Moritz Gütlein, Wojciech Baron, Christopher Renner, Anatoli Djanatliev
{"title":"Performance Evaluation of HLA RTI Implementations","authors":"Moritz Gütlein, Wojciech Baron, Christopher Renner, Anatoli Djanatliev","doi":"10.1109/DS-RT50469.2020.9213641","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DS-RT50469.2020.9213641","url":null,"abstract":"The High Level Architecture is an IEEE standard that enables distributed simulation. There are several implementations of the standard, which are providing i.a. the Run-Time Infrastructure component. This paper compares the four most known RTI Implementations, namely MAK RTI, Pitch pRTI, Portico, and CERTI, with a focus on performance evaluation. In general, Pitch pRTI was the fastest implementation for most of our experiments. CERTI performed best for big payload sizes and Portico showed an interesting oscillation pattern.","PeriodicalId":149260,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE/ACM 24th International Symposium on Distributed Simulation and Real Time Applications (DS-RT)","volume":"99 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133091639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Diogo Torres, João Pedro Dias, André Restivo, H. Ferreira
{"title":"Real-time Feedback in Node-RED for IoT Development: An Empirical Study","authors":"Diogo Torres, João Pedro Dias, André Restivo, H. Ferreira","doi":"10.1109/DS-RT50469.2020.9213544","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DS-RT50469.2020.9213544","url":null,"abstract":"The continuous spreading of the Internet-of-Things across application domains, aided by the continuous growth on the number of devices and systems that are Internet-connected, created both a rise in the complexity of these systems and made noticeable a lack of human resources with the expertise to design, develop and maintain them. Recent works try to mitigate these issues by creating solutions that abstract the complexity of the systems, such as using visual programming languages. Node-RED, as one of the most common solutions for the visual development IoT systems, stills has several limitations, such as the lack of observability and inadequate debugging mechanisms. In this work, we address some of these limitations by enhancing Node-RED with new features that improve the user's system development, debugging, and understanding tasks. We proceed to empirically evaluate the impact of these enhancements, concluding that, overall, such enhancements reduce the development time and the number of failed attempts to deploy the system.","PeriodicalId":149260,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE/ACM 24th International Symposium on Distributed Simulation and Real Time Applications (DS-RT)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124409986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Martin Drasar, Stephen Moskal, S. Yang, Pavol Zat'ko
{"title":"Session-level Adversary Intent-Driven Cyberattack Simulator","authors":"Martin Drasar, Stephen Moskal, S. Yang, Pavol Zat'ko","doi":"10.1109/DS-RT50469.2020.9213690","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DS-RT50469.2020.9213690","url":null,"abstract":"Recognizing the need for proactive analysis of cyber adversary behavior, this paper presents a new event-driven simulation model and implementation to reveal the efforts needed by attackers who have various entry points into a network. Unlike previous models which focus on the impact of attackers' actions on the defender's infrastructure, this work focuses on the attackers' strategies and actions. By operating on a request-response session level, our model provides an abstraction of how the network infrastructure reacts to access credentials the adversary might have obtained through a variety of strategies. We present the current capabilities of the simulator by showing three variants of Bronze Butler APT on a network with different user access levels.","PeriodicalId":149260,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE/ACM 24th International Symposium on Distributed Simulation and Real Time Applications (DS-RT)","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114829172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Diego M. Jiménez-Bravo, Pierre Masala Mutombo, B. Braem, J. Márquez-Barja
{"title":"Applying Faster R-CNN in Extremely Low-Resolution Thermal Images for People Detection","authors":"Diego M. Jiménez-Bravo, Pierre Masala Mutombo, B. Braem, J. Márquez-Barja","doi":"10.1109/DS-RT50469.2020.9213609","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DS-RT50469.2020.9213609","url":null,"abstract":"In today's cities, it is increasingly normal to see different systems based on Artificial Intelligence (AI) that help citizens and government institutions in their daily lives. This is possible thanks to the Internet of Things (IoT). In this paper we present a solution using low-resolution thermal sensors in combination of deep learning to detect people in the images generated by those sensors. To verify whether the deep learning techniques are appropriate for this type of images of such low resolution, we have implement a Faster Region-Convolutional Neural Network. The results obtained are hopeful and undoubtedly encourage to continue improving this research line. With a perception of 72.85% and given the complexity of the problem presented we consider the results obtained to be highly satisfactory and it encourages us to continue improving the work presented in this article.","PeriodicalId":149260,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE/ACM 24th International Symposium on Distributed Simulation and Real Time Applications (DS-RT)","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127104566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Youssra Cheriguene, Soumia Djellikh, Fatima Zohra Bousbaa, N. Lagraa, Abderrahmane Lakas, Kerrache Chaker Abdelaziz, Abdou el Karim Tahari
