2016 IEEE Aerospace Conference最新文献

{"title":"An adaptive DPCM method for efficient data compression in aerospace sensor systems","authors":"A. Liaghati, Bradley Meyer","doi":"10.1109/AERO.2016.7500730","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/AERO.2016.7500730","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we explore different techniques for lossless compression of sensor data on a wireless sensor network. In this work, we applied modify Differential Pulse Code Modulation (DPCM) scheme for our baseline lossless compression. These techniques were applied on sensor types with reasonably predictable data pattern (e.g., temperature sensor, pressure sensor, etc.) allowing about 50% data compression on the original samples. In addition, we propose a new adaptive data compression algorithm based on DPCM for higher compression of sensor data. Furthermore, this work proposes a new mathematical model based on Markov model to show where the proposed algorithm is beneficial over the conventional DPCM methods.","PeriodicalId":150162,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE Aerospace Conference","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116016891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DVER: A tool chain for cross-validation and perfection of discrete model-based diagnostic systems","authors":"N. Mahadevan, J. Schumann, M. Lowry, G. Karsai","doi":"10.1109/AERO.2016.7500913","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/AERO.2016.7500913","url":null,"abstract":"The safe and reliable operation of complex aerospace vehicles requires rapid and accurate detection and identification of system faults. Discrete model-based fault diagnostic systems (FDS) are often used when rapid real-time fault detection is needed. Given a vector of current discretized sensor readings, such a diagnostic algorithm produces fault hypotheses as its output. In this paper, we present DVER (Diagnostic VERification), a tool set to support the automation of validation and improvement of the central FDS components - the discrete model and associated sensor data processing capabilities. We present the results of applying the DVER tool chain to a modelbased FDS for the NASA Advanced Diagnostic and Prognostic Testbed (ADAPT) system, a testbed for a redundant electrical power distribution system.","PeriodicalId":150162,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE Aerospace Conference","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116110125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimal sensor architecture selection for health management of complex systems","authors":"Ivan Chamov, J. Ranieri, M. Vetterli, O. de Weck","doi":"10.1109/AERO.2016.7500713","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/AERO.2016.7500713","url":null,"abstract":"With technological progress, humans tend to create engineering systems with constantly increasing complexity and higher operational requirements. Many complex systems require the use of a Health Management (HM) solution to ensure safety and enable lifecycle properties management of the system. HM solutions such as Integrated Vehicle Health Management (IVHM) hinge mainly on data obtained from sensors. Sensors or collections of sensors, forming sensor architectures constitute an important fraction of the cost of an HM solution and thus have to be carefully designed. However, the trade-off between cost and performance of a sensor architecture is not yet well understood. In the light of this, we have developed a Pareto optimal sensor architecture selection tool for dynamic systems, which integrates performance and cost and aims at aiding design decisions. The tool uses a performance metric based on Mean Square Error (MSE) and derived from the observability matrix of an estimated state space model for a nominal system operation as well as for different system failure modes. The tool is applied to a case study involving a ducted fan, which is a dynamic system and a common mechanical set-up used for propulsion applications. This system can exhibit different mechanical as well as electrical failure modes throughout its lifecycle, which can be managed using a sensor architecture. We consider 63 possible sensor architectures (all the possible combinations out of six sensors) and the tool reduces the choice to only 13 Pareto optimal ones.","PeriodicalId":150162,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE Aerospace Conference","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122543880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Direct measurement of the acoustic wave field in the stratosphere","authors":"D. Bowman, J. Lees","doi":"10.1109/AERO.2016.7500701","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/AERO.2016.7500701","url":null,"abstract":"Low frequency acoustic waves (infrasound) are generated by a variety of natural and anthropogenic phenomena. Although infrasound propagates throughout the atmosphere, the vast majority of acoustic studies utilize sensors on or near the Earth's surface. This paper describes results from two infrasound arrays launched into the stratosphere, one in August 2014 and the other in September 2015. The observations