y. M. Alfakhri, Attia A. Bellail","doi":"10.36547/sjas.779","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36547/sjas.779","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of rosemary leaves powder supplement on reproductive and productive performance of local pigeon. Thirty pairs of Libyan local pigeons were randomly allocated into three groups, each with 10 replicates. Rosemary leaves powder (RLP) was added to isonitrogenous and isoenergetic ration at 0 % (control, C), 0.5 % (T1) or 1 % (T2). The experiment lasted for a complete breeding cycle. RLP did not affect egg weight, egg number or incubation period. Egg volume (13.82, 10.73 and 11.42 cm3), egg hatchability (100, 55.56 and 50.00 %) and hatching weight (16.63, 14.91 and 14.89 g) were higher in C group in comparison with T1 and T2, respectively (p < 0.05). Egg surface area (30.25, 26.30 and 27.74 cm2) and egg width (2.67, 2.44 and 2.53 cm) were higher in C than in T1 (p < 0.05) and tended to be higher than T2 (p > 0.05). Egg length, egg shape index, fertility rate and pre-weaning survival rate tended to decrease with the increased RLP inclusion rate; however, these differences were not significant (p > 0.05). Squab weight at weaning was lower in C than in T2 group, (310.35, 312.08, 337.98 g for C, T1, and T2, respectively) (p < 0.05). Peroxide value of fresh meat tended to decrease in T2 compared to T1 or C groups (0.6, 0.49, 0.37 meq/kg for C, T1 and T2, respectively) (p > 0.05). Malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration in fresh meat (0.16, 0.16, 0.09 mg MDA/kg) and blood (1.66, 0.83, 0.61 mg MDA/L) for C, T1 and T2, respectively, was lower in T2 compared to C group (p < 0.05). In conclusion, adding RLP to feed negatively affected the reproductive performance despite expected improvement of the productive performance and oxidative status in pigeons.","PeriodicalId":150577,"journal":{"name":"Slovak Journal of Animal Science","volume":"137 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122139732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"BLOOD PROFILE AND PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSE OF BROILER CHICKENS TO SWEET ORANGE PEEL SUPPLEMENTED WATER IN A HOT HUMID ENVIRONMENT","authors":"B. Majekodunmi, M. O. Logunleko, E. Adekunle, M. O. Abioja, Mojisola O Alaba, Abiodun Jelili Adeleke, I. James, J. Daramola","doi":"10.36547/sjas.774","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36547/sjas.774","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigated the effect of sweet orange peel powder (SOPP) supplemented water on the rectal temperature (RT), respiratory rate (RR) and blood profile of broiler chickens raised in a hot humid environment. Day-old Ross broiler chickens (n = 96) were randomly allotted into four treatment groups: Control – without SOPP, 2 g SOPP, 4 g SOPP and 6 g SOPP per litre of water. Three replications of eight birds each per treatment in a completely randomized design were performed. Rectal temperatures were comparable (p > 0.05) among the treatments across the weeks except the third week. Birds on 6 g SOPP had a significantly (p < 0.05) higher value (41.32 °C) compared with birds in the control (40.90 °C) and 4 g SOPP (41.00 °C). Respiratory rate was not significantly different (p > 0.05) among treatments across the weeks. Significant (p < 0.05) variations were observed in the red blood cell (RBC) and mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH) values at week 4. However, at week 7, heterophil (H), lymphocyte (L), heterophil:lymphocyte ratio (H/L) and RBC were significantly (p < 0.05) different among the treatments. The H/L values were 0.42, 0.40, 0.38 and 0.36 for Control, 2 g SOPP, 4 g SOPP and 6 g SOPP, respectively. Serum biochemical indices examined were comparable among the treatment groups across the weeks. Inclusion of SOPP into drinking water of broiler birds did not adversely affect the birds as observed in the RT, RR and blood profile. Rather it helps the birds in coping