{"title":"SEMRP: an Energy-efficient Multicast Routing Protocol for UAV Swarms","authors":"Youssra Cheriguene, Soumia Djellikh, Fatima Zohra Bousbaa, N. Lagraa, Abderrahmane Lakas, Kerrache Chaker Abdelaziz, Abdou el Karim Tahari","doi":"10.1109/DS-RT50469.2020.9213700","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DS-RT50469.2020.9213700","url":null,"abstract":"The deployment of a swarm of cooperative UAVs applications for the execution of distributed tasks has increased attention from both academia and industry researchers. The use of a group of UAVs instead of one single UAV offers many advantages like extending the mission coverage, providing a reliable ad-hoc networks services, and enhancing the service performance, to name a few. However, due to the highly dynamic nature of the swarm topology, the coordination of a large number of UAVs poses new challenges to traditional inter-UAV communication protocols. Therefore, there is a need for the design of new networking protocols that can efficiently support the fast-pace and real-time requirements of a coordinated swarm navigation in various environments. In this paper, we propose SEMRP a Swarm energy-efficient multicast routing protocol for UAVs flying in group formations. The main purpose of SEMRP is to facilitate the control and information delivery between UAVs while minimizing inter-UAV packet loss, packet re-transmission, and end-to-end delay. In this study we show how SEMRP achieves these objectives by taking into account various Quality-of-Service parameters like the network throughput, the UAVs mobility, and energy efficiency to ensure a timely and accurate information delivery to all members of a UAV swarm. The results of the conducted simulation using NS-2 advocate for the efficiency of our proposal through its to two presented versions (SEMRP-v1 and SEMRP-v2) in term of reducing the total emission energy (at least by 10 dBm), optimizing the End-to-End Delay by 44%, and increasing the packet delivery ratio by more than to 22% compared to SP-GMRF protocol.","PeriodicalId":149260,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE/ACM 24th International Symposium on Distributed Simulation and Real Time Applications (DS-RT)","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130748272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Cicirelli, Antonio Francesco Gentile, E. Greco, A. Guerrieri, G. Spezzano, Andrea Vinci
{"title":"An Energy Management System at the Edge based on Reinforcement Learning","authors":"F. Cicirelli, Antonio Francesco Gentile, E. Greco, A. Guerrieri, G. Spezzano, Andrea Vinci","doi":"10.1109/DS-RT50469.2020.9213697","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DS-RT50469.2020.9213697","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, we propose an IoT edge-based energy management system devoted to minimizing the energy cost for the daily-use of in-home appliances. The proposed approach employs a load scheduling based on a load shifting technique, and it is designed to operate in an edge-computing environment naturally. The scheduling considers all together time-variable profiles for energy cost, energy production, and energy consumption for each shiftable appliance. Deadlines for load termination can also be expressed. In order to address these goals, the scheduling problem is formulated as a Markov decision process and then processed through a reinforcement learning technique. The approach is validated by the development of an agent-based real-world test case deployed in an edge context.","PeriodicalId":149260,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE/ACM 24th International Symposium on Distributed Simulation and Real Time Applications (DS-RT)","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133579172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Pitfalls and Remedies in Modeling and Simulation of Cyber Physical Systems","authors":"A. Falcone, A. Garro","doi":"10.1109/DS-RT50469.2020.9213663","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DS-RT50469.2020.9213663","url":null,"abstract":"The ever-growing advances in science and technology have led to a rapid increase in the complexity of most engineered systems. Cyber-physical Systems (CPSs) are the result of this technology advancement that involves new paradigms, architectures and functionalities derived from different engineering domains. Due to the nature of CPSs, which are composed of many heterogeneous components that constantly interact one another and with the environment, it is difficult to study, explain hypothesis and evaluate design alternatives without using Modeling and Simulation (M&S) approaches. M&S is increasingly used in the CPS domain with different objectives; however, its adoption is not easy and straightforward but can lead to pitfalls that need to be recognized and addressed. This paper identifies some important pitfalls deriving from the application of M&S approaches to the CPS study and presents remedies, which are already available in the literature, to prevent and face them.","PeriodicalId":149260,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE/ACM 24th International Symposium on Distributed Simulation and Real Time Applications (DS-RT)","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115167837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Fazio, M. Mehic, P. Partila, J. Továrek, M. Voznák