presented here are the first stratospheric infrasound measurements reported in scientific literature in 50 years. Acoustic signals recorded on the balloon borne sensors were different than those recorded by nearby infrasound stations on the ground. The 0.2 Hz ocean microbarom was detected in the stratosphere, but was not observed on nearby ground stations. A series of narrow band signals were also observed in the stratosphere, some of which varied in frequency over tens of minutes. The source of these signals is unclear. Wind noise decreased with altitude during the ascent, becoming negligible above 20 km. It was absent when the balloon was neutrally buoyant, although it was pervasive on ground stations operating in the same region during the day. Spectral characteristics of stratospheric infrasound were similar between the two flights and also resembled the last experiment in the early 1960s, but spatiotemporal variations in signal strength and frequency were also observed. Future efforts should focus on characterizing infrasound sensor operation in extreme environments and increasing spatial and temporal frequency of acoustic measurements in the free atmosphere. Results from this study have implications for long range detection of events such as nuclear blasts, the quantification of acoustic energy that heats the upper atmosphere, and calibration of a proposed mission to place airborne acoustic sensors on Venus.","PeriodicalId":150162,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE Aerospace Conference","volume":"98 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122621488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High Temperature Boost (HTB) Anode Power Supply for a modular and scalable power processing unit","authors":"G. Carr, C. Iannello, D. Hunter, J. Lauenstein, Stanley A. Ikpe, L. Ludwig, C. Stell, T. Vo, L. Del Castillo, C. Weber, M. Mojarradi, Sonny Orellana, Yuan Chen","doi":"10.1109/AERO.2016.7500887","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/AERO.2016.7500887","url":null,"abstract":"A concept of a modular and scalable 10kW to 80kW High Temperature Boost (HTB) Power Processing Unit (PPU) capable of operating at temperatures beyond the standard military temperature range was proposed for solar electric in-space propulsion. Within the PPU, the Anode Power Supply (APS) module is a 10kW modular power stage and is the key to the HTB PPU. This paper is to present the design, development, fabrication, testing and thermal demonstration of the 10kW HTB APS. The system architecture and the paradigm shift of the HTB PPU is also to be described. In addition, the extreme environments electronic and packaging technologies are addressed as the fundamental technology path. The HTB PPU is intended for power processing in the area of space solar electric propulsion, where reduction of inspace mass and volume are desired, and sometimes even critical, to achieve the goals of future space flight missions. The concept of the HTB PPU can also be applied to other extreme environment applications, such as geothermal and petroleum deep-well drilling, where higher temperature operation is required.","PeriodicalId":150162,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE Aerospace Conference","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123003678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acoustic telepresence for spacecraft proximity operations","authors":"J. Harder, M. Wilde, Jacopo Ventura, Martin Dziura","doi":"10.1109/AERO.2016.7500670","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/AERO.2016.7500670","url":null,"abstract":"During teleoperation of spacecraft, high volumes of critical data are generated and must be presented to the human operator. The use of audio signals in addition to graphical displays has the potential of increasing the amount of information perceivable and manageable by the operator. This paper reports the findings of an experimental study investigating the applicability of acoustic feedback modes during spacecraft proximity operations in a telerobotic on-orbit servicing or space debris removal mission. The study investigated various combinations of acoustic message content, projection methods, and signal modes in order to identify system configurations that are applicable and beneficial to spacecraft telepresence operations. The implemented messages ranged from actual voice messages over characteristic single sound messages to continuous sounds indicating different values of the information by changing frequency or amplitude. This paper describes the implementation of the sound projection system, the experimental setup used to evaluate the investigated methods, and results of the user study. System performance was measured using objective flight data such as docking success, docking speed, and docking accuracy, as well as subjective user feedback using post-flight questionaires. The experiments showed that the use of acoustic support functions had no significant beneficial effect on task success or task safety, measured in the contact velocity at docking. However, the accuracy of the docking approaches was significantly improved, as well as the perceived comfort level professed