with the environmental stress, as observed in the reduced H/L.","PeriodicalId":150577,"journal":{"name":"Slovak Journal of Animal Science","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125071169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EFFECT OF VITAMIN C (ASCORBIC ACID) SUPPLEMENTATION ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE, ECONOMIC INDICES, HAEMATOLOGY, SERUM BIOCHEMISTRY AND CARCASS CHARACTERISTIC OF WEANER PIGS","authors":"T. Ojediran, Taiwo Mary Ajewole, Olanrewaju S. Taiwo, Isiak Adewale Isiak Adewale","doi":"10.36547/sjas.790","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36547/sjas.790","url":null,"abstract":"Seven weeks old weaned pigs (Yorkshire x Landrace, n = 32, mean weight = 12.32 ± 0.59 kg) were allotted to 4 treatments (diets) consisting of 8 replicates each: diet A − basal diet; diet B − basal + ascorbic acid at 1 g.kg-1 diet; diet C − basal + ascorbic acid at 2 g.kg-1 diet; and diet D − basal + ascorbic acid at 3 g.kg-1 diet. Growth performance, economic indices, haematological parameters, serum biochemistry and carcass characteristics were measured. After 49 days, the pigs on diet with ascorbic acid at 2 g.kg-1 had significantly higher daily feed intake (1.54 kg per pig) (p < 0.05). The feed cost per kg increased significantly (p < 0.05) across the diets from the control (Nigerian naira, ₦ 97.60) to basal + ascorbic acid at 3 g.kg-1diet (₦ 103.50). Significantly higher (p < 0.05) red blood cell, haemoglobin, haematocrit and mean corpuscular volume values were recorded in pigs fed ascorbic acid at 2 g.kg-1 diet, while pigs fed ascorbic acid at 3 g.kg-1 diet had the highest cholesterol, triglyceride, glucose, creatinine, urea, total protein and globulin (p < 0.05) levels. Pigs offered ascorbic acid had significantly higher bleed weight, carcass weight, belly, abdominal fat, back fat thickness and whole and empty stomach weight than those fed the control diet. It can be concluded that vitamin C supplementation (up to 3 g.kg-1) had no negative impact on the growth performance and economic indices (except the feed cost) of the pigs, while it improved the haematological parameters and carcass weight and also enhanced fat deposition.","PeriodicalId":150577,"journal":{"name":"Slovak Journal of Animal Science","volume":"260 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134284553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"GROWTH DESCRIPTION OF PURE AND CROSSBRED TURKEYS USING NON-LINEAR MODELS IN HOT AND HUMID TROPICAL ENVIRONMENT","authors":"B. Ilori, Kayode Akano, Sunday O Peters, S. Durosaro, Sammad Folagbade Olayiwola, D. Oguntade, M. Ozoje","doi":"10.36547/sjas.775","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36547/sjas.775","url":null,"abstract":"This study was conducted to compare three non-linear growth models (Logistics, Gompertz and Von Bertalanffy) in describing the growth of 360 turkeys of three genotypes (exotic, crossbred and local). The growth curve parameters - A, B and K for each growth model were estimated for each turkey using the NLIN procedure (Marquart algorithm) for the Bayesian approach with a fixed-effect model. The best fit of the three models was also estimated. A comparison was done among the three models using Akaike Information Criteria (AIC) and the Bayesian Information Criteria (BIC). Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient (r), the correlation coefficient, was used to examine the linear relationship between two quantities, A and K growth model parameters. For comparison of growth models parameter predicted, the Von Bertalanffy's model predicted the smallest value in both criteria for all the male and local female turkeys, while Gompertz's growth model had the smallest predicted value in both criteria for the female exotic and female crossbred turkeys. Based on the goodness of fit using the Bayesian Model Choice Criteria (Deviance Information Criteria), Von Bertalanffy's growth model showed the best fit. However, the