M. Ferreira, J. Bierlich, J. Kobelke, J. Santos, O. Frazão
{"title":"Fabry-Perot interferometer based on array of microspheres for temperature sensing","authors":"M. Ferreira, J. Bierlich, J. Kobelke, J. Santos, O. Frazão","doi":"10.1117/12.2275658","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2275658","url":null,"abstract":"A Fabry-Perot interferometer based on an array of soda-lime glass microspheres is proposed for temperature sensing. The microspheres are introduced in a hollow-core silica tube using a tapered fiber tip. After the insertion of each microsphere the sensor is subjected to temperature measurements. The sensor exhibits non-linear behavior and a dependence on the number of microspheres is observed. A maximum sensitivity of 11.13 pm/°C is achieved, when there is only one microsphere inside the capillary structure.","PeriodicalId":150522,"journal":{"name":"Applications of Optics and Photonics","volume":"120 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116211670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Optical bias selector based on a multilayer a-SiC:H optical filter","authors":"M. Vieira, M. Vieira, P. Louro","doi":"10.1117/12.2271359","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2271359","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we present a MUX/DEMUX device based on a multilayer a-SiC:H optical filter that requires nearultraviolet steady state optical switches to select desired wavelengths in the visible range. Spectral response and transmittance measurements are presented and show the feasibility of tailoring the wavelength and bandwidth of a polychromatic mixture of different wavelengths. The selector filter is realized by using a two terminal double pi’n/pin a-SiC:H photodetector. Five visible communication channels are transmitted together, each one with a specific bit sequence. The combined optical signal is analyzed by reading out the photocurrent, under near-UV front steady state background. Data shows that 25 current levels are detected and corresponds to the thirty-two on/off possible states. The proximity of the magnitude of consecutive levels causes occasional errors in the decoded information. To minimize the errors, four parity bit are generated and stored along with the data word. The parity of the word is checked after reading the word to detect and correct the transmitted data. Results show that the background works as a selector in the visible range, shifting the sensor sensitivity and together with the parity check bits allows the identification and decoding of the different input channels. A transmission capability of 60 kbps using the generated codeword was achieved. An optoeletronic model gives insight on the system physics.","PeriodicalId":150522,"journal":{"name":"Applications of Optics and Photonics","volume":"212 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115661750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. C. Costa, M. Gomes, R. Alves, N. Silva, A. Guerreiro
{"title":"Fast physical ray-tracing method for gravitational lensing using heterogeneous supercomputing in GPGPU","authors":"J. C. Costa, M. Gomes, R. Alves, N. Silva, A. Guerreiro","doi":"10.1117/12.2272053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2272053","url":null,"abstract":"In this work we address the development of a fast solver of the ray-tracing equations based on heterogeneous supercomputing using PyOpenCL. We apply this solver to the study of gravitational lensing and light propagation in optical systems.","PeriodicalId":150522,"journal":{"name":"Applications of Optics and Photonics","volume":"10453 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129018821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. C. Costa, M. Gomes, R. Alves, N. Silva, A. Guerreiro
{"title":"Solving the multi-level Maxwell-Bloch equations using GPGPU computing for the simulation of nonlinear optics in atomic gases","authors":"J. C. Costa, M. Gomes, R. Alves, N. Silva, A. Guerreiro","doi":"10.1117/12.2272044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2272044","url":null,"abstract":"We present a numerical implementation of a solver for the Maxwell-Bloch equations to calculate the propagation of a light pulse in a nonlinear medium composed of an atomic gas in one, two and three dimensional systems. This implementation solves the wave equation of light using a finite difference method in the time domain scheme, while the Bloch equations for the atomic population in each point of the simulation domain are integrated using splitting methods. We present numerical simulations of atomic-gas systems and performance benchmarks.","PeriodicalId":150522,"journal":{"name":"Applications of Optics and Photonics","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114150644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Miguel F. S. Ferreira, André D. Gomes, D. Kowal, G. Statkiewicz-Barabach, P. Mergo, O. Frazão
{"title":"Polymer and tapered silica fiber connection for polymer fiber sensor application","authors":"Miguel F. S. Ferreira, André D. Gomes, D. Kowal, G. Statkiewicz-Barabach, P. Mergo, O. Frazão","doi":"10.1117/12.2276343","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2276343","url":null,"abstract":"A new type of polymer and silica connection is proposed. A tapered SMF-28 silica optical fiber tip is fabricated using a CO2 laser by focusing and stretching the fiber. The tapered silica tip is inserted in one of the holes of a microstructured polymer optical fiber using a 3D alignment system. Using a supercontinuum source, the spectrum is observed after one and after two connections. The polymer fiber is characterized in curvature while using the previous connection.","PeriodicalId":150522,"journal":{"name":"Applications of Optics and Photonics","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121862951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. Minkovich, M. Vaca Pereira G, J. Villatoro, A. Sotsky, M. Illarramendi, J. Zubía
{"title":"Special microstructured fibers with irregular and regular claddings for supercontinuum generation","authors":"V. Minkovich, M. Vaca Pereira G, J. Villatoro, A. Sotsky, M. Illarramendi, J. Zubía","doi":"10.1117/12.2271838","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2271838","url":null,"abstract":"In this report, we inform in detail on fabrication of a special (3 rings of air-holes) index-giuding air-silica microstructured optical fiber (IG MOF) with different air-hole diameters in the cladding (irregular cladding) and its application for a broadband supercontinuum (SC) generation by femtosecond laser pulses. For comparison, supercontinuum generation in a special nonlinear air-silica IG MOF with regular cladding is also investigated. Dispersion properties of the investigated fibers were numerically predicted and experimentally verified. Broadband SC generation from visual wavelengths up to 1600 nm in such fibers, both with the length of 1 m, was observed.","PeriodicalId":150522,"journal":{"name":"Applications of Optics and Photonics","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129152706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Mazhukin, O. Koroleva, V. Mazhukin, A. V. Shapranov