by the test participants.","PeriodicalId":150162,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE Aerospace Conference","volume":"414 27","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114059117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advanced node-splitting techniques for radiation-hardened analog/mixed-signal circuits","authors":"W. T. Holman, J. Kauppila, L. Massengill, B. Bhuva, A. Witulski, M. Alles","doi":"10.1109/AERO.2016.7500698","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/AERO.2016.7500698","url":null,"abstract":"Errors due to radiation effects are a growing reliability concern for modern aerospace systems. In particular, single-event transients (SETs) and single-event upsets (SEUs) due to charged ion strikes in integrated circuits (ICs) have resulted in data corruption and operational failures in space systems. As IC feature sizes continue to shrink, the vulnerability of electronic systems worsens as smaller and smaller amounts of single-event charge become sufficient to alter the voltages on critical circuit nodes. Modern radiation-hardened systems rely on radiation-hardened-by-design (RHBD) techniques to reduce radiation vulnerability in commercially available IC processes without requiring changes to the manufacturing process itself. Several new RHBD concepts that are specifically applicable to analog and mixed-signal circuits have been developed in recent years. The RHBD concept of “node splitting” to create parallel signal paths has been shown to improve single-event hardness in switched-capacitor and continuous-time analog and mixed-signal circuits. Examples of HNS (hardening via node splitting) include dual- and quad-path switching capacitor signal processing circuits, and peeled layouts in operational amplifiers and comparators. This paper provides an overview of the HNS concept, with an emphasis on two new techniques currently under development: massively multiple peeled layouts (MMPL), and smart peeling. A circuit with a peeled layout is split into two or more parallel subcircuits that are connected at the input(s) and output(s), but with separate internal nodes. Absent any radiation effects, components are sized such that the peeled circuit behaves almost identically to the original unpeeled circuit in terms of electrical performance. However, in the event of an ion strike that upsets one of the subcircuits, the remaining subcircuit(s) will continue to operate normally and thereby mitigate the resulting single-event transient at the output. MMPL and smart peeling are newly developed refinements of the basic peeled layout concept. Massively multiple peeled layouts take advantage of the layout restrictions imposed by increasingly constrained design rules in very deep submicron IC processes. In an MMPL design, critical subcircuits and sensitive nodes may be split into 4, 8, 16, or more parallel paths to provide additional hardness benefits. The MMPL technique appears particularly well suited to critical global subcircuits such as bias circuits and voltage references. Smart peeling operates in a different fashion. Instead of the brute-force “wire-ORing” of two or more signal paths into completely separate subcircuits, a circuit with smart peeling only has select internal nodes separated such that the struck path is disabled by the collected charge, leaving the remaining path to maintain the integrity of the signal. Circuit examples of MMPL and smart peeling are presented, with simulation results that illustrate the efficacy of these concepts in ha","PeriodicalId":150162,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE Aerospace Conference","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129830257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"IRASSI: InfraRed astronomy satellite swarm interferometry — Mission concept and description","authors":"L. Buinhas, Eloi Ferrer-Gil, R. Forstner","doi":"10.1109/AERO.2016.7500633","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/AERO.2016.7500633","url":null,"abstract":"A current focus of modern astronomy is the characterization of the physical properties and of the chemical processes which can lead to prebiotic conditions in Earth-like planets. In order to identify such conditions, the first step is to observe regions in space which could originate Earth-like planets, such as stellar disks. The involved chemical processes are visible in the far-infrared radiation spectrum - more specifically in the spectral range of 1 to 6 THz. In order to perform observations in the far-infrared frequencies with high resolution, sophisticated instrumentation needs to be used. This spectrum is attenuated by the atmosphere and therefore can only be observed directly from space. Due to the high requirements placed on the spatial resolution, interferometry has gained popularity in recent years. Interferometric systems employ arrays of telescopes to extract information about a source with high resolution, by super-imposing electromagnetic wavefronts which are phase-shifted and measuring their interference. Such a system relies on the determination of the baseline of the telescopes with an accuracy proportional to the observed wavelength. In the