Journal of Agriculture of The University of Puerto Rico最新文献

{"title":"Fungal pathogens of mango (Mangifera indica L.) inflorescences","authors":"L. Rivera-Vargas, Manuel Pérez-Cuevas, Irma Cabrera-Asencio, M. R. Suárez-Rozo, Luz M. Serrato-Díaz","doi":"10.46429/JAUPR.V104I2.19039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46429/JAUPR.V104I2.19039","url":null,"abstract":"This is the first comprehensive study to identify fungal pathogens of mango (Mangifera indica L.) inflorescences in Puerto Rico. A total of 452 mango inflorescences were collected from four cultivars at seven developmental stages during two blooming seasons. Samples were gathered from the germplasm collection at the Agricultural Experiment Station of the University of Puerto Rico in Juana Díaz, Puerto Rico. Eight different symptoms were observed: cankers, flower abortion, powdery mildew, rachis necrotic lesions, rachis soft rot, tip blight, vascular wilt, and insect perforations with necrotic borders. Necrosis was the most prevalent symptom (47%), followed by powdery mildew (19%) and tip blight (6%). Symptoms of malformation were never observed in the field. Using a modified Horsfall and Barratt scale, data on all mango cultivars pooled from two blooming seasons showed that the full bloom stage, the last inflorescence developmental stage (G), displayed the highest mean disease severity (42.67%). This severity value was significantly higher than those of the other developmental stages evaluated (P<0.05). Early inflorescence developmental stages were asymptomatic or showed the lowest percentage of disease severity. An ANOVA was performed to compare disease severity among all mango cultivars regardless of developmental stage. Results showed that there were significant differences (P<0.05) between mean disease severity of cultivars ‘Parvin’ and ‘Haden’. Mean disease severity was higher in ‘Haden’ (20%) when compared to ‘Parvin’ (10.7%). There were no statistical differences in mean disease severity between cultivars ‘Irwin’, ‘Keitt’ and ‘Parvin’, or between ‘Irwin’, ‘Haden’ and ‘Keitt’. In addition to the powdery mildew caused by Pseudoidium anacardii, 26 genera of fungi, mainly of Ascomycetes, 1Manuscript submitted to Editorial Board 18 June 2019. 2This work was supported by the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture, Hatch project H-425. The authors thank agronomists Víctor M. González, Luis E. Collazo and Lorena L. Simbaña for their assistance in the development of this research. 3Professor, Department of Agro-environmental Sciences, University of Puerto RicoMayagüez, Mayagüez, P.R. 00680; e-mail: lydiai.rivera@upr.edu. 4Ex-graduate student, Department of Agro-environmental Sciences, University of Puerto Rico-Mayagüez. 5Professor, Department of Agro-environmental Sciences, University of Puerto Rico, Agricultural Experiment Station, Juana Díaz, P.R. 0079. 6Research Associate, Department of Agro-environmental Sciences, University of Puerto Rico-Mayagüez. 7Research Plant Pathologist, USDA-ARS-Tropical Agriculture Research Station, 2200 P.A. Campos Avenue Ste. 201, Mayagüez, Puerto Rico 00680-5470. 140 RiveRa-vaRgas et al./Fungi oF Mango inFloRescences were identified from a total of 569 fungal isolates, from symptomatic and asymptomatic inflorescences. The most common fungi were: Diaporthe spp. (29%), followed by members of the Botryosphaeri","PeriodicalId":14937,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agriculture of The University of Puerto Rico","volume":"7 1","pages":"139-164"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83194072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Willingness to pay for the conservation of an urban forest at the Montaña farm, Aguadilla, Puerto Rico","authors":"Kenneth A. Rivera-Acosta","doi":"10.46429/JAUPR.V104I2.19037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46429/JAUPR.V104I2.19037","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14937,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agriculture of The University of Puerto Rico","volume":"62 1","pages":"113-128"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74467655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Feeding systems and productive and physiological parameters of lambs raised under heat stress","authors":"A. Rodríguez-Carías, Jose Israel Suarez-Rodriguez, Jonathan Collazo, J. F. Cleve","doi":"10.46429/JAUPR.V104I2.19041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46429/JAUPR.V104I2.19041","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study was to determine physiological parameters (rectal temperature = RT, respiratory rate = RR, heart rate = HR) and production parameters (dry matter intake = DMI, water intake = WI, average daily weight gain = ADG, and feed conversion = FC) of crossbred and Katahdin lambs raised in rotational grazing of native pastures (NP) and in confinement under heat stress conditions. Nine crossbred lambs (average initial weight = 19.4 kg) were used and