{"title":"Case Study: Unforeseen Shock Hazards from Code Compliance at an Above Ground Pipeline Valve Station","authors":"Henry Clark, B. Stewart","doi":"10.1109/esw41044.2018.9063870","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/esw41044.2018.9063870","url":null,"abstract":"The Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) is a regulatory collection of general and permanent rules of federal agencies. This case study is specific to two sections pertaining to the control of corrosion and electrical protection of underground pipe lines and valve stations. The transportation of hazardous liquids is covered by 49 CFR 195, and the transportation of natural gasses is covered by 49 CFR 192. A method of meeting compliance is with the installation of devices and systems to electrically isolate a cathodically protected pipe line and valve stations from nearby grounded structures and equipment. This case study focuses on an industrial installation where a worker was inadvertently exposed to higher than expected voltages after the installation of the required isolation devices.","PeriodicalId":150498,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE IAS Electrical Safety Workshop (ESW)","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125974586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Risk Assessment Myth Busters","authors":"D. Roberts, René Graves","doi":"10.1109/ESW41044.2018.9063872","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ESW41044.2018.9063872","url":null,"abstract":"I have seen the future of electrical safety, and it is… risk assessment. Or so it would seem, based on how the concept of risk assessment has become prevalent in standards, papers and presentations over the last few years. Is the future of electrical safety risk assessment, or is it risk management? This paper explores the rise in acceptance of risk assessment in the electrical safety world. It also discusses the difference between risk assessment and risk management, hazards and risk, and the two basic risk assessment approaches.","PeriodicalId":150498,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE IAS Electrical Safety Workshop (ESW)","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126927148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Calculating the Arc Flash Incident Energy in Singlephase Systems using a Three-Phase Model","authors":"A. Majd, R. Luo, Marvin Antony Devadass","doi":"10.1109/ESW.2018.8727869","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ESW.2018.8727869","url":null,"abstract":"IEEE 1584 equations do not cover single-phase faults based on the assumption that most of them escalate to a three-phase fault for which this standard applies. If IEEE 1584 equations were used for a single-phase fault, the results would be conservative based on the standard. Most of the short circuit, and fault calculation reference material cover three phase systems. Nonetheless, there are many commercial, and industrial systems, which are single phase. That is, they either feed from a single-phase source, or branch off a 3-phase system. These systems can, too, experience faults, and arc flash, where there aren’t good references to cover them. Fault current calculations in single phase systems can be more challenging than a three-phase system due to lack of existing work. In this paper, we present an approach to simulate faults in single-phase systems through a three-phase model. The method is useful since once the equivalent 3-phase model is created both fault, and arc flash calculations can be performed like any other three-phase system. That is, the device curve and the calculated current can be used to obtain the incident energy. The scope, limitations, and details of the method will be presented with some examples.","PeriodicalId":150498,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE IAS Electrical Safety Workshop (ESW)","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128657106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Electrical Investigations: Case Studies, Common Electrical Safety Mistakes, and Lessons Learned","authors":"J. Prigmore, Justin Bishop, J. Martens","doi":"10.1109/ESW.2018.8727873","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ESW.2018.8727873","url":null,"abstract":"Electrical equipment failures often result in troubleshooting or root cause investigations that may be undertaken by maintenance personal, electricians, or investigative experts. The training, education and knowledge of safe electrical work practices may vary among these individuals. In our experience, it can happen that individuals conducting the electrical equipment troubleshooting or investigative activities, especially during the troubleshooting phase, make assumptions that not only put themselves in danger but also potentially jeopardize the lives of others that are assisting with the troubleshooting or investigative activity. This paper will present some common and fundamental electrical safety mistakes made by those conducting electrical equipment troubleshooting and failure investigations. Several case studies will be discussed and lessons learned will be presented.","PeriodicalId":150498,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE IAS Electrical Safety Workshop (ESW)","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129520584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Service Entrance Disconnect Near Miss","authors":"J. Pettit, J. Chapa","doi":"10.1109/ESW.2018.8727867","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ESW.2018.8727867","url":null,"abstract":"A case study detailing the prevention of a potentially harmful equipment failure at the service entrance disconnect in a manufacturing plant. Annual thermal analysis being performed on the enclosure and through an infrared (IR) window on February 1, 2017 found a 3,000 amp, 480 volt ungrounded delta main electrical service with an enclosure surface temperature of 155° F and disconnect components inside with temperatures approaching 500 °F. The main electrical service disconnect in the enclosure was non-operable. The only upstream equipment from the service entrance is local utility equipment outside the building. The plant was immediately shut down after an on-the-spot risk assessment. Replacement parts were searched for while the local utility arrived to disconnect the power from the building. Subsequent investigation of the overheated disconnect switch found that it had not fully closed during the last maintenance performed on it four months earlier. As a result of the near miss, several maintenance program and prevention actions were taken.","PeriodicalId":150498,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE IAS Electrical Safety Workshop (ESW)","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127919155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}