{"title":"A New Mobility Samples Encoding Scheme Based on Pairing Functions and Data Analytics","authors":"P. Fazio, M. Mehic, P. Partila, J. Továrek, M. Voznák","doi":"10.1109/DS-RT50469.2020.9213601","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DS-RT50469.2020.9213601","url":null,"abstract":"In the modern telecommunication systems, mobility is one of the key advantage of wireless communications, given that it is possible to transmit/receive data, without caring of having a static position into the network. Of course, mobility poses special issues such as degradations, channel quality fluctuations, fast topology changes, and so on. Modern researches focus their attention on predicting mobile future node positions, in order to a-priori know, for example, what the evolution of the network topology will be or which level of stability each node will reach. Each prediction scheme is based on the storage and analysis of several historical mobility trajectories, in order to train the proper prediction algorithm. In this paper, we focus our attention on the optimization of the space needed to store historical mobility samples, encoding their values and evaluating the conversion error, comparing different encoding functions. Several simulation campaigns have been carried out in order to evaluate the goodness and feasibility of our proposal.","PeriodicalId":149260,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE/ACM 24th International Symposium on Distributed Simulation and Real Time Applications (DS-RT)","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123471698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Model Checking Actor-based Cyber-Physical Systems","authors":"F. Cicirelli, L. Nigro","doi":"10.1109/DS-RT50469.2020.9213705","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DS-RT50469.2020.9213705","url":null,"abstract":"Cyber-physical systems (CPSs) integrate continuous behavior of a physical controlled plant with discrete behavior provided by a controlling cyber (software) part. The integration is challenging because continuous, Newtonian time of the physical part needs be reconciled with discrete time of the cyber part. In this work, the event-based asynchronous actors of Theatre extended with continuous modes, are used for modelling and analyzing CPSs. Continuous modes capture the dynamic laws (ODEs) of variation of physical/environmental variables. Theatre is control-based and distributed. It is implemented in Java, which is used both as the modelling language and as the target implementation language. Specific control forms were developed for simulating a distributed CPS and for assessing its functional/temporal behavior. Continuous modes exploit suitable ODE solvers to predict the future values of selected variables at specific time points. Although classical actors depend on non-deterministic message passing, a Theatre model can be designed to have a deterministic behavior. A hybrid Theatre model can be analyzed by exhaustive model checking by having, for instance, that the computations of the ODE solvers are, preliminarily, offline collected and reused during verification. This paper describes Theatre, summarizes its operational semantics and illustrates a model reduction onto Uppaal timed automata. Then an automotive deterministic model based on both wired and Controller Area Network transmitted messages is presented and thoroughly analysed.","PeriodicalId":149260,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE/ACM 24th International Symposium on Distributed Simulation and Real Time Applications (DS-RT)","volume":"1710 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129426418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Simulation and Digital Twin Support for Managed Drone Applications","authors":"Nasos Grigoropoulos, S. Lalis","doi":"10.1109/DS-RT50469.2020.9213676","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DS-RT50469.2020.9213676","url":null,"abstract":"As drone technology passes one milestone after the other, drones are used in an ever-increasing number of applications and are now considered as an integral part of the future smart city infrastructure. At the same time, the inherent safety and privacy risks associated with drone-based applications call for appropriate testing and monitoring tools. In this paper, we present a simulation environment and digital twin support for a platform that allows the managed execution of drone-based applications on top of a shared drone infrastructure. On the one hand, the simulation environment makes it possible to perform a wide range of tests regarding the operation of both the platform itself and the applications that run on top of it, before deploying them in the real world. On the other hand, after deployment, a digital twin of the drone is used to detect deviations of the application from the expected behavior, which, in turn, can serve as an indication of bugs that remained undetected during the simulation tests or malfunctions that occur at runtime. We discuss the most important elements of our approach and the simulation and digital twin components of the proposed system. Also, we provide a functional evaluation of our work by presenting its capabilities regarding both offline testing and runtime checking through indicative use cases.","PeriodicalId":149260,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE/ACM 24th International Symposium on Distributed Simulation and Real Time Applications (DS-RT)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131030618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}