fed in a rotational grazing system for 70 days with occupation and rest periods of seven and 21 days, respectively. The lambs had daily access to the grazing area for four to six hours, grass hay and water ad libitum, a daily supplement of 100 g of commercial concentrate and a nutritional block. In the confined system, six lambs of the Katahdin breed (average initial weight = 27.3 kg) were used, and for 28 days these were fed total mixed rations (TMR) containing 30% grass hay, 15.4% soybean meal, 54.6% corn grain and a mineral block. The diet contained 14% Crude Protein (CP) and 66% Total Digestible Nutrients (TDN) and was formulated for an ADG of 200 g. The offered and rejected feed was quantified every day [4% body weight (BW)/dry matter basis (DMB)] to determine the DMI, and the volume of water offered and rejected to determine WI. To validate the stress conditions, the maximum environmental temperature and relative humidity were monitored to calculate the temperature and humidity index (THI), and the RT, HR and RR of the 15 lambs were determined. The lambs were weighed every seven days. In both experiments, the THI oscillated between 78 and 80. The lambs were under environmental heat stress conditions (THI x̅ = 79) during both studies. The averages of HR and RT in the grazing system were 118.0 beats per minute and 38.6° C, while the averages under the confinement system were 108.6 beats per minute and 39.4° C, respectively. The average RR (53.6 and 62.6 breaths per minute, in grazing and in confinement, respectively) was greater than the normal value considered for thermal comfort. Respiratory rate is the main mechanism used by lambs to dissipate heat. The heart rate also showed slightly higher values than those reported for animals in their comfort zone. However, the rectal temperature values were constant. As expected, crossbred lambs fed under grazing conditions with naturalized pastures (NP) had a low ADG (55.6 g). Nevertheless, Katahdin lambs fed in confinement with TMR had a DMI of 935.4 g/day (3.14% BW/DMB), a WI of 3.5 L/day, a FC of 4.74 and an ADG of 226.2 g. In conclusion, raising crossbred sheep in rotational grazing of NP without any type of agronomic management results in ADG that could not be considered viable in traditional production systems. The introduction of pure breeds and feeding them in confined systems with a TMR results in a pre-determined ADG (>200 g/day) and is an alternative that can be evaluated economically for its practical implementation.","PeriodicalId":14937,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agriculture of The University of Puerto Rico","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44356535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Weight gain, carcass characteristics, and meat quality of native lambs fed in confinement with total rations","authors":"J. J. Rosado, A. Rodríguez-Carías, Aixa Rivera, J. F. Cleve","doi":"10.46429/JAUPR.V104I2.19042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46429/JAUPR.V104I2.19042","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14937,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agriculture of The University of Puerto Rico","volume":"54 1","pages":"201-221"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74120035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Título en inglés","authors":"Wilfredo Robles, María de L. Lugo-Torres, J. P. Morales-Payán","doi":"10.46429/JAUPR.V104I2.19044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46429/JAUPR.V104I2.19044","url":null,"abstract":"The central giant cell granuloma is an intraosseous, osteolytic and benign lesion of non-odontogenic origin, with no reports published so far that can become a malignant pathology. We presented a 69-years-old male who presented intraoral volume increase on the left side, evolution time was not quantified, non-painful, prevented the placement of his dental prosthesis. Image studies and stereolithographic models were performed and demonstrate the presence of a wide lithic zone located below the piriform aperture. Cystic mass enucleation, aggressive curettage of bony walls and cleaning of surgical field with chemical solution was done. Our objective is to provide necessary guidelines for central giant cell granuloma diagnosis in order to carry out an adequate treatment without risk of recurrence.","PeriodicalId":14937,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agriculture of The University of Puerto Rico","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48506860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identifying interspecific lines of coffee resistant to Hemileia vastatrix Berk. et Br. and evaluating their adaptability to the coffee growing region of Puerto Rico","authors":"R. Rodríguez, Wigmar González, Oswaldo Bosques","doi":"10.46429/JAUPR.V104I2.19040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46429/JAUPR.V104I2.19040","url":null,"abstract":"Thirteen lines from the coffee