{"title":"Continual and molecular dynamics approaches in determining thermal properties of silicon","authors":"A. Mazhukin, O. Koroleva, V. Mazhukin, A. V. Shapranov","doi":"10.1117/12.2271999","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2271999","url":null,"abstract":"The article discusses the use of mathematical modeling to obtain properties of silicon. The nonequilibrium heating of semiconductor proceeds with a large separation of temperatures of the current carriers from the lattice, therefore, in the problems of laser action a silicon target can be regarded as an object consisting of two interacting subsystems, electron and phonon subsystems. At the same time, for each of subsystems it is necessary to determine thermophysical, optical and thermodynamic characteristics that vary over a wide temperature range. To determine the properties of the electronic subsystem a continual approach was used, and for the phonon subsystem a molecular-dynamic approach was used. Such properties of the electron Fermi gas as electron concentration Ne(T), holes concentration Nh(T), Fermi energy EF(T), band gap Eg(T,N), carrier mobility μ(T,N), electrical conductivity σ(T,N) are determined within the framework of quantum statistics in an arbitrary degeneracy range when the temperature varies from 300K to 2000K. The most important characteristics of the phonon subsystem such as the pressure dependences of the melting temperature of silicon Tm(P) and the heat of melting Lm(P), and the temperature dependence of the heat of evaporation Lv(T) were determined. The results are compared with the experimental data.","PeriodicalId":150522,"journal":{"name":"Applications of Optics and Photonics","volume":"94 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128661798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Herrera-Ramírez, D. Hincapie-Zuluaga, N. Correa, Raul Castañeda-Quintero, J. Gaviria, M. Aldana
{"title":"Evaluating polarization diversity for speckle reduction in retinal image quality estimates","authors":"J. Herrera-Ramírez, D. Hincapie-Zuluaga, N. Correa, Raul Castañeda-Quintero, J. Gaviria, M. Aldana","doi":"10.1117/12.2276298","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2276298","url":null,"abstract":"Retinal image quality measurements (double-pass and Hartmann-Shack) using spatially coherent light sources like lasers or super-luminescent diodes suffer from the presence of speckle in the final images. This well-known phenomenon diminishes the performance of those systems. Although solutions to this problem have been proposed, there still exist room to implement effective methods to face this challenge. We evaluate the influence of changing the polarization states of a laser beam in a double-pass system in order to reduce the speckle noise. By rotating the linear polarization state during the exposure time of the camera the speckle changes and partially averages out. We use the speckle contrast metric to evaluate the performance of the proposed method over experimental results","PeriodicalId":150522,"journal":{"name":"Applications of Optics and Photonics","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127548478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hugo Pena-Verdeal, C. García-Resúa, E. Yebra-Pimentel, M. .. Giraldez
{"title":"Validation of a semi-automatic protocol for the assessment of the tear meniscus central area based on open-source software","authors":"Hugo Pena-Verdeal, C. García-Resúa, E. Yebra-Pimentel, M. .. Giraldez","doi":"10.1117/12.2271783","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2271783","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Different lower tear meniscus parameters can be clinical assessed on dry eye diagnosis. The aim of this study was to propose and analyse the variability of a semi-automatic method for measuring lower tear meniscus central area (TMCA) by using open source software. Material and methods: On a group of 105 subjects, one video of the lower tear meniscus after fluorescein instillation was generated by a digital camera attached to a slit-lamp. A short light beam (3x5 mm) with moderate illumination in the central portion of the meniscus (6 o’clock) was used. Images were extracted from each video by a masked observer. By using an open source software based on Java (NIH ImageJ), a further observer measured in a masked and randomized order the TMCA in the short light beam illuminated area by two methods: (1) manual method, where TMCA images was “manually” measured; (2) semi-automatic method, where TMCA images were transformed in an 8-bit-binary image, then holes inside this shape were filled and on the isolated shape, the area size was obtained. Finally, both measurements, manual and semi-automatic, were compared. Results: Paired t-test showed no statistical difference between both techniques results (p = 0.102). Pearson correlation between techniques show a significant positive near to perfect correlation (r = 0.99; p < 0.001). Conclusions: This study showed a useful tool to objectively measure the frontal central area of the meniscus in photography by free open source software.","PeriodicalId":150522,"journal":{"name":"Applications of Optics and Photonics","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125325682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Alcaraz de la Osa, A. Fernández, Y. Gutiérrez, D. Ortiz, F. González, F. Moreno, J. Saiz
{"title":"The extended Kubelka-Munk theory and its application to colloidal systems","authors":"R. Alcaraz de la Osa, A. Fernández, Y. Gutiérrez, D. Ortiz, F. González, F. Moreno, J. Saiz","doi":"10.1117/12.2272115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2272115","url":null,"abstract":"The use of nanoparticles is spreading in many fields and a frequent way of preparing them is in the form of colloids, whose characterization becomes increasingly important. The spectral reflectance and transmittance curves of such colloids exhibit a strong dependence with the main parameters of the system. By means of a two-flux model we have performed a colorimetric study of gold colloids varying several parameters of the system, including the radius of the particles, the particle number density, the thickness of the system and the refractive index of the surrounding medium. In all cases, trajectories in the L*a*b* color space have been obtained, as well as the evolution of the luminosity, chroma and hue, either for reflectance or transmittance. The observed colors agree well with typical colors found in the literature for colloidal gold, and could allow for a fast assessment of the parameters involved, e.g., the radius of the nanoparticle during the fabrication process.","PeriodicalId":150522,"journal":{"name":"Applications of Optics and Photonics","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126713792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}