difference between Bertalanffy's and Gompertz's growth models is very minimal, thus, making both models suitable for modeling the growth curve of domestic turkey and to consider how this weight is attained.","PeriodicalId":150577,"journal":{"name":"Slovak Journal of Animal Science","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123155157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DIET SUPPLEMENTATION WITH YEAST BETA-GLUCANS, DIETARY ANTIOXIDANTS AND VITAMIN K IN BROILER CHICKENS MITIGATED AFLATOXIN-INDUCED GROWTH RETARDATION","authors":"Jubril Bayonle Adeogun, O. Abu, E. Ewuola","doi":"10.36547/sjas.776","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36547/sjas.776","url":null,"abstract":"Mitigation of inevitably absorbed aflatoxins following the addition of toxin binders are insufficiently reported. Therefore, effect of yeast beta-glucans, antioxidants such as vitamins C (VC) and E (VE), selenium (Se) and anti-haemorrhagic agent (vitamin K- VK) in the diet on changes in biochemical processes that characterised aflatoxins poisoning in broiler chickens was investigated. Aspergillus flavus 3228 inoculated maize was used to formulate a basal diet (BD) containing 270 ± 16µg.kg-1 total aflatoxins (AFB1 and AFB2). Unsexed one-day-old Arbor-Acres broiler chicks (n = 180) were randomly assigned into six dietary treatments, comprising Negative Control (NC- aflatoxin-free diet), BD and BD containing beta-glucans, VC, VE, VK and selenium. Two levels of beta-glucans: 250 and 375 mg.kg-1 (BD250 and BD375) and two combinations of vitamins with or without selenium: [(VE + VC) +VK] = ECK and [(VE + VC) + VK + Se] = ECKSe were combined to give BD250 + ECK; BD250 + ECKSe; BD375 + ECK and BD375 + ECKSe. Selenium, VC, VE and VK, were included in the diets at 0.3, 250, 200 and 3.0 mg.kg-1 of feed, respectively in augmented (2 x 2) +2 factorial arrangement in completely randomised design. The diets were fed to the chicken ad libitum for seven weeks. Serum malondialdehyde, reduced (GSH) and oxidised (GSSG) glutathione levels and ratio, body weight gain (BWG) were measured and feed conversion ratio (FCR) and percentage mortality were determined. Data were analysed using ANOVA at α0.05. Serum malondialdehyde and GSSG levels were significantly reduced (P < 0.05) from 159.41 ± 23.68 nM.mL-1 and 5.96 ± 5.20 µM.mL-1 in BD, to 69.68 ± 26.97 nM.mL-1 and 2.21 ± 0.88 µM.mL-1 in birds on BD375 + ECKSe. Birds fed BD375 + ECKSe had GSH:GSSG (3.58 ± 1.71), BWG (1,903.98 ± 32.56 g.bird-1) significantly higher and FCR (1.88 ± 0.04) was reduced (P < 0.05) compared to 1.06 ± 0.81; 956.27 ± 19.34 g.bird-1 and 2.38 ± 0.04, respectively, in birds on BD. Birds fed BD375 + ECKSe had no variation (P > 0.05) in performance when compared to NC. Mortality decreased significantly (P < 0.05) from 39.39 ± 5.25 % in BD to 9.09 ± 5.25 % in BD375 + ECK. Combinations of 375 mg.kg-1 beta-glucans, vitamins E, C, K and selenium reduced lipid peroxidation activity, feed conversion ratio and oxidative stress, with increased bodyweight gain. Finally, combinations of beta-glucans, antioxidants and vitamin K demonstrated effectiveness in preventing changes in biochemical processes leading to aflatoxins deleterious effects in broiler chickens.","PeriodicalId":150577,"journal":{"name":"Slovak Journal of Animal Science","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127602651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CURRENT KNOWLEDGE ABOUT MICROORGANISMS USED IN BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF PESTS AND THEIR RELATION TO BEES: A REVIEW","authors":"V. Kňazovická, Simona Benčaťová, M. Staroň, Silvia Jakabová, K. Klimentova, Judita Lidiková, M. Habán, Miroslav Kročko, Slavomíra Bellová, J. Tancík, †Silvino VARGAS HERNÁNDEZ, Ariany COLÁS SÁNCHEZ, Juan Emilio HERNÁNDEZ GARCÍA, Y. Ramos","doi":"10.36547/sjas.708","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36547/sjas.708","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the review is to describe a