germplasm collection of the Adjuntas Agricultural Experiment Substation, lines T-5175 and T-8667 from Costa Rica, and four advanced multilines from the Portugal Research Center for Coffee Rust (CIFC; ‘Centro de Investigación de la Roya del Café de Portugal’) were evaluated for resistance to Hemileia vastatrix and their performance under coffee production conditions in Puerto Rico. The evaluations were conducted in the laboratory and on selected coffee farms. Lines of “Catimor” and “Sarchimor” types were selected based on their reaction to the rust pathogen and excellent agronomic characteristics and named ‘Frontón’ and ‘Limaní’, respectively. Incidence of black beans was examined in red, medium and green beans and was significantly higher in line T-5175, in plantings <300 meters above sea level, and in medium ripe and green fruits. Catimor lines from the CIFC were superior to the check ‘Caturra’ in fruit production and yield of green coffee.\u0000 ","PeriodicalId":14937,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agriculture of The University of Puerto Rico","volume":"24 1","pages":"165-180"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86129633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of sex and animal type on tenderness and juiciness of beef from cattle with eight permanent incisors in Puerto Rico","authors":"K. Domenech, Aixa Rivera, Américo Casas, M. Pagán, D. Cianzio, F. Pérez","doi":"10.46429/JAUPR.V101I1.14293","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46429/JAUPR.V101I1.14293","url":null,"abstract":"The effects of sex (female or intact male) and animal type (beef, BT; or dairy, DT) on meat quality attributes of the Longissimus lumborum muscle were evaluated in 89 commercially sourced bovines in Puerto Rico, all having eight permanent incisors (>53 months of age). Mean meat pH was greater (P<0.0001) for BT than for DT (5.75 vs. 5.40), with males of BT and DT having the highest and lowest values, respectively (5.99 vs. 5.32), resulting in a sex x type interaction (P=0.0003). Regarding color parameters, female BT and male DT had lower L* values (darker meat), constituting another sex x type interaction (P<0.0001). Males showed greater a* and b* values than females (more red and yellow colored meat; P<0.05). Females surpassed males (P<0.0001) in intramuscular fat content (9.13 vs. 3.06%) and DT showed a non-significant advantage over BT (8.90 vs. 5.87%). Higher pH was associated with greater water retention (P<0.0001). Warner-Bratzler Shear (WBS) and tenderness scores assigned by untrained sensory panelists indicated non-significant tendencies in favor of females (WBS: 6.13 vs. 7.20 kg), and in favor of BT over DT within males (WBS: 6.69 vs. 7.71 kg). The sensory panel assigned higher juiciness scores to beef from males than females (4.85 vs. 4.16 on a scale from 1 to 8; P=0.0074).","PeriodicalId":14937,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agriculture of The University of Puerto Rico","volume":"1 1","pages":"51-62"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75670442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of body dimensions between normal and double muscled Senepol heifers","authors":"H. Sánchez, K. Domenech, Gerardo Rivera, M. Pagán, Américo Casas, P. Randel, Gladycia Muñiz","doi":"10.46429/JAUPR.V101I1.14291","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46429/JAUPR.V101I1.14291","url":null,"abstract":"Different body dimensions were compared between 16 normally muscled (NM) and 16 heterocygous double muscled (DM) Senepol heifers. Body weight (BW), withers height (WH), hip height (HH), thorarcic perimeter (TP), barrel (BA), shoulder to pin bone distance (SPD), and the internal pelvic width (PW), height (PH), and area (PA) were recorded in each heifer. Also included were the relationships of BW/body dimensions, except for dimensions PW and PH. Data were analyzed by the GLIMMIX and CORR procedures of SAS. The respective genotypes MN and DM did not differ (P>0.10) in BW (415 and 434 kg), WH (both 113 cm), HH (both 120 cm), TP (both 175 cm), B A (209 and 214 cm), B W/B A (1.99 and 2.03 kg/cm), SPD (both 147 cm), PW (both 13 cm), PA (212 and 220 cm2), and BW/PA (1.96 and 1.98 kg/cm2). However, DM heifers tended to present (P<0.10) higher values than NM heifers for BW/WH, BW/HH, BW/SPD, and PH by margins of 0.14 kg/cm, 0.15 kg/cm, 0.12 kg/cm, and 0.59 cm, respectively. Moreover, the BW/TP value was 0.09 kg/cm greater (P<0.05) in the DM than in NM heifers. The correlations between different pairs of body dimensions were lower in the DM than in the NM heifers. These results suggest that the enhanced musculature visually observed in DM heifers must be accompanied by hypotrophy of other body organs and tissues, but not including the pelvic region. This compensatory effect minimizes the posibility of observing differences in body dimensions in vivo between DM and NM heifers.","PeriodicalId":14937,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agriculture