far-infrared, this corresponds to accuracies in the micrometer level. This paper presents the IRASSI mission, whose aim is the observation of stellar disks and protoplanetary regions so as to understand the genesis of planets, star formation and evolution processes. IRASSI is a multidisciplinary interferometric telescope mission to the second Lagrange point, L2, of the Sun-Earth/Moon system. The constellation is composed of 5 spacecraft. The operating principle of IRASSI is that by dynamically changing the baseline distances between the spacecraft during scientific observations, one can measure the interference of the wavefronts at different locations. This technique allows the observation of the far-infrared phenomena at better resolution than that obtained with a single spacecraft. The outline of the IRASSI mission was built on precursor mission studies and concepts, such as ESPRIT and DARWIN. Unlike DARWIN, for instance, IRASSI does not require active control of the formation because it uses heterodyne detection in combination with a ranging system, which can provide inter-satellite distances with a very high accuracy. The present paper introduces therefore the mission concept of IRASSI, followed by a detailed description of the in-orbit operational concept at L2, while addressing how such mission fills in the gap of information regarding the observations in the far-infrared. The main mission analysis results obtained thus far are subsequently presented, and a hypothesized mechanical configuration is described. The key technical challenges posed by such endeavor are identified, complemented by an overview of the future work. The concluding remarks of the IRASSI study are then provided.","PeriodicalId":150162,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE Aerospace Conference","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128531086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Outpost assembly using the ATHLETE mobility system","authors":"A. Scott Howe, B. Wilcox","doi":"10.1109/AERO.2016.7500794","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/AERO.2016.7500794","url":null,"abstract":"A planetary surface outpost will likely consist of elements delivered on multiple manifests, that will need to be assembled from a scattering of landings. Using the All-Terrain Hex-Limbed Extra-Terrestrial Explorer (ATHLETE) limbed robotic mobility system, the outpost site can be prepared in advance through leveling, paving, and in-situ structures. ATHLETE will be able to carry pressurized and non-pressurized payloads overland from the lander descent stage to the outpost location, and perform precision docking and assembly of components. In addition, spent descent stages can be carried to assembly locations to form elevated decks for external work platforms above the planet surface. This paper discusses several concepts that have been studied for possible inclusion in the NASA Evolvable Mars Campaign human exploration mission scenarios.","PeriodicalId":150162,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE Aerospace Conference","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128751895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spectral and wavefront error performance of WFIRST/AFTA bandpass filter prototypes","authors":"M. Quijada, Laurie Seide, B. Pasquale, Joseph C. McMann, J. Hagopian, M. Dominguez, Q. Gong, C. Marx","doi":"10.1109/AERO.2016.7500948","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/AERO.2016.7500948","url":null,"abstract":"The Cycle 5 design baseline for the Wide-Field Infrared Survey Telescope Astrophysics Focused Telescope Assets (WFIRST/AFTA) instrument includes a single wide-field channel (WFC) instrument for both imaging and spectroscopy. The only routinely moving part during scientific observations for this wide-field channel is the element wheel (EW) assembly. This filter-wheel assembly will have 8 positions that will be populated with 6 bandpass filters, a blank position, and a Grism assembly that will consist of a three-element assembly to disperse the central wavelength undeviated for galaxy redshift surveys. All elements in the EW assembly will be made out of fused silica substrates (110 mm diameter) that will have the appropriate bandpass coatings according to the filter designations (Z087, Y106, J129, H158, F184, W149 and Grism). This paper presents and discusses filter performance, including spectral transmission and reflected/transmitted wavefront errors measurements, for a subset of the bandpass filter complement of the WFC instrument. The filters that are tested in this effort are the Z087, W149, and Grism. These filter coatings have been procured from three different vendors to assess the most challenging aspects in terms of the in-band throughput, out of band rejection (including the cut-on and cut-off slopes), and the impact the wavefront error distortions of these filters will have on the imaging performance of the wide-field channel in the WFIRST/AFTA observatory.","PeriodicalId":150162,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE Aerospace Conference","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129004370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}