control of pests by microorganisms and its possible effect on bees, other pollinators and beekeeping. Biological control seems to be a natural way to solve the problem with pests in agriculture as an alternative to the use of pesticides. However, the proposed solution must be closely associated with the safety to pollinators, which are an important part of plant production as well as forest ecosystems. Entomopathogenic bacteria (mainly bacilli) and entomopathogenic fungi (e.g., Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae) are often used to suppress the pests in agriculture. The application of entomopathogenic microsporidia is controversial because their frequent representatives are pollinators' pests. Moreover, biocontrol can be applied in the form of pollinator strips near the fields with monocultures resulting in plant and pollinator protection. In some countries, bees are also used as biovectors of control agents for the plant protection in the fields. On the other hand, specific pests pose a threat to bees themselves in the hives. Varoosis is a problem in beekeeping all over the world. The suppression of bee pests using microorganisms was tested. An activity of Beauveria bassiana against Varroa destructor shows promising results. Surprisingly, Beauveria bassiana can be isolated from cadavers of Galleria mellonella larvae, another bee pest, which destroy wax combs. Therefore, understanding of various links between the organisms could be helpful for sustainable beekeeping. Overall, humans are more conscious that everything is connected to each other. Protecting agents designed on natural basis often possess excellent results in practice. Therefore, testing them is more than desirable.","PeriodicalId":150577,"journal":{"name":"Slovak Journal of Animal Science","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132430145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A study on the effect of thermal treatment on composition and some properties of camel milk.","authors":"H. Hattem, M. Naeim, Hanaa S. Sakr, E. H. Abouel-Einin","doi":"10.5261/2011.GEN2.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5261/2011.GEN2.05","url":null,"abstract":"The present study was carried out to investigate the effect of different thermal treatments on the composition and chemical properties of camel‘s milk .The rennet clotting time of camel‘s milk was also investigated. Camel milk samples were thermally treated at 63, 80, 90°C for 30 min. and 72 °C for 15 sec., whereas raw milk sample was served as a control. We found that the fat content was not affected by the applied treatments (3.2±0.189 %), but the protein contents values (expressed as average ± SD) were found to be 3.2±0.148, 3.4±0.136, 3.4±0.149, 3.3±0.049 and 3.1±0.157 %, respectively. The ash contents were also affected by the thermal treatments and their average values were 0.70±0.065, 0.71±0.056, 0.73±0.052, 0.71±0.088 and 0.68±0.096 %, respectively. The thermal treatments also affected the total solids in the samples, the values being 10.0±1.168, 10.10±1.057, 10.16±1.089, and 10.05±1.055 and 9.9±1.189 %, respectively. The non protein nitrogen (NPN), non casein nitrogen (NCN) and whey protein nitrogen (WPN) gradually decreased with increase in thermal treatments but casein number and the percentage of denaturation were increased. Rennet clotting time in the presence of different concentrations of CaCl 2 (0 - 20 mg /100 ml) was found to increase with rise in temperature. However, increase in the amount of calcium chloride was found to decrease the rennet clotting time at all thermal treatments. Incubation of milk with yoghurt culture at 40°C for 12 hours revealed a significant increase in the acidity level and a substantial decrease in the pH level at all the applied thermal treatments.","PeriodicalId":150577,"journal":{"name":"Slovak Journal of Animal Science","volume":"2015 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127635326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}