of The University of Puerto Rico","volume":"11 1","pages":"17-34"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86489458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Caloric contribution of imported and locally produced food in Puerto Rico","authors":"J. Hernández, Myrna Comas-Pagán, Alwin Jiménez, S. Blas","doi":"10.46429/JAUPR.V101I1.14298","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46429/JAUPR.V101I1.14298","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this article is to evaluate the caloric contribution of the top imported and locally produced foods in Puerto Rico. Data from the USDA and Puerto Rico Planning Board were used to estimate caloric needs in different demographic groups and projected until 2025. In analyzing Puerto Rican produce, the caloric contribution of local production was estimated to be around 18 percent. By contrast, when the caloric contribution of 50 foods imported and produced in Puerto Rico was evaluated, these foods account for 115 percent of the calories needed daily for the population to maintain a normal weight. Sugar, rice, vegetable oil, milk and corn make the greatest contribution to the Puerto Rican diet, representing an estimated 58 percent of average number of calories that Puerto Ricans should consume. The distribution of calories identified in these 50 articles consumed in Puerto Rico (e.g., fruits, vegetables, dairy products, proteins, carbohydrates, etc.) shows serious discrepancies from the distribution suggested by the 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines developed by experts of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services and the U.S. Department of Agriculture. For example, 34 percent of the calories consumed in Puerto Rico correspond to foods high in sugar and fat.","PeriodicalId":14937,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agriculture of The University of Puerto Rico","volume":"21 2 1","pages":"121-141"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89654851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of a-amylase and protease on diet nutrient intake and digestibility, and physiological parameters in lambs","authors":"A. Rodríguez-Carías, Beatriz A. Quintana, L. C. Solórzano, P. Randel","doi":"10.46429/JAUPR.V101I1.14294","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46429/JAUPR.V101I1.14294","url":null,"abstract":"The effects of adding exogenous enzymes on the intake and digestibility of dry matter (DM) and on nutrients, and several blood parameters were determined in lambs fed a basal diet of 34% ground corn, 40% tropical grass hay, and 26% soybean meal providing 21% dietary starch. Twelve crossbred lambs (22 kg) were assigned to one of four diets: no additives (1); diets containing α-amylase (2); protease (3); or their combination (4). Diets (DM basis) were offered daily at 4% of animal BW in four 28-day experimental periods each consisting of 21 d of adaptation to the diet followed by 7 d of complete fecal collection. In each period, feed offered, orts and feces were collected, quantified and analyzed for contents of DM, starch, crude protein (CP) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) to determine intake and digestibility. At the end of each experimental period, blood samples were collected from the individual lambs to determine the concentration of glucose, beta-hidroxy butyrate (BHB), nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA), and insulin. Data were analyzed according to a 4 x 4 Latin Square experimental design. Dietary treatment contrasts were performed using least square means adjustment for multiple comparisons (Tukey-Kramer) as follows: enzymes versus no enzymes, amylase versus no amylase and protease versus no protease. Dry matter intake was similar across treatments (1,106; 1,088; 1,105 and 1,088 g/d for control, and diets containing α-amylase, experimental protease or their combination, respectively). Adding protease to the diet decreased (P<0.05) starch consumption (248 vs. 255 g/d) and increased, but not significantly, NDF digestibility (48.6 vs. 46.8%) as compared to that of lambs fed without the experimental enzyme. Adding enzymes to the diet tended (P<0.10) to decrease blood BHB concentration below the control level (4.26 vs. 4.68 mg/dL). Blood NEFA concentration tended to increase (P<0.10) in lambs fed α-amylase compared to those fed without α-amylase (0.17 vs. 0.14 mEq/L). The insulin level tended (P<0.10) to increase in lambs fed protease versus lambs not receiving the enzyme (80.3 vs. 71.8 pmol/L). Glucose levels were similar for all treatments. Both exogenous enzymes influenced blood metabolites; however, a greater effect was observed in lambs fed the protease.","PeriodicalId":14937,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agriculture of The University of Puerto Rico","volume":"32 1","pages":"63-78"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89966020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}